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Computer System, Devices and Peripherals

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kenneth gutay
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40 views

Computer System, Devices and Peripherals

Uploaded by

kenneth gutay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

COMPUTER SYSTEM,

DEVICES AND
PERIPHERALS
What is an Operating System?
 The most important program that runs
on a computer. Every computer must
have an operating system to run other
programs. It performs basic tasks, such
as recognizing input from the keyboard,
sending output to the monitor etc. The
operating system is also responsible for
security, ensuring that unauthorized
users do not access the system.
OS Diagram
Operating systems can be classified
as follows:
 Multi-user: allows two or more users to
run programs at the same time.
 Multiprocessing: Supports running a
program on more that one CPU.
 Multitasking: allows more that one
program to run concurrently
 Multithreading: allows different parts of
a single program to run concurrently
 Real time: responds to input instantly.
 Operating systems provide a software
platform on which other application
programs can run.
Computer Parts and Devices
 System Unit – The main part of a microcomputer,
sometimes called the chassis. It includes the
following parts: Motherboard, processor, memory,
buses, ports, expansion slots and cards.
 Motherboard/ Mainboard/ Systemboard –
The main circuit board of a computer. It
contains all the circuits and components that
run the computer.
 CPU (Central Processing Unit) or
Processor – is the main “brain” or “heart” of
a computer system. It performs all of the
instructions and calculations that are needed
and manages the flow of information through
a computer.
 Primary storage – (internal storage,
main memory) is the computer woring
storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing and
processes data waiting to be sent to
secondary storage. Physically, primary
storage is a collection of RAM chips.
A. ROM – (Read Only Memory) is non-
volatile, meaning it holds data even
when the power is ON or OFF.
B. RAM – (Random Access Memory) is
volatile, meaning it holds data only when
the power is on. When the power is off,
RAM’s contents are lost.
 Expansion Bus- A bus is a data
pathway between hardware components
inside or outside a computer. It does not
only connect the parts of the CPU to
each other, but also links the CPU with
other important hardware.
 Adapters – Printed-circuit boards (also
called interface cards) that enable the
computer to se a peripheral device for
which it does not have the necessary
connections or circuits boards. They are
often used to permit upgrading to a new
different hardware.
 Power Supply Unit – Installed in the back
corner of the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts AC to DC voltages
that are used by other components in the PC.
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD) – Also known as
hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that
is installed inside the computer. It is used as
permanent storage for data.
 Optical Drive – An optical drive is a
storage device that uses lasers to read data
on the optical media. There are three types
of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray
Disc (BD).
 Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) – Designed to
optically access data stored on a DVD. A
laser moves back and forth near the disk
surface ad access data at a very fast rate.
Guess the Picture!
What are the input and output devices
of a computer?
 The devices attached to a personal
computer can be classified into two- the
input and output devices. Input Device is
composed of a device that accepts data
and instructions from the user or from
another computer system. While, Output
device is any piece of computer hardware
that displays results after the computer has
processed the input data that has been
entered.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices
 Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the
computer through key board.

 Direct Entry – A form of input that does not


require data to be keyed by someone sitting on
the keyboard. Direct-entry devices create
machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic
media, or feed it directly into the computer’s
CPU.
Three (3) Categories of Direct Entry
Devices
 1. Pointing Devices
 2. Scanning Devices
 3. Voice- Input Devices
 1. Pointing Devices – An input device used to
move the pointer (cursor) on the screen.
*Mouse – The most common
“pointing device used in PCs.
*Touch screen – A display screen that is
sensitive to the touch of a finger
or stylus.
*Light Pen – A light-sensitive stylus wired to
a video terminal used to draw
pictures or select menu options
* Digitizer Tablet – A graphics drawing tablet
used for sketching new images or
tracing old ones.
 2. Scanning Devices – A device that can
read test or illustrations printed on
paper and translates the information
into a from the computer can use.
 3. Voice- Input Devices – Audio input
devices also known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a user to
send audio signals to a computer for
processing.
Output Devices
 1. Computer Device Monitor
 2. LCD Projectors
 3. Smart Board
 4. Printer
 5. Speaker
 1. Computer Display Monitor – It displays
information in visual form, using text and
graphics.
*CRT Monitors – Cathode Ray Tubes were the only type of
displayfor use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14”
to 16 “ deep) and heavy (over 7 kilos).
*LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal Display technology
has been used in laptops for some time. It has recently
been made commercially available as monitors for
desktops PCs.
*LED Monitors – Light Emitting Diode is a display and
lighting technology used in almost every electrical and
electronic product on the market, from tiny on/off light to
digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter
lighting.
 2. LCD Projectors – utilize two sheets of
polarizing material with a liquid crystal
solution between them.
 3. Smart Board – A type of display screen
that has a touch sensitive transparent panel
covering the screen which is similar to a
touch screen
 4. Printer – A device that prints text or
illustrations on paper.
Ink-jet printer – spays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-
jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.
Laser – Uses the same technology as copy
machines. Laser printer produce very high quality
text and graphics.
LCD and LED Printer – Similar to a laser printer, but
uses liquid crystal or light emitting diodes rather the
laser to produce an image on the drum.
Line Printer – Contains a chain of characters or
pins that print an entire line at one time. Line
printers are very fast, but produce low-quality print.
Thermal Printer– spays ink at a sheet of paper.
Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and
graphics.
 6. Speakers – Used to play sound.
They may be built into the system unit or
connected with cables. Speaker allow
you to listen to music and hear sound
effects from your computer.
What is storage device?
Aside from the devices attached on a
PC, there are also the so called storage
device that perform special task in
computing system. Storage device is any
apparatus for recording computer data in a
permanent or semi-permanent form.
Types of storage devices
 Floppy diskette – is random access,
removable data storage medium that can be
used with personal computers. Also called a
“3.5-inch diskette,” it can store up to 1.44
megabytes(MB) of data.
 Compact disc (CD) – also called optical disc
is a nonmagnetic, polished metal disk used
to store digital information. The disc is ready
by CD-ROM
 Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) – an optical
technology with a 4.7 gigabyte storage
capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk,
which is enough for a 133-minute movie.
 USB flash drive – is a plug-and-play
portable storage device that uses flash
memory and is lightweight enough to attach
to a key chain.
 Hard drive – is the main, and usually largest,
data storage device in a computer. The
operating system, software titles and most other
files are stored in the hard disk drive.

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