NARAYANA E-TECHNO SCHOOL

VELAPPANCHAVADI,CHENNAI

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

MR. MANOJ KUMAR CHENNUR S.YUVAN SRI
DHARUSHAN
[DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY]
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that S.YUVAN SRI DHARUSHAN of

class XII A/B of NARAYANA E-TECHNO SCHOOL has
done his/her project on DRUG ADDICTION under the
guidance of subject teacher Mr.MANOJ KUMAR
CHENNUR during the academic year 2022-2023 in partial
fulfilment of Biology practical examination conducted by
CBSE BOARD, NEW
DELHI.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
It is with pleasure that I acknowledge my sincere
gratitude to our teacher, MANOJ KUMAR
CHENNUR who taught and undertook the
responsibility of teaching the subject Biology. I have
been greatly benefited from his classes.

I am especially indebted to our Principal

Mrs. Rani Thomas who has always been a source
of encouragement and support and without whose
inspiration this project would not have been a
successful I would like to place on record heartfelt
thanks to him.
Finally, I would like to express my sincere
appreciation for all the other students for my batch
their friendship & the fine times that we all shared
together.

S.YUVAN SRI DHARUSHAN Class:XII-B

S.YUVAN SRI DHARUSHAN

CLASS: XII – Sr.NEET -B
S.NO PAGE NO.

TOPIC
1. Abstract

2. Classification of Drugs

3. Some Harmful DrugsHow drug addiction Begin?

4. Smoking, Drinking and Use of Drugs

5. Tobacco

6. Effect of Nicotine

7. CONCLUSIONS
Abstract

Drug abuse, also called substance abuse or chemical abuse,

is a disorder that is characterized by a destructive pattern of
using a substance that leads to significant problems or
distress. Teens are increasingly engaging in prescription
drug abuse, particularly narcotics (which are prescribed to
relieve severe pain), and stimulant medications, which treat
conditions like attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy.

Any substance, other than food, used in the prevention,

diagnosis, all aviation or treatment of a disease is called a
drug. Drug is also known as a medicine. Generally, the term
drugs applied to any stimulating or depressing substance that
can be habituating or addictive. A drug, broadly speaking,
can be categorized in many ways; hard or soft, uppers or
downers, addictive or non-addictive, most harmful or least
harmful, legal or illegal.

Classification of Drugs
There are several ways to classify drugs. One way is by their
chemical structure or pharmacological properties. For
example, drugs can be classified as:
1. Analgesics: These are drugs that relieve pain, such as
aspirin and ibuprofen.

2. Antibiotics: These are drugs that kill or inhibit the growth

of bacteria, such as penicillin and amoxicillin.

3. Anti-inflammatory drugs: These are drugs that reduce

inflammation, such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

4. Antipsychotics: These are drugs that are used to treat

psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder.

5. Antidepressants: These are drugs that are used to treat

depression and other mood disorders.

6. Stimulants: These are drugs that stimulate the central

nervous system and increase alertness and energy, such as
caffeine and amphetamines.

7. Sedatives: These are drugs that calm the central nervous

system and produce a feeling of relaxation, such as
benzodiazepines and barbiturates.

8. Narcotics: These are drugs that are derived from opium

and are used to relieve pain, such as morphine and codeine.

Another way to classify drugs is by their legal status. Some

drugs, such as alcohol and tobacco, are legal and widely
available, while others, such as heroin and marijuana, are
illegal or controlled substances.
It's important to note that the classification of drugs can vary
depending on the context and the laws of different countries.

Some Harmful Drugs

1. Heroin:
Heroin is an illegal, highly addictive opioid drug that is
synthesized from morphine, a natural substance found in the seed
pod of the Asian poppy plant. Heroin is a central nervous system
depressant that produces a state of relaxation and euphoria when
it is used. However, it is also highly dangerous and can cause
serious health problems, including addiction, overdose, and death.
Heroin is typically injected, sniffed, or smoked and is illegal in
most countries. Its use is associated with a high risk of addiction
and serious negative consequences, including social, physical,
and psychological problems. If you or someone you know is
struggling with heroin addiction, it is important to seek
professional help and support to overcome the addiction and
address any related problems.

2. Cannabinoids:
Cannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are found in
the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa). There are over 100 different
cannabinoids in cannabis, but the two most well-known and
wellstudied are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol
(CBD).

THC is the psychoactive cannabinoid that is responsible for the

"high" associated with marijuana use. It activates cannabinoid
receptors in the brain, leading to the release of dopamine and other
neurotransmitters, which can produce a variety of effects, including
altered perception, mood, and behavior. THC is also responsible for
many of the therapeutic effects of marijuana, including pain relief
and appetite stimulation.

CBD is the non-psychoactive cannabinoid that does not produce a

high. It has a number of potential therapeutic effects, including
reducing inflammation, anxiety, and seizure activity. CBD can also
counteract some of the negative effects of THC, such as anxiety and
paranoia.

Both THC and CBD have been shown to have potential therapeutic
uses and are being studied for their potential to treat a variety of
medical conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, and anxiety
disorders. However, more research is needed to fully understand
their potential risks and benefits.

It's important to note that the use and possession of marijuana and
other cannabis products is illegal or restricted in many countries and
states. The legal status of cannabis varies widely and is subject to
change, so it is important to be aware of the laws in your area

3. Cocaine:
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug that is made from the leaves of the coca
plant. It is a central nervous system stimulant that increases the levels of certain
chemicals in the brain, leading to a feeling of euphoria and increased energy.
Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that can have serious negative effects on
both physical and mental health.

Cocaine is typically used in one of two ways: it can be snorted as a powder or

dissolved in water and injected. It can also be smoked in its more purified form,
known as crack cocaine. The effects of cocaine use can be felt within minutes
and last for a few hours.
Short-term effects of cocaine use include dilated pupils, increased body
temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as feelings of euphoria and
increased alertness. However, cocaine use can also cause negative effects, such
as anxiety, irritability, and insomnia.

Long-term cocaine use can lead to a number of serious health problems,

including addiction, cardiovascular issues (such as heart attack and stroke),
respiratory problems, and malnutrition. It can also have negative effects on
mental health, including paranoia and psychosis.

Cocaine is illegal in most countries and is classified as a Schedule II controlled

substance in the United States, meaning it has a high potential for abuse and
can lead to physical and psychological dependence. If you or someone you
know is struggling with cocaine addiction, it is important to seek professional
help to overcome the addiction and address any related problems.

HOW DRUG ADDICTION BEGIN?

Drug addiction can begin in different ways and for a variety of

reasons. Some people may start using drugs recreationally, seeking
out the pleasurable effects they produce. Others may start using
drugs to self-medicate for a mental health condition or to cope with
stress, trauma, or other life challenges.

In some cases, people may initially take drugs to relieve physical

pain or to treat a medical condition. However, if the drug use
becomes excessive or prolonged, it can lead to addiction.

There are also some factors that may increase the risk of developing
an addiction to drugs. These include:
1. Genetics: Some people may be more prone to addiction due to
inherited genetic vulnerabilities.

2. Mental health: People with mental health disorders, such as

depression or anxiety, may be at increased risk of addiction.

3. Environmental factors: Exposure to drug use in one's

environment, such as in the home or at school, may increase the risk
of addiction.

4. Trauma: Experiencing trauma, such as physical or sexual abuse,

may increase the risk of developing an addiction.

It's important to note that addiction is a complex and multifaceted

disorder that is not always easy to understand or predict. If you or
someone you know is struggling with drug addiction, it is important
to seek professional help to overcome the addiction and address any
related problems.

Smoking, Drinking and Use of Drugs:

Smoking, drinking, and drug use are all behaviors that can have
negative impacts on physical and mental health.

Smoking tobacco is a major cause of preventable death and disease

worldwide. It is associated with a number of serious health problems,
including lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory diseases.
In addition, smoking can also harm the health of those around you
through secondhand smoke.

Drinking alcohol in excess can also have negative health

consequences. It can increase the risk of developing a number of
serious health problems, including liver disease, pancreatitis, certain
types of cancer, and mental health disorders. Alcohol abuse can also
lead to accidents and injuries, such as car accidents and falls.
Using drugs, including both legal and illegal substances, can also
have serious negative impacts on health. Many drugs can cause
addiction and physical and psychological dependence, and they can
have a range of negative side effects, including increased risk of
accidents and injuries, mental health problems, and organ damage.

It is important to be aware of the risks associated with smoking,

drinking, and drug use, and to make informed choices about these
behaviors. If you are struggling with any of these issues, it is
important to seek help and support to address them.

Short-Term Effects:

• Loss of appetite

• Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature

• Contracted blood vessels

• Increased rate of breathing

• Dilated pupils

• Disturbed sleep patterns

• Nausea

• Hyperstimulation

• Bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior

• Hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability

• Tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing
under the skin

• Intense euphoria

• Anxiety and paranoia

• Depression

• Intense drug craving

• Panic and psychosis

• Convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one
time)

Long-Term Effects:
• Permanent damage to blood vessels of ear and brain, high blood
pressure, leading to heart attacks, strokes and death

• Liver, kidney and lung damage

• Respiratory failure

• Infectious diseases and abscesses if injected

• Malnutrition, weight loss

• Auditory and tactile hallucinations

• Sexual problems, reproductive damage and infertility (for both

men and women)

• Disorientation, apathy, confused exhaustion

• Irritability and mood disturbances

 • Increased frequency of risky behavior

• Delirium or psychosis

• Severe depression

• Tolerance and addiction (even after just one use)

Harm caused by Drugs:

Tobacco is a plant that is grown for its leaves, which are dried and
processed to produce tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars,
and smokeless tobacco. The use of tobacco products is a major cause
of preventable death and disease worldwide.

Tobacco contains nicotine, which is a highly addictive substance.

When tobacco is smoked, the nicotine is absorbed into the
bloodstream, leading to a feeling of pleasure and relaxation.
However, tobacco use is also associated with a number of serious
health problems, including lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and
respiratory diseases.

Smoking tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death and

disease globally. It is estimated to cause more than 8 million deaths
each year, and this number is expected to rise to more than 8 million
by 2030. In addition to the health risks associated with smoking,
tobacco use can also harm the health of those around you through
secondhand smoke.

There are a number of ways to reduce the risks associated with

tobacco use, including quitting smoking and using tobacco
alternatives, such as nicotine replacement therapy and electronic
cigarettes. If you are struggling with a tobacco addiction, it is
important to seek help and support to overcome it.

EFFECT OF NICOTINE:

Nicotine is a chemical found in tobacco and other plants that is highly addictive.
When nicotine is ingested, it stimulates the central nervous system and
increases the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to a feeling
of pleasure and relaxation.

However, nicotine can also have negative effects on the body. Some of the
short-term effects of nicotine use include increased heart rate and blood
pressure, increased alertness, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

Long-term nicotine use can lead to a number of serious health problems,

including addiction, respiratory problems, heart disease, and cancer. It can also
harm fetal development during pregnancy and increase the risk of low birth
weight and preterm delivery.

In addition to the risks associated with nicotine use, tobacco products also
contain a number of other harmful chemicals that can cause serious health
problems. These include cancer-causing agents, such as tar and benzene, as well
as other toxins and carcinogens.
If you are struggling with nicotine addiction, it is important to seek help and
support to overcome it. There are a number of resources and treatment options
available to help people quit smoking and overcome nicotine addiction,
including nicotine replacement therapy and other medications, as well as
behavioral therapies and support groups.

HARMFUL COMPONENTS OF TABACCO SMOKE:

Tobacco smoke contains a number of harmful chemicals that can
cause serious health problems. Some of the harmful components of
tobacco smoke include:

1. Tar: Tar is a sticky, dark substance that is formed when tobacco

is burned. It contains a number of cancer-causing agents, including
benzene, formaldehyde, and vinyl chloride.

2. Carbon monoxide: Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that is

produced when tobacco is burned. It reduces the amount of oxygen
that is carried in the blood, leading to a number of health problems,
including heart disease and stroke.

3. Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is a cancer-causing chemical that

is found in tobacco smoke. It is also a strong irritant that can cause
respiratory problems.

4. Benzene: Benzene is a cancer-causing chemical that is found in

tobacco smoke. It is also a toxic substance that can cause dizziness,
headaches, and unconsciousness.

5. Ammonia: Ammonia is a strong chemical that is used to enhance

the effect of nicotine in cigarettes. It can irritate the respiratory
system and cause coughing and wheezing.

6. Arsenic: Arsenic is a toxic chemical that is found in tobacco

smoke. It can cause cancer and other serious health problems.
Tobacco smoke is also a major source of secondhand smoke, which
is the smoke that is exhaled by a smoker or that comes from the
burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. Secondhand smoke is
harmful to those who are exposed to it and can cause a number of
serious health problems, including heart disease and lung cancer.

If you are a smoker, quitting smoking is the best way to reduce the
risks associated with tobacco smoke. If you are struggling with a
tobacco addiction, it is important to seek help and support to
overcome it. There are a number of resources and treatment options
available to help people quit smoking, including nicotine
replacement therapy and other medications, as well as behavioral
therapies and support groups.

Alcohol
Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that is produced by the
fermentation of sugars and starches. It is consumed in a variety of forms,
including beer, wine, and hard liquor.

Drinking alcohol in moderation can have some potential health benefits, such
as reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. However, drinking alcohol in
excess can have serious negative effects on health.

Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to a number of serious health problems,

including liver disease, pancreatitis, certain types of cancer, and mental health
disorders. It can also increase the risk of accidents and injuries, such as car
accidents and falls.

In addition to the risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption, alcohol

can also have negative social and psychological effects, including relationship
problems, work-related problems, and financial difficulties.

It is important to be aware of the risks associated with alcohol use and to make
informed choices about drinking. If you are struggling with an alcohol
addiction, it is important to seek help and support to overcome it. There are a
number of resources and treatment options available to help people overcome
alcohol addiction, including support groups, behavioral therapies, and
medications.

Impact of Drinking Alcohol:

Drinking alcohol can have a range of effects on the body, both short-
term and long-term.

Some of the short-term effects of alcohol consumption include:

Decreased inhibitions: Alcohol can reduce inhibitions and impair

judgment, leading to risky or inappropriate behavior.

Slurred speech: Alcohol can affect speech and coordination, leading

to slurred speech and difficulty walking.

Drowsiness: Alcohol can cause drowsiness and impair concentration,

leading to problems with memory and decisionmaking.

Increased heart rate and blood pressure: Alcohol can cause a

temporary increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

Decreased reaction time: Alcohol can slow reflexes and reaction time,
increasing the risk of accidents and injuries.

Long-term effects of alcohol abuse can include:

Liver damage: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver

damage, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Pancreatitis: Alcohol abuse can cause inflammation of the pancreas,

leading to pancreatitis.

Increased risk of certain types of cancer: Alcohol consumption has

been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer, including
breast, colon, and liver cancer.
Mental health problems: Alcohol abuse can lead to or worsen mental
health problems, such as depression and anxiety.

Addiction: Alcohol abuse can lead to addiction, which is

characterized by a strong craving for alcohol and a inability to stop
drinking despite negative consequences.

It is important to be aware of the risks associated with alcohol use

and to drink in moderation. If you are struggling with an alcohol
addiction, it is important to seek help and support to overcome it.
There are a number of resources and treatment options available to
help people overcome alcohol addiction, including support groups,
behavioral therapies, and medications.

CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, drugs and alcohol are substances that can have serious negative
impacts on physical and mental health. They can cause addiction, physical and
psychological dependence, and a range of negative side effects, including organ
damage and mental health problems.

It is important to be aware of the risks associated with drug and alcohol use and
to make informed choices about these behaviors. If you are struggling with an
addiction or have a problem with drugs or alcohol, it is important to seek help
and support to overcome it. There are a number of resources and treatment
options available to help people overcome addiction and address any related
problems.

It is also important to be aware of the laws and regulations surrounding the use
and possession of drugs and alcohol, as they vary widely and can have serious
consequences for those who violate them. It is important to respect the laws
and to make responsible choices about substance use in order to protect your
own health and the health of those around you.
THANK YOU!!!!