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    Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Raj
    This document provides formulas for coordinate systems and vector derivatives in rectangular (Cartesian), spherical, and cylindrical coordinates. It defines coordinate relations, line and volume elements, gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian operators for each system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Raj
    5 views2 pages
    This document provides formulas for coordinate systems and vector derivatives in rectangular (Cartesian), spherical, and cylindrical coordinates. It defines coordinate relations, line and volume elements, gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian operators for each system.

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    This document provides formulas for coordinate systems and vector derivatives in rectangular (Cartesian), spherical, and cylindrical coordinates. It defines coordinate relations, line and volume elements, gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian operators for each system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views2 pages

    Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Raj
    This document provides formulas for coordinate systems and vector derivatives in rectangular (Cartesian), spherical, and cylindrical coordinates. It defines coordinate relations, line and volume elements, gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian operators for each system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Coordinate Systems and Vector Derivatives Formula Sheet

    Rectangular (Cartesian) Coordinates (x, y, z)

    Line element: d~` = x̂ dx + ŷ dy + ẑ dz

    Volume element: dτ = dx dy dz

    Gradient: ~ = ∂f x̂ + ∂f ŷ + ∂f ẑ
    ∇f
    ∂x ∂y ∂z

    Divergence: ~ · ~v = ∂vx + ∂vy + ∂vz


    ∇
    ∂x ∂y ∂z
    ∂vz ∂vy ∂vx ∂vz ∂vy ∂vx
    µ ¶ µ ¶ µ ¶
    Curl: ~ × ~v =
    ∇ − x̂ + − ŷ + − ẑ
    ∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x ∂x ∂y

    ∂2f ∂2f ∂2f


    Laplacian: ∇2 f = + +
    ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2

    Spherical Coordinates (r, θ, φ)

    Relations to rectangular (Cartesian) coordinates and unit vectors:


    x = r sin θ cos φ x̂ = r̂ sin θ cos φ + θ̂ cos θ cos φ − φ̂ sin φ
    y = r sin θ sin φ ŷ = r̂ sin θ sin φ + θ̂ cos θ sin φ + φ̂ cos φ
    z = r cos θ ẑ = r̂ cos θ − θ̂ sin θ
    p
    r = x2 +p y2 + z2 r̂ = x̂ sin θ cos φ + ŷ sin θ sin φ + ẑ cos θ
    θ = tan−1 ( x2 + y 2 /z) θ̂ = x̂ cos θ cos φ + ŷ cos θ sin φ − ẑ sin θ
    φ = tan−1 (y/x) φ̂ = −x̂ sin φ + ŷ cos φ

    Line element: d~` = r̂ dr + θ̂ r dθ + φ̂ r sin θ dφ

    Volume element: dτ = r 2 sin θ dr dθ dφ

    Gradient: ~ = ∂f r̂ + 1 ∂f θ̂ + 1 ∂f φ̂
    ∇f
    ∂r r ∂θ r sin θ ∂φ

    ~ · ~v = 1 ∂ (r2 vr ) + 1 ∂ 1 ∂vφ
    Divergence: ∇ 2
    (sin θ vθ ) +
    r ∂r r sin θ ∂θ r sin θ ∂φ
    1 ∂ ∂vθ 1 1 ∂vr ∂
    · ¸ · ¸
    Curl: ~ × ~v =
    ∇ (sin θ vφ ) − r̂ + − (r vφ ) θ̂
    r sin θ ∂θ ∂φ r sin θ ∂φ ∂r
    1 ∂ ∂vr
    · ¸
    + (r vθ ) − φ̂
    r ∂r ∂θ
    1 ∂2 1 ∂ ∂f 1 ∂2f
    µ ¶
    Laplacian: ∇2 f = 2
    (rf ) + 2 sin θ + 2
    r ∂r r sin θ ∂θ ∂θ r2 sin θ ∂φ2
    Cylindrical Coordinates (r, φ, z)

    Relations to rectangular (Cartesian) coordinates and unit vectors:

    x = r cos φ x̂ = r̂ cos φ − φ̂ sin φ


    y = r sin φ ŷ = r̂ sin φ + φ̂ cos φ
    z = z ẑ = ẑ
    p
    r = x2 + y 2 r̂ = x̂ cos φ + ŷ sin φ
    φ = tan−1 (y/x) φ̂ = −x̂ sin φ + ŷ cos φ
    z = z ẑ = ẑ

    Line element: d~` = r̂ dr + φ̂ r dφ + ẑ dz

    Volume element: dτ = r dr dφ dz

    Gradient: ~ = ∂f r̂ + 1 ∂f φ̂ + ∂f ẑ
    ∇f
    ∂r r ∂φ ∂z

    Divergence: ~ · ~v = 1 ∂ (rvr ) + 1 ∂vφ + ∂vz


    ∇
    r ∂r r ∂φ ∂z
    1 ∂vz ∂vφ ∂vr ∂vz 1 ∂ ∂vr
    · ¸ · ¸ · ¸
    Curl: ~ × ~v =
    ∇ − r̂ + − φ̂ + (rvφ ) − ẑ
    r ∂φ ∂z ∂z ∂r r ∂r ∂φ

    1 ∂ ∂f 1 ∂2f ∂2f
    µ ¶
    2
    Laplacian: ∇ f = r + +
    r ∂r ∂r r2 ∂φ2 ∂z 2

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