QUADRILATERALS

P R E PA R E D B Y :
REDEN D. ORIOLA
 Objectives

At the end of the lesson, we are expected to:

• Classify the different kinds of quadrilaterals
• solve the area of different polygonal regions
• prove theorems involving quadrilaterals
What is a Quadrilateral?

?
What is a Quadrilateral? A quadrilateral is a two-
dimensional figure with four
sides and four angles.

SIDES:
AB, AD, BC, DC
Quadrilaterals in the real world
Classification of
Quadrilaterals
• Parallelogram
• Trapezoid
• Kite
 Parallelogram

A parallelogram is a special type of quadrilateral

with two pairs of opposite sides that are parallel
In this lesson . . .
And the rest of the chapter, you will study special
quadrilaterals. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral
with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
When you mark diagrams of quadrilaterals, use
matching arrowheads to indicate which sides are
parallel. For example, in the diagram to the right,
PQ║RS and QR║SP. The symbol PQRS is
read “parallelogram PQRS.”
 Opposite sides of a
parallelograms are parallel!!!
Theorems about parallelograms
Q R
• 5.1 Opposite
sides of a
parallelogram
are __________.

►PQ≅RS and
SP≅QR P S
Theorems about parallelograms
Q R
• 5.2 Opposite
angles of a
parallelogram
are
____________.

P ≅ R and
P S
Q ≅ S
Theorems about parallelograms
Q R
• 5.3 Diagonals of
a parallelogram
____ each other.

QM ≅ SM and
PM ≅ RM
P S
Ex. 1: Using properties of
Parallelograms
F 5 G
• FGHJ is a parallelogram. Find the
unknown length. K 3

a. JH
b. JK
J H

b.
Answers:
c. JH =5
d. JK = 3
 Consecutive angles of a
parallelogram are supplementary!
Ex. 2: Using properties of parallelograms
Q R

PQRS is a parallelogram.
Find the angle measure.
a. mR 70°

b. mQ P S

a. mR = mP
mR = 70°
b. mQ + mP = 180°
mQ + 70° = 180°
mQ = 110°
  
If quadrilateral RSTU is a
parallelogram find the values of x,
y, a, and b.
R 6 S
y x
9 b

80
U a T
3y+4 = 13 4x = 8 RS = 3y +4 ST = 4x
3y = 13-4 4x/4 = 8/4
3y = 9
=3(3)+4 = 4(2)
x=2
y=3 = 13 =8
Given: Parallelogram ABCD.
Prove:
Construct an auxiliary line
that is the diagonal BD 
Given: Parallelogram ABCD.
Prove:
Construct an auxiliary line
that is the diagonal BD 
Given:
Prove: Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram
 Rectangle

The diagonals of a rectangle are

congruent
Area of a Rectangle
Area = length x width
Hugh orders a party banner for his son's birthday.
The length and width of the banner are 72 inches and
23 inches respectively. What is the area of the party
banner?

A=lxw
A = 72 x 23
A = 1656 square inches
The length of a rectangle is (2x-3), its
width is (x+7). Find the area of the
rectangle if x = 3

A=lxw

A = (2x-3)(x+7)
= (2x3-3)(3+7)
= (3)(10)
A = 30
Perimeter =
Given: Quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle.
Prove: AC ≅ BD
Given: Rectangle ABCD with diagonals AC and DB
Prove: AC ≅ DB
 Square

Square is a parallelogram with four

congruent sides and four right angles
 Perimeter of a Square
Perimeter

Perimeter

Perimeter

Perimeter

Perimeter
 Rhombus

A Rhombus is a parallelogram with four

congruent sides
 Properties of a Rhombus
A B

D C
Area of a Rhombus
Given:
a=2 b=3

A = ½ ab A = 6/2
A = ½ (2)(3) A= 3

Given:
s=3 a=5
A = sh or A = bh
A= 3 x 5
A = 15

Given:
s = 5 m<A = 20 deg
 
Given:
Rhombus LIKE with
Diagonals LK and IE
Prove: LK ⊥ IE
Given:
Rhombus LIKE with
Diagonals LK and IE
Prove: LK ⊥ IE
 Vocabulary
• Trapezoid – a quadrilateral with exactly one pair
of parallel sides.
base
A B

leg leg

D C
base
• A trapezoid has two pairs of base angles. In this
example the base angles are A & B and C &
D
 Base Angles Trapezoid Theorem
• If a trapezoid is isosceles, then each pair of
base angles is congruent.
A B

D C

 A   B,  C   D
 Diagonals of a Trapezoid Theorem
• A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if its
diagonals are congruent.
A B

D C
 Example 1
• PQRS is an isosceles trapezoid. Find m P, m Q
and mR.
S R
50

P Q

m R = 50 since base angles are congruent

mP = 130 and mQ = 130 (consecutive angles

of parallel lines cut by a transversal are )
 Definition
• Midsegment of a trapezoid – the segment
that connects the midpoints of the legs.

midsegment
Midsegment Theorem for Trapezoids
• The midsegment of a trapezoid is parallel to each
base and its length is one half the sum of the
lengths of the bases.
B C

M N

A D
 If given both base length…
12
A B For trapezoid ABCD, F and G
Are midpoints of the legs.

If AB = 12 and DC = 24,
F G Find FG.

D C  
24
 If given the mid segment length
and a base length…
A 7 B For trapezoid ABCD, F and G
Are midpoints of the legs.
If AB = 7 and FG = 21,
F 21 G Find DC.

D
C  

 
Multiply both sides by 2 to get rid of fraction:
42 = 12 +DC
30 = DC
1. Isosceles Trapezoid ARTS with ||
2. Corresponding sides
3. <A and <ART ≅ < S
4. Corresponding Angles
5. Two angles are supplementary when the add to 180 °
 Definition
• Kite – a quadrilateral that has two pairs of
consecutive congruent sides, but opposite sides are
not congruent.
 Theorem: Perpendicular Diagonals
of a Kite
• If a quadrilateral is a kite, then its diagonals are
perpendicular.
C

B
D

A
 Theorem:
Opposite Angles of a Kite
• If a quadrilateral is a kite, then exactly one pair of
opposite angles are congruent
C

B D

A  C, B  D
 Example 2
• Find the side lengths of the kite.
X

12
20 12
W Y
U
12

Z
 Example 2 Continued X

12
W 20 12
U Y

We can use the Pythagorean Theorem to 12

find the side lengths. Z

122 + 202 = (WX)2 122 + 122 = (XY)2

144 + 400 = (WX)2 144 + 144 = (XY)2
544 = (WX)2 288 = (XY)2
 ExampleJ 3
• Find mG and mJ.
60 K
H 132

Since GHJK is a kite G  J

G
So 2(mG) + 132 + 60 = 360
2(mG) =168
mG = 84 and mJ = 84
 Try This!
• RSTU is a kite. Find mR, mS and mT.
S
125
R x+30 x T

125
U
x +30 + 125 + 125 + x = 360
2x + 280 = 360
2x = 80
x = 40
So mR = 70, mT = 40 and mS = 125