"Medical Resort and Hotel Design: Fostering Sustainability and Wellness in a

Tropical Sanctuary in the Philippines: Minimizing Carbon Footprint via the

Utilization of Local Materials and Techniques"

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Research Methods for Architecture 1

To be presented to

Ar. Gerelson Bernardino

Submitted By:
De Chavez, Michael Angelo, C.
ARCH4B

October 31, 2023

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The province of Mindanao is known for its pristine beauty, rich cultural heritage, and
the abundance of green spaces. Yet this paradise is in a tight juncture, with
environmental challenges particularly concerning carbon emission and sustainability. In
response to this pressing concern, this thesis embarks on a journey in establishing
sustainable and eco-environmental hotels in Mindanao, exemplifying how luxury and
environmental responsibility can harmoniously coexist.

The Philippines is a sought-after destination for enthusiasts. However, the rapid and
uncontrollable expansion of the tourism industry has contributed to environmental
degradation, including the escalating level of carbon emitted from construction for the
industry. This study acknowledges the necessity of a delicate balance between
economic benefits and safeguarding the nation’s natural and cultural treasures.

This thesis is dedicated to the development of a wellness resort and hotel in

Mindanao designed to minimize carbon footprint while exemplifying luxury and
environmental responsibility. This endeavor centers on the utilization of locally sourced
materials and eco-friendly building techniques that both protect the environment and
strengthen the community’s bond with the surroundings. The ultimate inspiration is to
present a blueprint for responsible, sustainable development in the realm of hospitality.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There is an urgent need for sustainable development due to the escalating
carbon emission and the rapid and inevitable growth of the tourism industry, while
Mindanao might be facing environmental challenges and negative stigma because of
its history, it also holds a rich potential, including untouched natural beauty and a
vibrant cultural heritage. This research seeks to establish a model that balances
economic benefits with environmental preservation and harness the natural healing
power of our environment.
 THEORETICAL OR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Thesis Problem Data information Sustainable methods

Formulation Analysis for industry
Inadequate Significant gap in improvements
environmental environmental
awareness within the consciousness within
expanding construction, Mindanao's growing Environmental
tourism, and hospitality construction, tourism, and
industry in Mindanao, hospitality sector. This impact reduction
leading to adverse deficiency is manifesting in strategies.
environmental notable negative impacts
consequences. on the environment,
underscoring the urgency Sustainable practice
Gathering of for enhanced sustainability guidelines.
necessary documents practices and awareness
within the industry.
Analysis of related
Architectural Design
studies Defining Goals and
Site selection and site Solution
Objectives
visit

Site Analysis Conclusion and

Recommendation of
the study
Demographic Data
Analysis

INPUT THROUGHPUT OUTPUT

Table 1: Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for this thesis is centered around the critical
problem of inadequate environmental awareness in Mindanao's construction,
tourism, and hospitality industry, resulting in adverse environmental impacts. The
study progresses through several key phases: preliminary research and problem
identification, site evaluation and data collection, problem elaboration involving goal
setting and demographic analysis, developing sustainable solutions, including
methods and guidelines for industry improvement, and finally, implementation
through architectural design. The study concludes with recommendations aimed at
enhancing environmental consciousness and sustainability practices within the
industry, emphasizing the need for immediate action to mitigate environmental
harm.
 CHAPTER II

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The primary problem addressed by this research is the compelling need to

transform the Mindanao province into a model of sustainability and prosperity. The
goal is to demonstrate that sustainable practices can harmonize with economic growth
and enhance community well-being, providing an environment for healing. This
transformation involves three key aspects:

1. Mitigating Environmental Degradation: Addressing the pressing

environmental challenges by reducing carbon emissions and fostering
sustainability in the region. This includes giving tourists the peace of mind that
they are not only healing themselves but also the environment, turning them
into instruments of responsible tourism and economic movements that protect
the environment.
2. Enhancing Local Engagement: Actively involving local communities in the
sustainable development process, ensuring economic benefits circulate locally
and thereby enhancing community well-being.
3. Fostering Eco-conscious Tourism: Promoting and implementing practices
that align with eco-conscious tourism, safeguarding the natural and cultural
heritage while attracting responsible and sustainable travelers who actively
contribute to environmental protection.

Components of the Solution:

To address this primary problem and provide an environment for healing, the
research will investigate and implement the following key components:
1. Utilization of Indigenous and Local Materials: Exploring the incorporation of
indigenous and locally abundant materials in construction and infrastructure
development, reducing the carbon footprint associated with long-distance
logistics.
2. Sustainable Architectural Techniques: Examining traditional and modern
sustainable building techniques suitable for a hot climate, focusing on energy-
 efficient methods and environmentally friendly designs, thus encouraging
tourists to engage in responsible travel.
3. Community Engagement and Education: Involving local communities in the
development and operation of the sustainable sanctuary and implementing
educational programs to promote sustainability awareness, fostering community
well-being and encouraging tourists to be part of this process.
4. Strategies to Reduce the Carbon Footprint: Implementing renewable energy
sources, energy-efficient technologies, and promoting eco-friendly
transportation options to minimize carbon emissions. This encourages tourists
to be responsible in their travel choices.
5. Measuring Impact: Employing various metrics to assess the effectiveness of
sustainability efforts, including reduced carbon emissions, increased use of
local resources, improved community well-being, and enhanced visitor
experiences. These measures serve to highlight the positive influence of
responsible tourism.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Goal: The overarching goal of this research is to propose a transformative

architectural framework for the Mindanao province, demonstrating that sustainable
practices can harmonize with economic growth and enhance community well-being
while addressing pressing environmental challenges. This framework aims to foster
healing environments and engage both tourists and local communities in responsible
tourism and environmental protection.
Objectives:
1. Mitigating Environmental Degradation through Sustainable Architectural
Practices:
• Investigate and recommend architectural strategies and materials that
significantly reduce carbon emissions associated with construction.
• Develop guidelines for architects and builders to integrate eco-conscious
architectural elements into their designs.
• Measure the impact of sustainable architectural practices on reducing
 the environmental footprint in Mindanao.
2. Enhancing Local Engagement and Architectural Involvement:
• Promote community participation in architectural design and decision-
making processes.
• Implement architectural initiatives that stimulate economic growth and
job creation within local communities.
• Foster architectural education and awareness programs among
residents, allowing them to actively contribute to responsible tourism and
sustainable architectural development.
3. Fostering Eco-conscious Tourism through Architectural Design:
• Investigate architectural and urban planning techniques that align with
eco-conscious tourism principles and preserve natural and cultural
heritage.
• Design and recommend architectural solutions that attract responsible
and sustainable travelers.
• Showcase how architectural design can make Mindanao an
environmentally responsible and culturally rich destination.
4. Utilization of Indigenous and Local Materials in Architecture:
• Explore architectural design options that prioritize the use of indigenous
and locally abundant materials, thereby reducing the carbon footprint
linked to material transportation.
• Create architectural guidelines that encourage architects to incorporate
these materials into their projects.
• Evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of utilizing local
materials in architecture.
5. Promotion of Sustainable Architectural Techniques:
• Investigate architectural practices suitable for a hot climate that focus on
energy efficiency and environmental friendliness.
• Develop architectural recommendations for environmentally sustainable
designs, which can inspire responsible travel.
• Evaluate the adoption of sustainable architectural techniques in
construction projects.
6. Architectural Community Engagement and Education:
• Propose architectural strategies that engage local communities in the
planning and development of architectural projects.
• Develop architectural education programs that raise awareness of
sustainable architectural practices among community members.
• Assess the impact of architectural community engagement on
community well-being and empowerment.
7. Strategies to Reduce the Carbon Footprint through Architectural Design:
• Recommend architectural solutions that incorporate renewable energy
sources, energy-efficient technologies, and eco-friendly transportation
options.
• Encourage tourists to make responsible architectural choices that reduce
their carbon footprint.
• Measure the effectiveness of architectural strategies in minimizing
carbon emissions related to tourism and construction.
8. Measuring Architectural Impact and Effectiveness:
• Establish architectural metrics for evaluating the impact of sustainable
architectural practices on carbon emissions, local resource use,
community well-being, and visitor experiences.
• Create an architectural framework for assessing the positive influence of
sustainable architectural designs in the Mindanao region.
 CHAPTER III

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Carbon Footprint and Environmental Degradation

The carbon footprint, representing the greenhouse gas emissions associated
with human activities, has become a critical focus in the context of environmental
degradation (IPCC, 2021). The rapid industrialization and urbanization processes
contribute to the degradation of natural resources, ecosystems, and air quality
(Gössling et al., 2012). It is crucial to mitigate these impacts to ensure a sustainable
future for our planet.

Economic and Cultural Impact

Mitigating environmental degradation is not just an ecological concern but also
significantly influences the economic and cultural dimensions of a region. A heavy
carbon footprint can lead to economic losses, for instance, due to the adverse effects
of climate change on agriculture and infrastructure (Stern, 2007). Furthermore,
environmental degradation can erode the cultural heritage and traditional practices of
indigenous communities (UNESCO, 2010).

Enhancing Local Engagement and Utilization of Indigenous Materials

To address these challenges, fostering local engagement is paramount.
Engaging local communities in sustainable development projects not only empowers
them but also ensures that indigenous knowledge and local materials are effectively
utilized (Reed et al., 2019). The use of locally-sourced materials helps reduce the
carbon footprint associated with transportation (Sobek, 2019).

Sustainable Architectural Building Techniques

Sustainable architectural building techniques play a crucial role in reducing the
carbon footprint. Strategies like passive solar design, green roofs, and efficient
insulation can significantly lower energy consumption in buildings, thus mitigating
carbon emissions (Gissen, 2012).
Strategies to Reduce the Carbon Footprint in Construction
Reducing the carbon footprint in construction involves adopting various
strategies. These include energy-efficient construction methods, minimizing waste,
reusing materials, and using low-carbon or carbon-neutral construction materials (Jin
& Li, 2017). The choice of construction methods and materials has a direct impact on
emissions.

Local Materials for Low Carbon Footprint

The utilization of local materials is a key strategy for lowering the carbon
footprint. By using indigenous and locally-sourced materials, construction projects can
reduce emissions related to transportation (Al-Sari, 2018). However, it's essential to
balance local sourcing with sustainability to ensure minimal environmental impact.

Mitigating the carbon footprint and addressing environmental degradation

require a multi-faceted approach. This includes strategies to engage local
communities, utilize indigenous materials, and adopt sustainable architectural building
techniques. These practices not only contribute to reduced emissions but also have
economic and cultural implications for regions facing environmental challenges.

CASE STUDY
Location Description
West 35 Eco Mountain Resort is perched majestically atop the picturesque
mountains of Balamban town in the province of Cebu, situated within the Visayas
region of the Philippines. This seaside province is renowned for its diverse attractions,
including pristine white sandy beaches and historical landmarks, all of which are
complemented by the lush and scenic mountainous terrain surrounding West 35 Eco
Mountain Resort. The location provides an enchanting blend of natural beauty and
cultural heritage, making it an ideal setting for an eco-tourism resort.
Master Plan and Features:
The West 35 Eco Mountain Resort in Cebu, Philippines, boasts a master plan
enriched with features promoting sustainability and eco-conscious tourism. Notably,
the resort's commitment to sustainable farming is evident through its on-site vegetable
farm, cultivating organic produce that finds its way into the restaurant's farm-to-table
dining experience. Architectural ingenuity takes center stage with strategically
positioned panoramic viewing decks offering guests awe-inspiring 360-degree vistas
of the lush mountains and forests. Adventure enthusiasts can enjoy zipline
experiences, soaring above the canopies and fostering eco-conscious tourism. With its
spacious accommodations designed for up to nine people, the resort caters to
families, large groups, and nature enthusiasts, ensuring a comfortable and immersive
stay in harmony with the environment.

Applicability to Research
The West 35 Eco Mountain Resort offers a compelling case study for research
in sustainable architectural practices and eco-tourism development. It aligns perfectly
with the goals of promoting environmental preservation, community well-being, and
responsible tourism. Notable aspects from the resort's design that hold significant
applicability to research include sustainable farming practices and their integration into
architectural plans to promote sustainability and enhance the culinary experience.
Additionally, the architectural impact of panoramic viewing decks in fostering
environmental appreciation and responsible tourism can be assessed. The study can
also explore the architectural design and safety considerations of adventure facilities
such as ziplines to encourage eco-conscious tourism. Finally, research can delve into
architectural approaches for creating accommodations that cater to larger groups,
thereby enhancing community engagement and local economic growth while
assessing their impact on tourists and local communities. The resort serves as a
practical model for the integration of these elements in eco-conscious architectural
design.
The West 35 Eco Mountain Resort serves as a real-world example of
sustainable architectural and eco-tourism practices, providing valuable insights for
research aimed at harmonizing environmental preservation, economic development,
and community well-being.
 CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study employs a Mixed-Methods Research Approach, combining both
Quantitative and Qualitative Research Designs to comprehensively explore low carbon
footprint construction methods in Mindanao, gathering quantitative data for statistical
analysis and qualitative data for in-depth understanding.

Participants: The study includes a diverse range of participants involved in the

construction industry and related activities, such as architects, engineers,
contractors, government officials, environmental organizations, local community
representatives, construction workers, material suppliers, academics, case
study projects, regulatory bodies, business owners, and energy experts.
Quantitative Research Design: The objective is to assess the extent and
effectiveness of low carbon construction practices in Mindanao. Data collection
methods include surveys, quantitative questionnaires, and secondary data
collection from government agencies, environmental reports, and industry
statistics.
Qualitative Research Design: The objective is to gain an in-depth
understanding of the socio-economic, environmental, and technological aspects
of low carbon construction. Data collection methods involve in-depth interviews,
focus group discussions, site visits, and document analysis.
Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Data: Both types of data are
analyzed separately and then triangulated to provide a comprehensive
understanding of low carbon construction in Mindanao, enhancing the study's
validity and reliability.

Research Procedures
Data collection includes surveys, interviews, site visits, questionnaires, and
document gathering. Data analysis encompasses statistical analysis of quantitative data
using software like SPSS and thematic analysis of qualitative data. The researchers
integrate the findings to establish a holistic understanding, draw conclusions, and make
recommendations for sustainable construction practices in Mindanao. The final
research report documents the process, findings, and recommendations.

Ethical Considerations:
The research adheres to ethical principles, ensuring informed consent,
confidentiality, and respect for participants' rights throughout the data collection
process.
Limitations
Potential limitations may include data availability, sample size, and self-reported
data biases. Adopting a mixed-methods research design allows for a comprehensive
examination of low carbon footprint construction in Mindanao, combining quantitative
assessment with qualitative insights into underlying factors and challenges.
This chapter describes and analyzes the process the researchers employed to gather the
necessary data. It offers details on the study's participants, major objectives, data
collection methods, and tools.

Research Design

This methodology outlines the systematic approach to collect and analyze data
from various sources to address the research questions and objectives. It combines
qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
need for the proposed naval facility in the South China Sea, focusing on the
Philippines' perspective.
 CHAPTER V

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

Criteria Description

Natural Beauty The site should be situated in an area of

natural beauty, such as a coastal location,
forested area, or near natural landmarks, to
enhance the overall guest experience.

Accessibility The location should be easily accessible for

both domestic and international tourists, with
nearby transportation options, including
airports or major roadways.

Environmental Impact The site should be selected to minimize

negative impacts on the environment, with
careful consideration of ecosystems and
habitats.

Infrastructure Adequate infrastructure, including utilities,

road access, and local services, should be
available to support the construction and
operation of the resort hotel.

Proximity to The site should be within reasonable proximity

Amenities to local amenities, such as restaurants, shops,
and recreational activities, to provide
convenience for guests.

Industry Engagement Proximity to acoustics-related industries for

collaboration

and technology transfer.

 Cultural and The location should have cultural and
Historical historical significance, to engage local culture
Significance and heritage.

Safety and Security The site should be in a safe and secure area,
with low crime rates and a stable political
environment, ensuring the well-being of
guests and staff.

Sustainability Consideration of sustainable practices, such

as renewable energy sources, waste
management, and responsible water usage,
should be possible at the chosen site.

Market Demand The site should align with market demand,

ensuring that there is a sufficient customer
base interested in the resort's offerings.

Competitor Analysis Assess the presence of competitors in the

vicinity and the uniqueness of the resort's
offerings to stand out in the market

Zoning and Compliance with local zoning and regulatory

Regulations requirements is essential for legal and
operational purposes.

Table 1. Site selection Criteria

Potential Site

Site A- Island Garden City of Samal, Davao City, Mindanao

The Island Garden City of Samal (IGaCoS), nestled in the Davao Gulf just a
short boat ride from Davao City, is an idyllic destination poised for a resort hotel
development. Samal Island's allure lies in its unspoiled natural beauty, pristine
beaches, and lush forests, making it a haven for nature enthusiasts and
beachgoers. Accessibility is a breeze, with ferry terminals connecting to Davao
City and an international airport nearby. Samal's commitment to environmental
preservation offers an opportunity for a sustainable, eco-friendly resort hotel. The
island's array of attractions, safety, and friendly community enhance its appeal.
Moreover, collaborating with the local population contributes to the region's
prosperity. Samal Island harmoniously combines nature, accessibility, and
sustainability, making it an ideal choice for a resort hotel that caters to those
seeking an island paradise while respecting and preserving the environment.

Site B- Balabac, Palawan

Site B – Siargao Island, Surigao del Norte, Philippines

Siargao Island in Surigao del Norte, Philippines, is a renowned tropical

paradise, famous for its surfing culture, natural wonders, and warm communities.
Accessible through domestic flights and ferries, the island offers diverse
experiences, from pristine beaches to thrilling water sports. Siargao promotes
sustainable tourism, aligning with principles of responsible travel. It's a safe and
peaceful destination. A resort hotel on Siargao Island presents a unique
opportunity to create a harmonious blend of a tropical getaway, adventure, and
community engagement while preserving the island's natural beauty and ethos.

Site C - Sta. Catalina, Zamboanga City, Mindanao, Philippines

Sta. Catalina in Zamboanga City, Philippines, offers an intriguing

location for a resort hotel. Rich in cultural diversity, historical significance, and
scenic waterfront views along the Zamboanga Peninsula, it's an ideal setting for
a beachfront resort. The city's unique cuisine, lively fiestas, natural wonders,
and accessibility through Zamboanga International Airport provide diverse
experiences for travelers. The welcoming community and a focus on
sustainable tourism make it a promising destination for a resort hotel, offering a
memorable stay immersed in culture, history, and natural beauty.
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