CHAPTER

Congruence
10 and Similarity
Further Exercise 10.1 Congruent Figures

1 Draw the following figures.

(a) Two isosceles triangles that are not congruent.

(b) Two circles that are not congruent.

Congruence and Similarity 1

Chapter 10

(c) Two figures with the same area that are not congruent.

(d) Two figures with the same perimeter that are not congruent.

2 Congruence and Similarity

 Given that ∠DAB = 72°, find the value of n.
2 In the diagram, ABCD and EFGH are two congruent diagrams.

D C
G F

(3n + 6)°
72°
H E
A B

3 In the diagram, PQR is an isosceles triangle and S is the midpoint of PQ. △PQR is divided into two
congruent triangles. Name them and explain the congruency using a suitable transformation.

P S Q

Congruence and Similarity 3

Chapter 10

4 In the diagram, Quadrilateral X' is obtained by rotating Quadrilateral X about the midpoint of CD, M.
(a) Use vertices to name the two congruent pairs of quadrilaterals.
(b) Find the values of x and y.
B

x°

X' E

D 55° C

26° y°
X
A
80°

∠YZX = 135° and ∠ZXE = 63°. Find

5 In the figure, ABCDEF and XEFAYZ are two congruent hexagons. A is the midpoint of YB. YB = 10 cm,

(a) XE,
(b) the values of x and y.
Y X
135°
63°
Z

A x° E
F
y°

B D

4 Congruence and Similarity

 Chapter 10

S Further Exercise 10.2 Congruency Tests

1 In the diagram, ABCD is a quadrilateral. The diagonals AC and BD intersect at E. AE = BE, DE = CE,
AD = BC and AB // DC. Name two pairs of congruent triangles and state the reason of congruence.

A B

D C

In the diagram, ABC is a triangle. P is the midpoint of BC and ∠BAC = 84°. D and E lie on AB and AC
respectively such that ∠BEP = ∠CEP = 90° and PD = PE. Find ∠EPC.
2

84°

D E

B P C

3 In the diagram, ABC is a triangle. E and F lie on AB and AC respectively such that DE is perpendicular to

the areas of △BDE and △CDF are equal.

AB and DF is perpendicular to AC. AD is a perpendicular bisector to BC. Given that DE = DF, explain why

E F

B D C

Congruence and Similarity 5

Chapter 10

In the diagram, X is the midpoint of AB. AB = BZ, AB = 2AC and ∠CAB = ∠ZBA = 90°. Prove that
(a) △ABC is congruent to △BZX,
4

(b) ∠ZXB = ∠BCA, A X B

(c) ∠XYB = 90°.

Y

In the diagram, ABC is a triangle. S and T lie on AB and BC respectively such that ∠ASC = ∠ATC = 90°.
Given that AS = CS, prove that △ASU is congruent to △CSB.
5

B T C

6 Congruence and Similarity

 Chapter 10

In the diagram, ABC and CDG are equilateral triangles and BCDE is a square. Prove that △BCD is
congruent to △ACG.
6

B C

A
E D

7 In the diagram, ACE is a right-angled triangle with ∠ACE = 90°. △FAB is congruent to △FED.
Prove that BFDC is a kite.

C D E

Congruence and Similarity 7

 Workbook pages for Section 10.3 Similar Figures,
Section 10.4 Areas of Similar Figures and Section 10.5
Volumes of Similar Figures are not included in this
submission.
Chapter 10

Chapter Opener Revisit

Let’s take a look at the original questions in the Chapter Opener of the Student Book:
An architect wants to create a blueprint for a square piece of land to build a resort. The resort consists of a
hotel building, a theme park, a shopping arcade and a swimming pool. He comes up with two proposals
on how to divide the land to build the facilities.
Proposal 1: The land is cut into two identical rectangles and two similar squares, which areas are in the
ratio 4 : 1.
Proposal 2: The land is cut into four identical quadrilaterals that are not rectangles or squares.
How would you decide if the proposals are feasible?

Fun with Maths!

Use a graphing software or graph paper, construct △ABC such that AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm and AC = 4.1 cm.
Draw any line DE that is parallel to BC.

D E

B C

What do you observe about the ratio AD : DB and AE : EC. Repeat this using another triangle of your own.
Prove that your observation is true for any triangle.

8 Congruence and Similarity

 CHAPTERS
Revision
10-12 Exercise
1 In the diagram, a circle is divided into two congruent figures, A and B, each bounded by two small
semicircles and one large semicircle. Given that the radius of the circle is 7 cm, calculate
(a) the area of Figure A,
(b) the perimeter of Figure B.

2 S In the diagram, KLMN is a trapezium with NM // KL. NM = 9 cm and KL = 6 cm. The area of the larger
shaded triangle is 18 cm2. Find
(a) the area of the smaller triangle,
(b) the area of the trapezium KLMN.

K 6 cm L

N 9 cm M

Congruence and Similarity 9

Chapters 10-12

(a) Name the triangle congruent to △AEF and state the reason of congruence.
3 S In the diagram, ABC, BDE and EFG are triangles. AE = DB, EF = BE and EF // BD.

(b) Prove that △AEG is similar to △DCG.

(c) AE = 9 cm, EG = 3 cm, CD = 5 cm and EF = x cm.

(ii) Prove that △AEF is similar to △ABC.

(i) Calculate CG.

(ii) Hence, form an equation in x and show that it reduces to x2 + 9x – 36 = 0.

A

9 cm

E x cm
F
3 cm
G

B C 5 cm D

10 Congruence and Similarity