The document discusses quadrilaterals and parallelograms. It defines different types of quadrilaterals and the properties of parallelograms. Specifically, it states that a quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides and a parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel opposite sides. It also lists 5 conditions that guarantee a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, such as having two pairs of opposite sides that are congruent or two pairs of opposite angles that are congruent. The document provides examples of using the properties of parallelograms to determine missing side lengths and angle measures.
The document discusses quadrilaterals and parallelograms. It defines different types of quadrilaterals and the properties of parallelograms. Specifically, it states that a quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides and a parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel opposite sides. It also lists 5 conditions that guarantee a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, such as having two pairs of opposite sides that are congruent or two pairs of opposite angles that are congruent. The document provides examples of using the properties of parallelograms to determine missing side lengths and angle measures.
The document discusses quadrilaterals and parallelograms. It defines different types of quadrilaterals and the properties of parallelograms. Specifically, it states that a quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides and a parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel opposite sides. It also lists 5 conditions that guarantee a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, such as having two pairs of opposite sides that are congruent or two pairs of opposite angles that are congruent. The document provides examples of using the properties of parallelograms to determine missing side lengths and angle measures.
The document discusses quadrilaterals and parallelograms. It defines different types of quadrilaterals and the properties of parallelograms. Specifically, it states that a quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides and a parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel opposite sides. It also lists 5 conditions that guarantee a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, such as having two pairs of opposite sides that are congruent or two pairs of opposite angles that are congruent. The document provides examples of using the properties of parallelograms to determine missing side lengths and angle measures.
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Mathematics 9
Quarter 3 – Module 1 Introduction to Quadrilaterals Lesson 1: Introduction to Quadrilaterals
QUADRILATERALS and its DEFINITIONS
KIND DEFINITION Quadrilateral It is a polygon with 4 sides. Parallelogram It is a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides parallel. Rectangle It is a parallelogram with four right angles. Rhombus It is a parallelogram with four congruent sides. Square It is a parallelogram with four right angles and four congruent sides. Kite It is a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent, congruent sides. Trapezoid It is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite sides parallel. Isosceles It is a trapezoid whose non-parallel opposites sides are congruent. Trapezoid
Lesson 2: Conditions that Guarantee that a Quadrilateral is a Parallelogram
Conditions that Guarantee that a QUADRILATERAL is a PARALLELOGRAM
Statement Figure 1. In Quadrilateral ABCD, AB and DC (opposite sides) AD and BC (opposite sides).
AB = 7 and DC = 7 AB ≅ DC (congruent) AD = 6 and BC = 6 AD ≅ BC (congruent) 2. In Quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A and ∠C (opposite angles) ∠B and ∠D (opposite angles). m∠A = 115°, m∠C = 115° m∠A ≅ m∠C (congruent) m∠B = 65°, m∠D = 65° m∠B ≅ m∠D (congruent)
3. In Quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A and ∠B (consecutive angles) ∠B and ∠C (consecutive angles) ∠C and ∠D (consecutive angles) ∠D and ∠A (consecutive angles).
m∠A + m∠B = 180° (supplementary) 115° + 65° =180°
m∠B + m∠C = 180° (supplementary) 65° + 115° =180° m∠C + m∠D = 180° (supplementary) 115° + 65° =180° m∠D + m∠A = 180°(supplementary) 65° + 115° = 180° 4. In Quadrilateral ABCD, AC and DB are diagonals meet at point X.
AX ≅ CX and DX ≅ BX (diagonals bisect each other)
5. In Quadrilateral ABCD, AC and DB
are diagonals.
ADC ≅ CBA BAD ≅ DCB (diagonals form two congruent triangles)
Lesson 3: Properties Parallelogram
Properties of Parallelogram: 1. Two pairs of opposite sides are congruent. 2. Two pairs of opposite angles are congruent. 3. Any two consecutive angles are supplementary. 4. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. 5. A diagonal of a parallelogram forms two congruent triangles.
Example: Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
1. What are the measures of DC and BC ? AB = 8cm, AB≅ DC , Answer: DC = 8cm A 8cm B Property: Two pairs of opposite sides are parallel and congruent. 6cm AD= 6m, AD BC , Answer: BC = 6cm Property: Two pairs of opposite sides are congruent. 60° 2. If m ∠D = 60⁰, what are the measures of ∠B, ∠C and ∠A? D C m∠D = 60°, m∠D ≅ m∠B, Answer: m∠B = 60⁰ Property: Two pairs of opposite angles are congruent. m∠D = 60°, m∠D + m∠C = 180° Answer: m∠C = 120⁰ Property: Any two consecutive angles are supplementary. m∠D = 60°, m∠D + m∠A = 180° Answer: m∠A = 120⁰ Property: Any two consecutive angles are supplementary. Example: Quadrilateral EFGH is a parallelogram. 3. Diagonals EG and FH measures 16cm and 18cm respectively and they meet at point X, what are the measures of line segments EX and GX , FX and HX ? Diagonals EG and FH bisect each other. EG = 16cm FH = 18cm Property: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
To find for FX , To find for EX , To find for GX , To find for HX ,
FX = FH/2 EX = EG/2 EX = GX FX = HX FX = 18cm/2 FX = EX = 16cm/2 GX = 8cm (Answer) HX = 9cm (Answer) 9cm (Answer) EX = 8cm (Answer)
4. Name two pairs of congruent triangles.
EG and FH are diagonals. Answer: 1st pair: EHG ≅ GFE 2nd pair: FEH ≅ HGF Property: A diagonal of a parallelogram forms two congruent triangles.
Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the correct answer and write the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. 1. Quadrilateral is a polygon with ___ sides. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 2. It is a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles. a. Rectangle b. Rhombus c. Square d. Trapezoid
3. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite sides are ___________.
a. congruent b. supplementary c. both a and b d. neither a and b
4. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite angles are __________.
a. congruent b. supplementary c. both a and b d. neither a and b
5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of consecutive angles are __________.
a. congruent b. supplementary c. both a and b d. neither a and b
For nos.6-10. Kindly refer your answers to the figure below.
Quadrilateral ABCD is a Parallelogram. A 10 B o 6
75° X D C o 6. What is the measure of DC ? a. 10 b. 6 c. 5 d. 3
7. What is the Perimeter of parallelogram ABCD?
a. 60 b. 32 c. 26 d. 16
8. If m∠A = 105°, what is the measure of ∠B?
a. 105° b. 75° c. 55° d. 45° 9. AC and DB are diagonals. If AC = 14 and DB = 16, what are the measures of CX and DX ? a. 7 and 8 b. 6 and 7 c. 5 and 6 d. 4 and 5
10. What are two congruent triangles formed by the two diagonals? a. 1st pair: ADC ≅ CBA c.1 st pair: DXA ≅ AXB 2 pair: BAD ≅ DCB 2 nd nd pair: BXC ≅ CXD
