The procedure for a rebound hammer test on concrete structures involves first calibrating the hammer on a steel test anvil. Then, the hammer is held at right angles to the concrete surface to take readings either horizontally on vertical surfaces or vertically on horizontal surfaces. Multiple readings are taken at each point and averaged. The rebound number indicates the compressive strength of the concrete to a limited depth from the surface, though many factors can influence the results. Correlating rebound numbers to compressive strength tests on cores from the structure can improve the accuracy of using this method to estimate concrete strength.
The procedure for a rebound hammer test on concrete structures involves first calibrating the hammer on a steel test anvil. Then, the hammer is held at right angles to the concrete surface to take readings either horizontally on vertical surfaces or vertically on horizontal surfaces. Multiple readings are taken at each point and averaged. The rebound number indicates the compressive strength of the concrete to a limited depth from the surface, though many factors can influence the results. Correlating rebound numbers to compressive strength tests on cores from the structure can improve the accuracy of using this method to estimate concrete strength.
The procedure for a rebound hammer test on concrete structures involves first calibrating the hammer on a steel test anvil. Then, the hammer is held at right angles to the concrete surface to take readings either horizontally on vertical surfaces or vertically on horizontal surfaces. Multiple readings are taken at each point and averaged. The rebound number indicates the compressive strength of the concrete to a limited depth from the surface, though many factors can influence the results. Correlating rebound numbers to compressive strength tests on cores from the structure can improve the accuracy of using this method to estimate concrete strength.
The procedure for a rebound hammer test on concrete structures involves first calibrating the hammer on a steel test anvil. Then, the hammer is held at right angles to the concrete surface to take readings either horizontally on vertical surfaces or vertically on horizontal surfaces. Multiple readings are taken at each point and averaged. The rebound number indicates the compressive strength of the concrete to a limited depth from the surface, though many factors can influence the results. Correlating rebound numbers to compressive strength tests on cores from the structure can improve the accuracy of using this method to estimate concrete strength.
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Procedure for Rebound Hammer Test
Procedure for rebound hammer test on concrete structure starts with
calibration of the rebound hammer. For this, the rebound hammer is tested against the test anvil made of steel having Brinell hardness number of about 5000 N/mm2. After the rebound hammer is tested for accuracy on the test anvil, the rebound hammer is held at right angles to the surface of the concrete structure for taking the readings. The test thus can be conducted horizontally on vertical surface and vertically upwards or downwards on horizontal surfaces as shown in figure below If the rebound hammer is held at intermediate angle, the rebound number will be different for the same concrete.
Fig.2.Rebound Hammer Positions for Testing Concrete Structure
Points to Remember in Rebound Hammer Test
1. The concrete surface should be smooth, clean and dry.
2. Ant loose particles should be rubbed off from the concrete surface with a grinding wheel or stone, before hammer testing. 3. Rebound hammer test should not be conducted on rough surfaces as a result of incomplete compaction, loss of grout, spalled or tooled concrete surface. 4. The point of impact of rebound hammer on concrete surface should be at least 20mm away from edge or shape discontinuity. 5. Six readings of rebound number is taken at each point of testing and an average of value of the readings is taken as rebound index for the corresponding point of observation on concrete surface.
Interpretation of Rebound Hammer Test Results
After obtaining the correlation between compressive strength and rebound number, the strength of structure can be assessed. In general, the rebound number increases as the strength increases and is also affected by a number of parameters i.e. type of cement, type of aggregate, surface condition and moisture content of the concrete, curing and age of concrete, carbonation of
concrete surface etc.
Fig.3.Relationship Between Cube Strength and the Rebound
Number
Moreover the rebound index is indicative of compressive strength of concrete
up to a limited depth from the surface. The internal cracks, flaws etc. or heterogeneity across the cross section will not be indicated by rebound numbers. Table-2 below shows the quality of concrete for respective average rebound number. Table.2. Quality of Concrete for different values of rebound number
As such the estimation of strength of concrete by rebound hammer method
cannot be held to be very accurate and probable accuracy of prediction of concrete strength in a structure is ± 25 percent. If the relationship between rebound index and compressive strength can be found by tests on core samples obtained from the structure or standard specimens made with the same concrete materials and mix proportion, then the accuracy of results and confidence thereon gets greatly increased.