Introduction to Computer Maintenance

1.1 Hardware- the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer system.
A. Major hardware components of a computer system
The following list represents a basic set of hardware found in most PCs.
1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the
following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots
and Cards.

Figure 1.

Tower Type
System Unit

2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It

contains all the circuits and components that
run the computer.

Figure 2. Modern Motherboard

3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer
system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the
flow of information through a computer.

Figure 3. Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)

4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's working
storage space that holds data, instructions for processing and processed data (information)
waiting to be sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM
chips.

Two (2) Types of Memory

a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the
power is ON or OFF.

b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the
power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.
 Figure 4. Examples of RAM

5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components inside or
outside a computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the
CPU with other important hardware.

Figure 5. Expansion Bus

6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards. They
are often used to permit upgrading to a new different hardware.

Figure 6. Adapter (Network Adapter)

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back

corner of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It
converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in
the PC.

Figure 7. Power supply

8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that is
installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a
Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and applications.

Figure 8. hard drive

9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical
media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
 Figure 9. CD ROM

10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data stored on a DVD. A laser
moves back and forth near the disk surface and accesses
data at a very fast rate.

Figure 10. CD ROM

B. Input Devices - Accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer
system.

Two (2) Types of Input Devices

1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.

Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is transferred to the PC
over a short cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that plugs into the back of the
motherboard.
 Figure 11. Keyboard

2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by someone sitting at a
keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or
feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.

Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen.

• Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons and
most have one or two scroll wheels.

Figure 12. Mouse

• Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus. Used in
myriad applications, including ATM machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation
and industrial controls. The touch screen became wildly popular for smart
phones and tablets.

Figure 13. Touch Screen Devices

• Light Pen - A light- sensitive

stylus wired to a video
 terminal used to draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings the pen to the desired
point on screen and presses the pen button to make contact.

Figure 14. Light Pen

• Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images or tracing old
ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user
contacts the surface of the device with a wired or

"tablet cursor."

wireless pen or puck.

Often mistakenly
called a mouse, the puck is
officially the

Figure 15. Digitizer Tablet

2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translates
the information into a form the computer can use.

Figure 16. Image scanner

Figure 17. Bar Code Reader

3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice recognition
systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for processing, recording, or
carrying out commands. Audio input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to the
computer in order to record a voice message or navigate software.

Figure 18. Microphones

C. Output Devices - Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the computer
has processed the input data that has been entered.

1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics.
The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen or video display
terminal.
Types of Monitor

a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for use with
desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

Figure 19. Cathode Ray Tube Monitor

some time. It has recently been

made commercially
available as monitors for
desktop PCs.
b. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in laptops for
Figure 20. Liquid Crystal Display Monitor

c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology used in almost
every electrical and electronic product on the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital
readouts, flashlights,

traffic lights and perimeter

lighting.

Figure 21. Light Emitting Diode Monitor

2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material

with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric
current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align
so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal,
therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass
through or blocking the light. Figure 22. LCD Projector

3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel covering
the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.

Figure 23. Smart Board

4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Types of printer

• Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - sprays ink at a sheet of

paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.

Figure 24. Ink- Jet Printer

• Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines.

Laser printers produce very high quality text and graphics.

Figure 25. Laser Printer

• LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses

liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to
produce an image on the drum.
Figure 26. LCD Printer

• Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line at one time.
Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality
print.

Figure 27. Line Printer

• Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against
heatsensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.

Figure 28. Thermal Printer

5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with
cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.

D. Ports - External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This is a pathway into and
out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and
printers.

Table 1. The Ports and their function

Type of Port Function Illustration
Serial Port Intended for serial type mouse
and older camera

Parallel Port Also called as printer port. This is

only for old model printer. It has
25 pins. It is a female port.

VGA (Video Used to connect monitors. It has

Graphic Array) Port 15 pins and it is a female port.

USB (Universal High speed serial interface that is

Serial Bus) Port used with almost all devices. It is
used to connect latest model
printers, pen drives, cell phones
etc. it has 4 pins.

PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed serial

connections commonly dedicated
to a keyboard and mouse.
Power Port Intended for power cord.

Type of Port Function Illustration

S-Video Port S-Video connections are available
on certain source components and
video display devices, and offer a
higher level of video performance
over composite video signals.

High Definition HDMI is a connector and cable

capable of transmitting
Multimedia
highquality and high-bandwidth
Interface, (HDMI) streams of audio and video
port between devices. The HDMI
technology is used with devices
such as an HDTV, Projector,
DVD player, or Blu-ray player.
The picture to the right is an
example of an HDMI cable.

Audio Port Intended for plugging in the

speaker or headset.

LAN (Local Area A physical interface often used

Networking) Port for terminating twisted pair type
cables used to connect computers
onto a local-area networks
(LAN), especially Ethernet RJ-45
connectors
E. Cables and Wires- A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and bonded,
twisted or braided together to form a single assembly, but can also refer to a heavy strong rope.

Table 2. The Cables and Connectors

Illustration Function
These jacks are intended for the
PS/2 port specifically for PS/2
type of keyboard and mouse.

This type of jack is intended for

the audio and microphone port.

Illustration Function
S-video jack is obviously for S-
Video port

This monitor jack is intended for

the VGA (Video Graphic Array)
port
This USB (Universal Serial Bus)
plug is intended for USB port.
Modern or new model of
peripherals like printer, camera,
scanners and even other portable
computer attachments used USB

type of plugs.

This printer cable jack is intended

for the parallel port.

RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for

"registered jack," since it is a
standardized networking
interface and the "45" simply
refers to the number of the
interface standard) is a type of
connector commonly used for
Ethernet networking.
 The HDMI standard was
developed by multiple
companies, including Hitachi,
Philips, Sony, and Toshiba. A
single HDMI cable replaces the
three composite audio/video
cables, making it easier to
connect two devices together for
transmitting audio and video
signals. HDMI is capable of
transmitting standard, enhanced,
and high-definition video signals,
as well as up to 8channels of
digital audio signals.

Power cord is the most important

cord because it connects the
computer to the main source of
electricity to make it functional.

1.2 Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the hardware to operate
effectively. Software can be split into two main types:

1. System Software – Any software required to support the production or execution of

application programs, but which is not specific to any particular application. Common
operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.
 LINUX
MAC

WINDOWS

2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related
tasks. Examples of application software are as follows:

a. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents. Example: MS
Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.

b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and columns is used

to present and analyze data. Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.

c. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large collection of

computer programs. Data is organized as fields and records for easy retrieval. Example: MS
Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.

d. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for easier
analysis and presentation. Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max,
Adobe Photoshop

1.3 People ware - Refers to people involved in the data

processing operations such as the system administrator, office
workers, students and others.

Process
Task 1: Performance Test

Direction: Given the different cables, identify their functions as well as the part of computer
system each one supports.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7.
8.

Reflect and Understand

1. Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from building up?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
2. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
3. Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a
screwdriver tightens screws?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
4. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
5. Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
6. Which tool is used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving
debris?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
7. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
8. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
9. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a
feature that is mainly found on laptop?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Torx screwdriver d. Wire cutter
10. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without
touching the components?
a. Anti-static mat c. Compressed air
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter

Lesson2: Use of Tools in PC Hardware Servicing

To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the
necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for
different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:

· Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

· Hand tools
· Cleaning tools
· Diagnostic tools

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

Static electricity - an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.
Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and
etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of
static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats
used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of
electrostatic electricity.
Examples of ESD Tools:

Anti-static wrist strap – Used to prevent ESD damage to

computer equipment.
 Figure 29. Anti- static wrist strap

Anti-static mat – Used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent

static electricity from building up.

Figure 30. Anti- static mat

Hand Tools

A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using
only hands. Hand tools can be used manually or electrically powered, using electrical current.
Examples of Hand Tools are as follows:

Table 3. Hand Tools

Tool Description

Flat Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.

Philips Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws.

 Torx Screwdriver - Used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like
depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop.

Hex Driver – Sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the
same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.

Needle-Nose Pliers – Used to hold small parts.

Tool Description

Wire Cutter – Used to strip and cut wires.

Tweezers – Used to manipulate small parts.

Part Retriever – Used to retrieve parts from location that is too small for
your hand to fit.
 Flashlight – Used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing
computers. Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during
cleaning. Examples:

Table 4. Cleaning Tools

Tools Description

Lint-free Cloth – Used to clean different computer components without

scratching or leaving debris.

Tools Description

Compressed Air – Used to blow away dust and debris from different
computer parts without touching the components.

Cable Ties – Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a

computer.

Parts Organizer – Used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small
parts and prevents them from getting mixed together.
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and
operating system update, but that does not mean they are problem-free. Here are the most
popular tools for diagnosing your computer problems:

Table 5. Diagnostic tools

Tools Description

Multimeter – Used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of

electricity in computer components.

Loopback Adapter – Used to test the functionality of computer ports.

Proper Use of ESD Tools

Proper Use of Antistatic Wrist Strap

1. Connect the cable to the metal chassis of the computer.
2. Wrap the strap around your wrist.
3. The connection will keep your body at the same voltage
(potential) as the computer.
4. Attach the wire on the same side of the equipment as the
arm wearing the antistatic wrist strap to keep the wire out of
the way while you are working.
Figure 31. Proper Use of Anti- static wrist strap

CAUTION: Never wear an antistatic wrist strap if you are repairing a monitor or CRT.
 Proper Use of Antistatic Mat
1. Lay the computer on the mat.
2. Connect the computer to the mat with the
cable.
3. Connect the mat to a reliable electrical
ground with its cable.
4. Now, you and the computer are at ground
potential.

Figure 32. Proper Use of Anti- static mat

Proper Use of Hand Tools

1. Use the proper type and size of screwdriver by matching it to the screw.
2. Do not over tighten screws because the threads may become stripped.

CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something may be

wrong.
CAUTION: Magnetized tools should not be used around electronic devices.
CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer because the pencil lead can act as a
conductor and may damage the computer components.

Proper Use of Cleaning Materials

To clean computers and accessories:

1. Use mild cleaning solution and lint-free cloth to clean computer cases, outside of
monitor, LCD screen, CRT screen and mouse.
2. Use compressed air to clean heat sinks.
3. Use Isopropyl alcohol and lint-free swabs to clean RAM.
4. Use hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment to clean a keyboard.
CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it
off and unplug the device from
the power source.

Process

Task 1: Name a Tool

Directions: Name the tools presented below. Write your answers on the space provided before
each tool.

8.
1.

9.
2.

3. 10.
4.
11.

5.
12.

6.
13.

7.
14.

Task 2: Performance test

Directions: Using the different available tools in the laboratory, you will segregate the tools
according to their classification whether it is an ESD tool, Hand tool, cleaning tool or a
diagnostic tool. You will be rated according to the scoring rubric below:
(Note: the teacher will provide the different tools)
Classification of Tools Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Score
Number of tools classified:
 20- 22 10

15- 19 8

10- 14 6

5-9 4

1-4 2

Reflect and Understand

1. Watch the video presentations on youtube using the following URL:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7M6_VeDhJE&feature=related

2. After watching the presentation, you must answer the following questions:
 What is your observation on the video being presented to you?
 What are the tools you are familiar with?
 Do you think those tools are essential in computer hardware servicing? Explain
your answer.

Transfer
Task 1: Clean it up!!
Direction: Complete the computer cleaning chart shown below. Indicate the appropriate tools to
be used in cleaning the different computer components.

COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:
Computer case
Mouse
Keyboard
Monitor
Speaker
Cooling fan
Heat sink

Task 2: Let’s do it!

Direction: Use the appropriate tools to do each of the following tasks. Safety precautions must
be observed while working.

1. Loosen computer casing screws.

2. Blow away dust from keyboard.
3. Tighten screws of a PC.
4. Bundle cables inside the computer.
5. Test functionality of the printer port.
Scoring Rubrics:
Task Was the tool used accurately?
Yes No
 1. Loosen computer casing screws
2. Blow away dust from keyboard
3. Tighten screws of a PC
4. Bundle cables inside the computer
5. Test functionality of the printer port

Note: Each YES for accurate use of tools will be equivalent to 2 points.
Total Score= Number of YES for accurate used of tools.

Know

Preliminary Activity:

Direction: Fill up the diagram below with the things you think will be harmful when doing a
hardware repair.

Lesson3: Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control

Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a planned system of working to prevent

illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health and
safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology industries.
You must identify the hazards where you are working and decide how dangerous they are.
Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that it presents.
There are three steps to manage health and safety at work: (1.) Spot the Hazard (Hazard
Identification), (2.) Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment) and (3.) Make the Changes (Risk
Control). You can use these three Think Safe steps to help prevent accidents at work
The Think Safe Steps
1. Spot the Hazard
A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else.
Examples of workplace hazards include:
• frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock)
• boxes stacked precariously (they could fall on someone)
• noisy machinery (could result in damage to your hearing)
During working hours, you must remain alert to anything that may be dangerous. If you see, hear
or smell anything odd, take note. If you think it could be a hazard, tell someone.

2. Assess the Risk

Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm someone
and how serious the harm could be.
Whenever you spot a hazard, assess the risk by asking yourself two questions:
· How likely is it that the hazard could harm me or someone else?
· How badly could I or someone else be harmed?
Always tell someone (your employer, your supervisor or your health and safety
representative) about hazards you can't fix yourself, especially if the hazard could cause serious
harm to anyone.
For example, (1) Ask your supervisor for instructions and training before using
equipment, (2) Ask for help moving or lifting heavy objects, and (3) Tell your supervisor if you
think a work practice could be dangerous.
If you are not sure of the safest way to do something during work experience, always ask your
supervisor.

3. Make the Changes

It is your employer's responsibility to fix hazards. Sometimes you may be able to fix
simple hazards yourself, as long as you don't put yourself or others at risk. For example, you can
pick up things from the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip hazard.
Common hazards encountered by computer technicians and users

A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and
safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. The situation could involve a task, chemical
or equipment used. Hazard management is a continuous process that can be used to improve the
health and safety of all workplaces.

Physical Hazards
One of the most common physical hazards involving computer technicians is cables
running across the floor. If someone trips, falls, and hurts himself because of a cable you ran
across the floor, someone (you, your employer, or your customer) has a serious legal negligence
problem. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a Danger sign similar to
those "wet floor" signs used by cleaning services.
For cables that are temporary but will need to run across the floor for a longer period of time, use
"gaffers tape". Gaffers tape is a heavy tape with strong adhesive to stick to the floor. For long
term cable routing there is a wide variety of cable organizing devices like cable ties, cable wraps,
and cable raceways which can be used to run cable safely along the wall or ceiling.

Other common physical hazards include leaving tools on top of ladders and placing
electronic equipment in precarious positions or on support that is not sturdy enough or not
designed for holding electronic equipment.

Mechanical Hazards
When working on electronic equipment, ask yourself "Is there any way this equipment
could hurt me?” You might stick your hand in a printer and suddenly the paper feed arm moves,
feeding not only paper through the printer, but a piece of your finger too.
You might move your hand past a computer chassis and lose a chunk of flesh because it
is razor sharp. When working on electronic equipment always be alert to any possibility of being
hurt by moving parts, hot components, or sharp edges.

Chemical Hazards
There is a wide array of chemicals used with electronic equipment. There are display
cleaning chemicals, keyboard cleaning chemicals, compressed gas dirt and dust removers, and
many cleaning solvents. Some of these chemicals can be harmful if accidentally swallowed, get
on bare skin, or get in eyes. Before using any chemicals for electronic equipment always read the
warnings and instructions on the label.
Also be very careful when dealing with inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner cartridges.
Ink and toner can stain skin, clothing and carpet.

Electric Shock Hazard

Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages from 3.3 volts to
25 volts, most of which are harmless. But at the power supply, you will find line voltage, which
is a lethal 220 volts.

The workplace should have safety guidelines to follow to:

 Protect people from injury
 Protect equipment from damage
 Protect the environment from contamination

Safety Precautions when working:

1. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
2. Do not work alone so that there is someone who can take care of you in case of accident
or emergency.
3. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit.
4. Always full the cable connector on the handle and not hold on the cable itself.
5. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor.
6. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
7. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.
8. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or near
computers.
9. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire, and other emergencies are
recognized.
10. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization
procedures and practice.
11. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to
minimize or eliminate risk to co‐workers, workplace, and environment.
 12. Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer from damaged
caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
13. Hold the components by edges and do not touch the IC’s.
14. Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully.
15. Do not use excessive force if things do not quite slip into place.

Fire Safety Guidelines

 Know the location of fire extinguishers, how to use them
and which to use for electrical fires and for combustible
fires.
 Find an escape route in case a fire gets out of control.
 Know how to contact emergency services quickly 
Keep the workspace clean.
 Keep most solvents in a separate area.

Process

Task 1: Identifying Safety Precautions

A. Directions: On the table provided below, list down the safety precautions applicable for
people, equipment and the environment. Use the safety precautions when working as your
reference.
People Equipment Environment
B. Direction : Identify what hazard is being illustrated in the situation below .
__________ 1. Slippery computer laboratory floor
__________ 2. Hot components, or sharp edges of computer devices
__________ 3. Laser printer toner
__________ 4. Obstructed electrical cables
__________ 5. Open CRT monitor

Reflect and Understand

Task 1: Short Interview

Directions: Conduct an interview with a skilled computer technician and ask the following guide
questions:
1. What are your personal preparations for your own safety when working?
2. What are the other safety precautions that you apply when working?
3. What are your tips for beginners like us in adhering with the safety precautions?

Task: I Care for Safe Work

Direction: Observe the set-up of your school’s Computer Laboratory. Pay attention to the
procedures and arrangement being practiced and used in the workplace. Identify hazards and
assess the risk based on your observations.
Spot the hazard
If you spot something hazardous, what should you do?
 Simple hazard (e.g. boxes on the floor that get in the way)
 More complex hazard (e.g. frayed cords, damaged equipment)
Assess the risk
What two main things should the person in charge or responsible for safety consider when
assessing the risk?
 Know

Assembly and Disassembly of a Personal Computer

One of the basic skills that you must acquire in computer hardware servicing is to independently
assemble and disassemble a personal computer or simply setting up a PC. After familiarizing
with all the tools and safety precautions I believe that you are now ready to gain another
experience in CHS by going through this lesson.

Personal Computer Disassembly

Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools you need and they're all
close by and handy and be sure to have a container to keep the screws in so you have them when
you want to put things back together.
Step1. Unplugging - The first thing you do is to unplug every cable that is plugged in to your
computer. That includes the cables such as Power, USB, Mouse, Keyboard, Internet, Ethernet,
Modem, AM\FM Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just unplug all the cables for safety purposes.

Now that your computer is fully unplugged, move your PC to a clean work space, preferably a
carpet. The carpet is better than tile, because screws and other small parts will roll around.

Step2. Opening the Outer Shell/Case- First, unscrew the four screws at the back of the
computer. On most computer cases, there will be large knobs that you can unscrew by hand or by
screw driver on the back-right side of the computer. The left side has small screws because on
that side you can't access much on the inside.
Figure 33. Screw at the back of computer chasis
Once the screws are removed, you can remove the side panels. On most computers, they just
slide off. Start with the left side panel (the side that once had the knobs), slide it towards the back
of the computer. Now you can remove the left panel. Just like the other side, slide it towards the
back of the computer.

Side
Pan

Figure 34. Removing the side panel

NOTICE:
If you are working on a carpet, about every five minutes touch something that is grounded (Sink
faucet / pipe, wire coming from the ground part of a wall outlet). This is done so you do not
shock your motherboard or other parts.
Step3. Removing the System Fan - First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You can find
the plug by following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1". Next, you will
have to unscrew the fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift the fan out of the PC.

System Fan

Figure 35. Removing the system fan

Step4. Removing the CPU Fan- The CPU fan is located right on top of the CPU heat sink,
which is a large piece of metal with fins on the top. The CPU fan plugs into the motherboard in
an awkward place, that is hard to access. But just follow the wires and you should easily find it.
It is labeled "CPU FAN1". To remove the fan from the heat sink, remove the four screws
securing it in place.

CPU Fan

Figure 36. Removing the CPU fan

Step5. Power Supply - The first thing to do is unplug every wire coming from the power supply.
You must disconnect the motherboard (very large connector/plug), CD/DVD drive(s) power,
internal hard drive power and portable hard drive slot power.
Once everything is unplugged, unscrew the four screws holding the power supply in place, on the
back of the computer. Next, push the power supply from the outside, and then lift it out.

Figure 37. Unscrew the power supply

Step6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)- First, unplug the ribbon from the back of the drive. Once that is
completed, pull on the tab securing the drive in place, then push it out from the inside.

CD / DVD
Drive

Figure 38. Location of CD / DVD Drive

Step7. Hard Drive - First, unplug the connector at the back of the slot, and unplug the other end
from the motherboard. Also unplug the SATA cable from the motherboard and the hard drive.
The portable hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD drive is, with a tab. Pull on
the tab, then slide the slot out.
 Figure 39. Unplugging the Hard Drive connector

To remove the hard drive from the side of the slot, unscrew the four screws securing it in place.
You must be very careful not to drop the hard drive, since it is very delicate!

Figure 40. Removing the hard drive from the side of the slot

Step8. Memory (RAM) - To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM in
place, which are located at both ends of the RAM.
Figure 41. Removing the Memory
Step9. Motherboard - The motherboard has seven screws holding it to the frame, which are
indicated by large white circles around them. Remove them and then lift the motherboard out of
the frame.

Figure 42. Removing the Motherboard

Now that you are done with the disassembly, you have gained enough skills. Next in
line is the PC Assembly, exert more effort and patience. Just follow

the step by step procedures and illustrations below and surely you can make it.
Good Luck!!!

Step by Step Computer Assembly

Step 1. Prepare your workplace

1. Take Inventory:
Before you start, take an inventory of your parts. Do not begin assembling your computer
if you don't have everything you need. Begin the step-by-step process once you are ready with
everything you need.

Figure 43. Take inventory of the Different Computer Parts

2. Make Space, Make Time:

Building a PC takes up space - about a dining room table worth. So make sure you have plenty
of working room and a few hours to proceed with minimal interruption. Work on a flat, stable
table top surface, or bare floor, where you have room to layout all of the items.

3. Prepare Grounding Protection:

Use an inexpensive antistatic wrist strap. It is the perfect preventive measure if you have no
alternative to working on carpet. Remember, a table top or bare floor is always the best place to
build your system. Make sure you are wearing your antistatic wrist strap correctly (it does you no
good at all if you do not wear it!), and you are ready to proceed. Look at Figure 42 for details.
 Figure 44. Wearing the Anti- static Wrist Strap Correctly

4. Have the Drivers Ready:

Assuming you have another internet connected PC, download the latest drivers from the vendors'
websites for each component you will be installing. Sometimes drivers are updated between the
time the component was manufactured and the time you are installing it. It is always best to
have the latest. Copy them to a CD for easy access.

Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard

1. Great care should be taken when installing the motherboard. First, take the board out of
its packaging and put it on top of the antistatic bag it came in (see Figure 45). Remember,
you always want to safeguard your components from potentially hazardous static
electricity (wear your strap).

Figure 45. Motherboard in an Antistatic Bag

2. Before you secure the motherboard onto the PC case/chassis, inspect it carefully for any
visible defects.
3. Next, review the motherboard manual, to make sure you are familiar with the
motherboard layout and understand which socket is which. Manuals are extremely
helpful, usually easy to read, and include illustrations. Below you can find instructions on
how to install the processor, the heat sink and the memory modules on the motherboard.
You should not place the motherboard in the computer case until you are told to do so.
Step 3. Install the CPU

1. Use the unlocking mechanism to

open the CPU socket which is usually
a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place
the chip in its socket; it will fit only
when oriented the proper way. An
arrow or a missing pin on one corner
of the chip will show you how to
place the chip in its socket.
3. Align Triangular CPU and socket key
marks as shown in Figure 46.
4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place.
Figure 46. Install CPU

Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink

1. Follow the manufacturer's directions to install the heat sink and the fan that will cool the
processor. If you bought an OEM CPU and a separate heat sink, you may need to spread

a thin layer of the thermal grease that came with the heat sink over the chip to ensure
proper transfer of heat (some heat sinks come with this grease already applied).
 Figure 47.
Install CPU
Heat Sink

3. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind that it may require a fair
amount of force. Again, follow the instructions that came with the heat sink. They will
show you how to fit it correctly. If you are in doubt, you can visit the manufacturer's
website for more information.
4. Plug the CPU fan's power connector into the proper connector on the motherboard.

Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)

In order to install the memory modules, insert them into the proper sockets (Figure 48)
and push down firmly but evenly until the clips on both sides of the socket pop into place. If your
motherboard supports dual-channel memory, consult the user manual to determine which pairs of
RAM sockets you should use. The motherboard and the CPU are the brain and nerve center of
your PC, so selecting these components is the most important decision you'll make.

Figure 48. Install RAM Memory

Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case

1. Some PC cases have a removable motherboard tray. If

yours does, remove the screws holding it in place and pull it
out of the case (Figure 49).

Figure 49. Remove

Motherboard Tray
2. Note the pattern of the holes in your motherboard (Figure 50), and screw brass standoffs into
the motherboard tray or into the PC case in the correct locations (ALWAYS check the manual
and follow their instructions to the letter).

Figure 50. Screw Brass Standoffs Into the Motherboard

3. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm that the ports on your
motherboard's back panel match the holes on the case's Input/Output (I/O) shield that is
installed in your case. If necessary, remove the old I/O shield by tapping it firmly a few times
with the butt-end of a screwdriver, and then replace it with the shield that came with the new
motherboard.
4. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs (Figure 51), line up all the
holes, and use the screws that accompanied the case to fasten down the motherboard. If you
are using a removable tray in your system, slide the tray and motherboard back into the case
and then secure the tray.

Figure 51. Case’s I /O Shield

Figure 52. Mount the Motherboard

Step 7. Connect the Power Supply

Making the proper connections is crucial to successfully assembling your PC system.
Fortunately, manufacturers provide color-coded power cables and unique connector shapes to
make the job easy.

1. First, plug the large ATX power connector (Figure 53) from your power supply into the
matching port on your motherboard. Look Figure X for details.
2. Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (Figure 54) (you cannot miss it - it is the
one sprouting the yellow and black wires) and attach it to the motherboard. Note: your
connector is usually located near the processor. As always, refer to your motherboard's manual
for the exact locations.
3. Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about front-panel connectors.

Figure 53. Large ATX Connector

Figure 54. Connect the ATX Power in the Motherboard

Figure 55. Square Processor Power Connector

NOTE
You are going to be doing work that requires attention to detail and can be quite frustrating if
you do not go into it with the right attitude.

4. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches (Figure 56), the hard-disk
activity lights, the PC speaker, and any front-panel USB and FireWire ports to the corresponding
pin on your motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for manipulating small pieces.
 Figure 56. Connect the different Leads

Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards

1. Begin by removing the backplane cover from the AGP or PCI Express X16 slot (the metal
piece where the monitor connector will emerge) (Figure 57).

Figure 57. Remove the backplane cover

2. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then secure the card with a screw (Figure 58).

Figure 58. Install the Graphics Board

Step 9. Install Internal Drives

Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it requires attention to detail.
 1. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before mounting them in the case.
A two-drive system (one or two SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard hardware interface for
connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives to a computer) hard drives, plus one parallel
ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) optical drive, for example) is easy to set up;

the SATA drives are jumper less, and the optical drive can be set as master on its own
parallel ATA channel. Many cases have removable drive rails or cages to house drives.

2. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or cage, and slide them into the
case. For externally accessible drives such as a DVD recorder, you can save time by
installing one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test fitting to make sure that its front
is flush with the case (Figure 59).

3. When the drives are installed, connect power and data cables to each one. Parallel ATA
drives use wide, flat data cables that can be installed only in the correct way. Floppy
drives use a similar but smaller cable; SATA drives use a thin, 1cm-wide data cable.
SATA drives use a new type of power connector that many power supplies don't come
with. Fortunately,
many motherboards
ship with

adapters for converting a

standard four-pin power connector
to a SATA power connector (Figure
59).
 Figure 59. Attach your devices

Figure 60. Connect Power Connector

Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards

1. For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI slot.
2. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the case.
3. Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down firmly to seat the card (Figure
61).
4. Secure the card with a screw.

Figure 61. Add- in Cards

Many motherboards have additional sound connectors or ports housed on small add-in boards.
Some of these plug into slots on the motherboard; others screw into the back of the case in place
of slot covers. Usually the additional ports are not essential to your PC's operation. For example,
if you install a sound card, you do not need connectors to the motherboard's built-in sound chip.
Check your motherboard manual to determine what each of these boards does.
Congratulations for doing a great job, but hold on with your patience because you still
need to complete another topic which is connecting the PC peripherals. So, keep
moving.
Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer
When attaching hardware and peripherals of the computer, ensure that they are connected to the
correct locations or ports. For example, some mouse and keyboard cables use the same type of
PS/2 connector. So, you must know first the different ports that can be found in the back panel of
the computer.
Keep in mind:
1. When attaching cables, never force a connection.
2. Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.
Steps in Connecting External Hardware of a PC

Step 1. Attach the monitor cable to the video port.

Step 2. Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.

Figure 62. Attach the Monitor Cable

Step 3. Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.
Figure 63. Plug the Keyboard Cable

Step 4. Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.

Figure 64. Plug the Mouse Cable Step

5. Plug the USB cable into a USB port.

Figure 65. Plug the USB Cable

Step 6. Plug the network cable into the network port.

Figure 66. Plug the Network Cable

Step 7. Plug the power cable into the power supply.

Figure 67. Plug the Power Cable
After connecting all the cables into their proper places, the picture in the next page should be the
appearance of the back panel of your PC.

Figure 68. Appearance of the PC’s Back Panel

Congratulations for doing a great job, now it’s time to perform all the
activities prepared for you. Good luck!

Process
Task: Rearrange the Procedures

Direction: Rearrange the following procedures in their proper order. Use numbers to indicate
their order of precedence. The first number is done for you.
A. Personal Computer Disassembly

__7_1. Detaching the Hard Drive

____2. Detaching the power supply
____3. Opening the outer shell / case
____4. Pull Out the Motherboard
____5. Removing the CD / DVD Drives
____6. Removing the CPU fan
____7. Removing the system fan
____8. Unplugging all the cables and wires

B. Personal Computer Assembly

__7_1. Connect the Power Supply

____2. Install Graphics / Video Cards
____3. Install Internal Drives
____4. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
____5. Install the Add- in Cards
____6. Install the CPU
____7. Install the CPU Heat Sink
____8. Place the motherboard into the case
____9. Prepare the Motherboard
____10. Prepare your workplace

Task 1: Time to Browse!

Reflect and Understand

Direction: Utilizing the internet, watch video presentations about connecting PC parts and read
additional books for computer hardware servicing to broaden your ideas and skills. You can use
the following URLs for your reference.
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N7bqBsFL0w- Computer Hardware Basics
 2. http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Computer-Hardware- How to install Computer Hardware

3. http://www.directron.com/howtoupsys.html- How to install Computer components

4. http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/10.1- Setting Up a Desktop Computer

Task 2: Group and Learn

Direction: Have a group of five (5) people and discuss about the video presentations, have a
brain storming about the helpful tips given in the video and try to acquire the techniques on the
PC Assembly and disassembly by having an actual activity.

Transfer

Task 1: Performance Test

Direction: Follow the given procedures below and safety precautions must be observed when
working. You will be rated in accordance with the rubrics provided below:

Procedures:
A. PC Disassembly
Unplug all the Open the Remove
Remove the Remove the Remove the Remove CD/ Remove the
cables and outer shell / Memory
system fan CPU Fan power supply DVD Drives Motherboard
wires case Module

B. Personal Computer Assembly

Prepare your Prepare the Install the CPU

Install the CPU
workplace Motherboard Heat Sink

Place the
Install Graphics Connect the Install Memory
motherboard
/ Video Cards Power Supply (RAM Modules)
into the case

Install Internal Install the Add-

Drives in Cards

C. Connecting PC Peripherals
 •Attach the monitor cable to the video port.
1

•Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector

2

•Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port

3

•Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.

4

•Plug the USB cable into a USB port.

5

•Plug the network cable into the network port.

6

7 •Plug the power cable into the power supply.

Rubrics for your performance Test

Criteria Score
Accuracy 50 %
Adherence to the procedures 20%
Workmanship(applied safety 20%
precautions)

Speed 10%

Task 2:

Direction: Answer the essential questions below according to your experience in connecting
hardware and peripherals of a computer.

1. What is the essence of following the correct procedures in connecting the PC

parts?
2. What do you think is the main reason why we should never exert too much
force when attaching the cables of PC parts? Explain your answer.
 3. What is your perspective why the power cable should always be the last on the
procedure of attaching parts?
4. What do you feel when you are doing the activity?
5. As a computer technician, why do think skills is a crucial factor?

FINAL ACTIVITY

Activity 1: Team up and Learn!!

Direction: After completing all the lessons in this module you need to accomplish the final
activities provided here.

Team up/hook up with a skilled computer technician in your locality and render a quality
/marketable services showcasing all the skills you’ve acquired from this module. Have an
evidence of your activity. Have a journal or narrative report of your performance.
Activity 2:

Perform the following:

1. Clean all the dirty computers in the computer laboratory

2. Show or exhibit skills in PC assembly and disassembly using the defective computers in
the computer laboratory.

You did great!!! CONGRATULATIONS..now..sit back and

relax..

SUMMARY

Process and Delivery of Computer Hardware Servicing is actually a basic foundation of the
higher level of PC troubleshooting and repair. All the basic and fundamental knowledge was
discussed in each lessons as well the primary skills that a technician should acquire in order to
produce marketable product / service which is one of the goals of entrepreneurship.
Lesson 1 covers the different components and parts of a computer system. It is critical to know
the different components so that when problem occurs, a technician could easily diagnose where
the problem came from and simply apply /suggest remedy into it.
There are different tools and equipments that are required to accomplish a certain task in a given
span of time. In lesson 2, different useful tools are featured as well as the proper way of using
them.
In computer hardware servicing and whichever field or area he / she is connected to, a person
should always be very cautious with the Occupational Health and Safety precautions in order to
be safe and free from any hazards that would affect the equipments as well as the environment.

Moreover, lesson 4, offers the basic procedures of personal computer assembly and disassembly
and installing / connecting the peripherals of a computer system which is essential because the
computer system will not work properly if hardware / peripherals were not attached properly into
it.
Understanding computer system is really a brain breaking job, but of course all starts from a little
knowledge and eventually into a broader one. This module would help the reader to have at least
the basic and primary knowledge of computer system.

ANSWER KEY

Lesson 1: Process
1. USB Cable / mouse / keyboard / printer / camera / scanner
2. RJ 45 / LAN
3. VGA / Monitor
4. Printer cable jack
5. Speaker jack
6. Power cord / power supply
7. PS/2 / mouse and keyboard

Lesson 2: Process
Task 1:
1. Anti- Static Wrist strap
2. Flat head screw driver
3. Flashlight
4. Lint free cloth
5. Multi- tester
6. Anti static mat
7. Philips head Screw driver
8. Part Retriever
9. Compressed air
10. Loop back adapter
11. Torx
12. Tweezer
13. Hex
14. Needle Nose Plier

Task 1
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:
Computer case Cleaning solution and lint free cloth
Mouse Lint free cloth and cleaning solution
Keyboard Brush, lint free cloth, mini vacuum cleaner
Monitor Cleaning solution and lint free cloth
Speaker Brush and lint free cloth
Cooling fan Brush, compressed air
Heat sink Compressed air, brush
Lesson 3: Process

People Equipment Environment

1. Do not work alone so 1. Always ground or 1. Hazard/risks in the
that there’s someone who can discharge yourself before workplace and their
corresponding indicators
take care of you in case of touching any part of the are identified to minimize
accident or emergency. computer or eliminate risk to
coworkers, workplace and
2. Use only rubber shoes 2. Be careful with the
environment.
when standing on the ground tools that may cause short
or in a concrete floor circuit
3. Always power off and 3. Always full the cable
unplug the computer before connector on the handle and
working on it. not hold on the cable itself 4.
4. Contingency measures Make sure that the pins are
during workplace accidents, properly aligned when
fire and other emergencies are connecting a cable connector.
recognized. 5. Take away any liquid such
5. Personal protective as mineral water or soft drinks
equipment is correctly used in near your working area or near
accordance with organization computers
procedures and practice 6.Take necessary precautions
6. Read and follow to protect the component of
instruction on the manual the computer from damaged
carefully. cause by Electrostatic
Discharge (ESD).
7. Hold the components
by edges and do not touch the
IC’s.
8. Do not use excessive
 force if things don’t quite slip
into place.

GLOSSARY

adapters - These are printed-circuit boards that enables the computer to use a peripheral device
for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards.

application software - A set of programs designed to help the user to perform singular or
multiple related tasks.

bus- A data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a computer.

cable ties- a type of cleaning tool used to tie cables and wires.

compressed air- A cleaning tool composed of air used to blow away dust.

digitizer- Is a graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images or tracing old ones.

expansion bus - It connects the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other
important hardware.

hand tool- A device for performing work on a material, or a physical system using only hands.

hard disk drive- Is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer.

hardware- These are the tangible component of a computer system.

hazard- Is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of
people or to damage plant and equipment.

lint- free cloth- A type of cloth used to clean different computer components without scratching

motherboard- The main circuit board of a computer containing all the essential parts of a PC.

people ware- Refers to people involved in the data processing operations.

port - Is an external connecting socket on the outside of the computer. This is a pathway into and
out of the computer.

RJ45- "RJ" in stands for "registered jack," since it is a standardized networking interface and
"45" simply refers to the number of the interface standard.

serial port- A port intended for serial type of mouse and older camera.

smart board - Type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel covering the
screen.

static electricity - An accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.

system software- Is a set of instruction required to run a computer system.

tool – Is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.

toolkit - A set of tools designed to be used together .

 ACRONYMS

ATA- Advance Technology Attachment

BIOS- Basic Input Output System

CD- Compact Disc

CHS- Computer Hardware Servicing

CRT- Cathode Ray Tube

ESD- Electro Static Discharge

DVD- Digital Versatile Disc

HDD- Hard Disk Drive

LAN- Local Area Networking

LCD- Liquid Crystal Display

LED- Light Emitting Diode

OHS- Occupational Health and Safety

RAM- Random Access Memory

ROM- Read Only Memory

SATA- Serial Advance Technology Attachment

USB- Universal Serial Bus

VGA- Video Graphic Array

REFERENCES
Books and Articles and Printed Materials:

1. Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible,

Desktop Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint
Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

2. Ron Gilster, PC Repair Bench Book., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475

Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

3. Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible,

Desktop Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint
Boulevard, Indianapolis,
IN 46256
 4. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum- Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module –Computer Hardware Serviciing- RONALDO V. RAMILO and
DEOVER M. PASCO

Electronic Resources:

1. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/computer-memory-types.html
Computer Memory Types

2. http://www.athropolis.com/popup/c-comp2.htm Measurements for

Memory & Storage

3. http://www.ustudy.in/ce/hard/u1
Fundamentals of PC repair

4. http://danreb.com/sites/default/files/CHS-NC2%20Reviewer%20-
%20With%20Oral%20Questioning_0.pdf
Occupational Health and Safety Precautions

5. http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/CrissCrossSetupForm.asp Puzzles
for Activities

6. http://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/cis/kalmustafa/CISCO/Lecture%20Slides/
ITE_PC_v40_Chapte r2.pdf
Occupational Safety Precautions
7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfKe8PPI2zs&feature=related
Conversion of Decimal N umber to Binary

8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7M6_VeDhJE&feature=related
9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N7bqBsFL0w- Computer Hardware Basics

10. http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Computer-Hardware- How to install Computer

Hardware
11. http://www.directron.com/howtoupsys.html- How to install Computer
components

12. en.wikipedia.org

13. http://www.bechtel.com/assets/files/Environmental/ToolboxSafetyTopics/20
10/ProperToolSelection.pdf
Tool Selection

14. http://www.iml.uts.edu.au/assessment-futures/designing/assembling.html

15. http://www.instructables.com/id/Disassemble-a-Computer/- Computer Basics