A MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

on
[TOPIC OF THE PROJECT]

SUBMITTED AS A PART OF

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY:

NAME :

UNIVERSITY ROLL NO.

(s):

SEMESTER:

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUEST INFOSYS FOUNDATION GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, JHANJERI
Feb-May, 2023
 QUEST INFOSYS FOUNDATION GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, JHANJERI

CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION

I/We hereby certify that the work which is presented in the report, entitled “TOPIC OF THE

PROJECT” in fulfillment of requirement of the degree in I.K.G. Punjab Technical University,

Kapurthala, Punjab, India is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from

_________ to _____________ under the supervision of ______________, (Designation), Department

of Mechanical Engineering,. The matter embodied in the report has not been submitted by me for the

award of any other degree of this or any other University/Institute.

Name of Candidate

University Roll No.:

The Project Viva-Voce examination of _____________________has been held

on______________________ and is accepted/rejected.

Sign.of Guide

Signature of Internal Examiner Sign. of External Examiner

Abstract
Acknowledgement
 CONTENTS
Topic Page No.

Candidate’s Declaration i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
List of Figures iv
List of Tables v
Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations vi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION(s) 1-19
1.1 1
1.2 4
1.3 7
1.4 14
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 20-
(This chapter should include the review of the literature)
2.1 20
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTATION 30-
(This chapter should include major project problem, objectives and methodology followed)
3.1 30
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION(This chapter should include any results and the related
discussions for the projects made during training. If no project has been made the results and snapshots for
the tools learnt should be included)
4.1
4.2
4.3
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE -
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Future Scope
REFERENCES
APPENDIX (Program or any additional information regarding project)

(Note: Page No. s for different topics in report may vary according to the contents. Headings
within the chapters should be numbered as 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and so on for chapter 1. Similarly as
2.1,2.2, 2.3 and so on for chapter 2. The corresponding subheadings as 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3 and so
on.)
 List of Figures

Fig. No Title Page No.

1.1
1.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
 List of Tables

Table Title Page No

No
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
 GUIDELINES

1. The report shall be computer typed (English- British, Font -Times Roman, Size-12 point, Double

spacing between lines) and printed on A4 size paper.

2. The report shall be hard bound with cover page in BLACK COLOR. The name of the candidate,

degree, session of training, college name shall be printed in GOLDEN COLOR on the cover

[refer sample sheet (title page/front page)].

3. The report shall be typed on one side only with double space with a margin 3.5 cm on the left, 2.5

cm on the top, and 1.25 cm on the right and at bottom.

4. In the report, the title page [Refer sample sheet (title Page/front page)] should be given first

then the Certificate by Company/Industry/Institute and then candidate’s declaration,

followed by an abstract of the report (not exceeding one page). This should be followed by

the acknowledgment, list of figures/list of tables, notations/nomenclature, and then table of

contents with page nos.

5. The diagrams should be printed on a light/white background, Tabular matter should be clearly

arranged and the font of the Tabular matter should be Font -Times Roman, Size-10 point, Single

spacing between lines. Decimal point may be indicated by full stop(.). The caption for figure must

be given at the BOTTOM (center aligned) of the figure and Caption for the Table must be given at

the TOP (center aligned) of the Table. The font for the captions should be Times Roman, Italics,

Size-10 point.

6. The font for the chapter titles should be Times Roman, Bold, Capital, Size-16 point and center

aligned. The font for the Headings should be Times Roman, Bold, and Size-14 point. The font for

the sub- headings should be Times Roman, Bold, and Size-12 point.

7. Equations should be numbered as 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 etc in chapter 1. Similarly as 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 etc in

chapter 2 and so on.

8. Figures should be numbered as Figure1.1, Figure 1.2, Figure 1.3 etc in chapter 1. Similarly as
 Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2, Figure 2.3 etc in chapter 2 and so on.

9. Tables should be numbered as Table 1.1, Table 1.2, Table 1.3 etc in chapter 1. Similarly as Table

2.1, Table 2.2, Table 2.3 etc in chapter 2 and so on.

10. The graphs (optional) should be combined for the same parameters for proper comparison.

Single graph should be avoided as far as possible.

11. The training report may consist of chapters as mentioned in table of content:

12. References (For style of references follow the instructions attached)

13. Appendix (Any additional information regarding training, (If any) e.g. program, is supposed to

be included in appendix )

14. Paste a CD containing the soft copy of Report (in Docx and PDF), Reference papers and

other material (if any,) related to the work, on the inner side of back hard cover.

15. Each student must have his/her own one report copy irrespective the project work has been done

in a group.

Reference Style

Citation standards in this reference are provided for:

 Books
 Conference Technical Articles/Papers
 Periodicals (Journals/ Transaction/Magazines/Letters)
 Reports
 Online sources
 Patents, Standards, Thesis (M.S.) and Dissertations (Ph.D.)

NOTE: For two authors use style [J. K. Author and A. N. Writer] and
For three or more authors: [separate author names by comma and also use word „and‟ before the name of last
author e.g. : J. K. Author, R. Cogdell, R. E. Haskell, and A. N. Writer]

Books
Basic Format:
 [1] J. K. Author, Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year.

Examples:
[1] B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press, 1986.
[2] L. Stein, Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed. New York, USA: Wiley, 1994.
[3] M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Applied Mathematics Series 55).
Washington, DC, USA: NBS, 1964.

Conference Technical Articles/Papers

Basic Format:
[1] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” Unabbreviated Name of Conference, City of Conference, Country, year, pp. xxx-
xxx.

Example:
[1] H. Chen, S. C. Laroiya, and M. Adithan, “Precision Machining of Advanced Ceremics” International
Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Technology (ICMAT - 94), Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 1994, pp. 203-210.
Reports:
The general form for citing technical reports is to place the name and location of the company or institution after the
author and title and to give the report number and date at the end of the reference.
Basic Format:
[1] J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Name of Company, City of Company, Country, Report No., xxx, year.
Examples:
[1] E. E. Reber “Oxygen absorption in the earth‟s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, USA, Tech.
Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov., 1988.

Online Sources
FTP
Basic Format:
[1] J. K. Author. (year). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available FTP: Directory: File:
Example:
[1] R. J. Vidmar. (1994). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as electromagnetic reflectors [Online]. Available
FTP:atmnext.usc.edu Directory: pub/etext/1994 File: atmosplasma.txt

WWW
Basic Format:
[1] J. K. Author. (year, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available: http://www.(URL)
Example:
[1] J. Jones. (1991, May 10). Networks (2nd ed.) [Online]. Available: http://www.atm.com

Patents, Standards, Thesis (M.S.) and Dissertations (Ph.D.)

Patents
Basic Format:
[1] J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.
Example:
[1] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, July 16, 1990.
NOTE: Use “issued date” if several dates are given.

Standards
Basic Format:
[1] Title of Standard, Standard number,
date. Examples:
[1] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
[2] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.

Thesis (Master) and Dissertations (Ph.D.)

Basic Format:
[1] J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Country, year.
[2] J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Country,
year.
Examples:
[1] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA,
1993.
[2] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical non equilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept.
Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.

References in Text
References in Text:
References are needed be cited in the text and they should appear on the line, in square inside the punctuation.
Grammatically, they may be treated as if they were footnote numbers, e.g.,
as shown by Brown [4], [5]; as mentioned earlier [2], [4]–[7], [9]; Smith [4] and Brown and Jones [5]; Wood et
al. [7]
or as nouns:
as demonstrated in [3]; according to [4] and [6]–[9].

NOTE: Use et al. when three or more names are given.

Reference List Style

Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference.
The reference numbers are on the line, enclosed in square brackets. In all references, the given name of the author or
editor is abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last name. There must be only one reference with each number.

[1] R. E. Kalman, “New results in linear filtering and prediction theory,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 83,
no. 5, pp. 95-108, Mar. 1961.
[2] Ye. V. Lavrova, “Geographic distribution of ionospheric disturbances in the F2 layer,” Applied Soft Computing,
vol. 19, no. 29, pp. 31–43, Feb. 1961.

[3] E. P. Wigner, “On a modification of the Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory,” (in German), International
Journal of Computational Intelligence Studies, vol. 53, p. 475, Sep. 1935.
[4] W. Rafferty, “Ground antennas in NASA‟s deep space telecommunications,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas
and Propagation, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 636-640, May 1994.

Important: Editing of references may entail careful renumbering of references, as well as the citations in text.
 SAMPLE LITERATURE REVIEW

This section includes the review of the literature related to the properties, mechanical behavior and
applications of ferritic stainless steel AISI409.

Tadepalli et al. (2020) [96] studied about the FSS and mentioned that the research on the FSS has been
increasing day by day as functional material to be utilized in various applications such as heat
exchangers, automobile industry, structural material etc. due to their high resistance to stress corrosion
cracking.

Gao et al. (2020) [97] mentioned that the FSS can be used as a substitute to chromium nickel based
austenitic stainless steel for applications like heat exchanger shell and boiler exhaust due to its stress
corrosion cracking resistance and low cost.

Kose et al. (2019) [98] mentioned that the FSS has been widely used in applications such as heat
exchanger, refinery equipment, solar water heater , automotive industry etc. However, the non-occurrence
of any interphase during the solidification, grain coarsening and fully ferrite structure limited the use for
the applications that requires welding.

Cashel and Baddoo (2014) [94] described in detail about the ferritic stainless steel, its essential
requirements and recent research for use in structural applications. Authors mentioned that the
mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of FSS make them a candidate material in wide range of
application. However, it suffers from degradation in impact toughness at cryogenic temperatures.