The document is a certificate for a completed investigatory project on addiction by Priyanka Jangid, guided by Mrs. Asha Thomas, fulfilling CBSE curriculum requirements for the academic year 2022-23. It includes acknowledgments, a detailed table of contents, and sections discussing addiction, drug types, risk factors, effects, and prevention measures. The project emphasizes the neuropsychological aspects of addiction and the importance of addressing substance abuse among youth.
The document is a certificate for a completed investigatory project on addiction by Priyanka Jangid, guided by Mrs. Asha Thomas, fulfilling CBSE curriculum requirements for the academic year 2022-23. It includes acknowledgments, a detailed table of contents, and sections discussing addiction, drug types, risk factors, effects, and prevention measures. The project emphasizes the neuropsychological aspects of addiction and the importance of addressing substance abuse among youth.
The document is a certificate for a completed investigatory project on addiction by Priyanka Jangid, guided by Mrs. Asha Thomas, fulfilling CBSE curriculum requirements for the academic year 2022-23. It includes acknowledgments, a detailed table of contents, and sections discussing addiction, drug types, risk factors, effects, and prevention measures. The project emphasizes the neuropsychological aspects of addiction and the importance of addressing substance abuse among youth.
The document is a certificate for a completed investigatory project on addiction by Priyanka Jangid, guided by Mrs. Asha Thomas, fulfilling CBSE curriculum requirements for the academic year 2022-23. It includes acknowledgments, a detailed table of contents, and sections discussing addiction, drug types, risk factors, effects, and prevention measures. The project emphasizes the neuropsychological aspects of addiction and the importance of addressing substance abuse among youth.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 20
Certificate
This is to certify that
‘BIOLOGY’ investigatory project has been successfully completed by PRIYANKA JANGID of class XII A under the guidance of Mrs. Asha Thomas in particular fulfillment of the curriculum of Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) leading to the award of annual examination of the year 2022-23
Teacher In-Charge External Examiner
Principal signature Acknowledgm ent I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. I am highly indebted to my biology teacher Mrs. Asha Thomas for her invaluable guidance which has sustained my efforts in all the stages of this project work. I would also like to thank my parents for their continuous support and encouragement. My thanks and appreciation also go to my fellow classmates and the laboratory assistant in developing the project and to the people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
Teacher’s sign Student’s Sign Contents 1. Introduction To Addiction 2. Drug Addiction 3. Risk Factors For Drug 4. Common Drugs 5. How Does Drug Addiction Begins 6. Abuse Among Youngsters 7. Effect Of Abuse 8. Some Useful Drugs 9. Prevention & Control 10. Bibliography Introduction To Addiction Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to engage in certain behaviours, one of which is the usage of a drug, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. The phenomenon of drugs reshaping brain function has led to an understanding of addiction as a brain disorder with a complex variety of psychosocial as well as neurobiological factors that are implicated in addiction’s development. Drug Addiction Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder that features seeking and drug abuse, despite their harmful effects.This formed addiction changes brain circuitry such that the brain’s reward system is compromised, causing functional consequences to stress management and self-control. Substances involved with drug addiction include; alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cocaine, heroin,cannabinoids Risk Factors For Drug Addiction • Aggressive behaviour • Absent/lack of parental supervision • Lack of peer refusal skills • Drug experimentation • Availability of drugs • Community economic status • Mental disorders • Usage of drugs in youth • Method drug is taken Common Drugs The following are some of the abused drugs that most people are commonly addicted to: • Alcohol • Nicotine • Opioids • Cannabinoids • Cocaine (i) Alcohol Alcohol is a toxic and psychoactive substance with dependence producing properties. Alcohol is the leading risk factor for premature mortality and disability among those aged 15 to 49 years, accounting for 10 percent of all deaths in this age group. May people think alcohol is a stimulant but actually, alcohol is a depressant, a substance which dulls the sense. It reduces the efficiency of every tissue in the body. (ii) Nicotine Nicotine is a substance found in all tobacco products and some e- cigarette liquids. It is a highly addictive substance found in the tobacco plant. Any products containing tobacco also contains nicotine. This includes cigarettes, heated tobacco products and cigars. Some harmful effects:
High concentration of it paralyses
nerve cells. Releases adrenaline, increasing heartbeat rate and pressure. Besides the poisonous nicotine, the tobacco smoke contains carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic compound and tar. It causes tobacco addiction. • Retards foetal growth in (iii) Opioids Opioids are the drugs, which bind to specific opioids receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Heroin, commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum. Generally taken by snorting and injection, heroin is a depressant and slows down body functions. The euphoria attracts recreational use, and frequent, escalating recreational use of opioids typically results in addiction. An overdose or concurrent use with other depressant drugs like benzodiazepines commonly results in death from respiratory depression. (iv) Cannabinoids Cannabinoids are a group of chemicals , which interact with cannabinoid receptors present principally in the brain. Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa The flower tops, leaves and the resin of cannabis plant are used in various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish , charas and ganja. Generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion, these are known for their effects on cardiovascular system of the body. It is prescribed for its ability to alleviate pain, reduce anxiety, stimulate appetite and control nausea and vomiting. Side effects include: Rapid heart beat, dizziness, depression, hallucination, low blood pressure, panic attacks, and food cravings (v) Cocaine Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant mainly used recreationally for its euphoric effects. It interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine. The drug is often snorted, applied topically to the mouth, or dissolved and injected into a vein. It stimulates the reward pathway in the brain. Mental effects may include an intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, loss of contact with reality, or agitation. Physical effects may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils. High doses can result in high blood pressure or high body temperature How Does Drug Addiction Begins ? There are many factors that lead people get addicted : Curiosity: Frequent references to drugs by public media create curiosity for having a personal experience of the drugs. Friend’s Pressure: Frequent appreciation of drug experience by friends allures others to start the use of drugs. Frustration and Depression: Some people start taking drugs to get releif from frustration and depression. The desire for more work: Students sometimes takes drugs to keep awake themselves whole night to prepare for examination. It is not desirable as it may cause mental breakdown. Looking for a different world: A wrong notion that the drugs open up a new world tempts some young octets to start taking drugs. Relief from pain: A prolonged use of pain relieving drugs with physicians advice at times leads to addiction. Family history: Children may take to drugs by seeing their elders in family • Excitement and Adventure: The young take drugs to satisfy their instinct for excitement and adventure Abuse Among Youngsters Curiosity, need for adventure and excitement, and experimentation, constitute common causes, which motivate them towards drugs and alcohol use. Later the child starts using these to escape facing problems. Of late, stress, from pressures to excel in academics or examination, has played a significant role in persuading them to try alcohol and drugs. Unstable or unsupportive family structures and peer pressure are other factors associated with these abuse. Effects Of Abuse The effect of substance abuse is highest on the psychological health of adolescents with the possibility of developing substance use disorder, leading to major behaviour changes observed, including mood disorders, depression, anxiety, thought disorders such as schizophrenia, as well as a personality disorders like antisocial personality traits.Consequences of drug abuse also include: - quarrels with friends, family and relatives - higher risk of accidents - severe health disorders - losing jobs or dropped out of school due to poor performance - involvement in criminal activities Some Useful Drugs Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and other similar drugs that are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illness like depression and insomnia. Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller, and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery. Opioids are used for pain relief, including anaesthesia and suppression of diarrhoea. Medical uses of cannabinoids include the treatment of nausea due to chemotherapy, spasticity, and possibly neuropathic pain. Prevention & Control Here are certain measures which need to be taken to prevent and control alcohol and drug abuse: 1.Persistent counselling is required to teach the child to deal with failures, pressures, stress, and disappointments. 2.Children often pick up habits from their close ones. Thus, the attitude of parents and older siblings towards alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs also affect the child’s choices. 3.In case the child is stressed out and on the verge of abuse, help must be sought from parents or even trusted friends 4.Parents must stay connected with the child, keeping a track of his whereabouts at all times. 5.However, despite all the prevention measures, if unfortunately, the child does get into the abuse, seek professional aid. There are a number of rehabilitation centres, de-addiction programs and qualified psychiatrists who would help to get rid of the problem. Bibliography • Biology NCERT (Class 12 ) th
