Chapter 5

1. An amplifier must be powered and have an input signal to develop a normal output signal. (T)

2. An amplifier has a voltage gain of 50. If the input signal is 2 millivolts (mV), the output signal should be
50 mV. (F)

3. The input signal to an amplifier is 1 mA. The output signal is 10 mA. The amplifier has a current gain of
10 W. (F)

4. The input signal to an amplifier is 100 microvolts (μV), and its output signal is 50 mV, so its voltage
gain is 500. (T)

5. A step-up transformer has voltage gain, so it may be considered an amplifier. (F)

6. All amplifiers have power gain.(T)

7. The emitter region of a junction transistor is heavily doped to have many current carriers.(T)

8. A bipolar device may be connected in either direction and still give proper operation. (F)

9. The collector-base junction must be forward-biased for proper transistor action. (F)

10. A defective NPN transistor can be replaced with a PNP type. (F)

11. Even though the collector-base junction is reverse-biased, considerable current can flow in this part
of the circuit. (T)

12. The base of a BJT is thin and lightly doped with impurities. (T)

13. When I B is equal to zero a BJT is off, and IC will also be close to or equal to zero. (T)

14. Base current controls collector current.(T)

15. Base current is greater than emitter current.(F)

16. Transistor β is measured in milliamperes. (F)

17. 2N2222 transistors are manufactured to have a current gain of 222 from the base to the collector.
(F)
18. In a PNP transistor, the emitter emits holes and the collector collects them. (T)

19. A PNP transistor is turned on by forwardbiasing its base-emitter junction. Solve the following
problems. (T)

20. A transistor has a base current of 500 μA and a β of 85. Find the collector current. (42.5 mA)

21. A transistor has a collector current of 1 mA and a β of 150. Find its base current.( 6.67 μA)

22. A transistor has a base current of 200 μA and a collector current of 50 mA. Find its β.( 250)

23. A transistor has a collector current of 1 A and an emitter current of 1.01 A. Find its base current. (10
mA)

24. Find β for the transistor described in problem 23.( 100)

25. Refer to Fig. 5-9. Voltage VCE = 4 V and current IC = 3 mA. I B = . (20 μA)

26. Refer to Fig. 5-9. Current I B = 90 μA and voltage VCE = 4 V. I C = . (. 11 mA)

27. Refer to Fig. 5-9. Voltage VCE = 6 V and current IC = 8 mA. β = . (133)
28. Refer to Fig. 5-9. Current I B = 100 μA and voltage VCE = 8 V. PC = . (. 96 mW)

29. Refer to Fig. 5-9. VCE is held constant at 4 V. IB changes from 60 to 80 μA. βac = . (100)

30. Germanium transistors turn on when VBE reaches V. (0.2)

31. Silicon transistors turn on when VBE reaches ________ V.(0.6)

32. Of the two semiconductor materials, ________ is the better conductor.( germanium)

33. Device manufacturers publish data sheets and data manuals for solid-state devices.(T)

34. Almost all solid-state devices have the leads marked on the case. (F)

35. A PNP transistor can be replaced with an NPN type if it is a general-purpose type. (F)

36. Replacing a 2N2222 transistor made by Motorola with a 2N2222 transistor made by another
company is not an exact replacement. (F)

37. It is possible to choose a replacement transistor by considering polarity, semiconductor material,

38. Transistor junctions can be checked with an ohmmeter. (T)

39. Junction failures account for most bad transistors. (T)

40. A good transistor should show a low resistance from emitter to collector, regardless of the
ohmmeter polarity. (F)

41. It is not possible to locate the base lead of a transistor with an ohmmeter. (F)

42. Suppose that the positive lead of an ohmmeter is connected to the base of a good transistor. Also
assume that touching either of the remaining transistor leads with the negative lead shows a moderate
resistance. The transistor must be an NPN type. (T)

43. It is possible to verify transistor gain with an ohmmeter. (T)

44. Transistor testing with an ohmmeter is limited to in-circuit checks. (F)

45. It is not possible to check transistors that are soldered into a circuit.(F)

46. The schematic symbol for a phototransistor may or may not show a base lead. (T)

47. Refer to Fig. 5-26. The current in the relay coil will increase as more light enters the transistor.(T)

48. Refer to Fig. 5-27. Applying forward bias across pins 1 and 2 will allow current to flow from pin 4 to
pin 5. (T)

49. Bipolar junction transistors are bipolar devices. (T)

50. The JFET is a unipolar device. (T)

51. A depletion-mode transistor uses gate voltage to increase the number of carriers in the channel. (F)

52. Bipolar transistors are current amplifiers, while unipolar transistors are voltage amplifiers. (T)

53. It is possible to turn off an N-channel JFET with negative gate voltage. (T)

54. In P-channel JFET circuits, the gate diode is normally forward-biased. (F)

55. A MOSFET must be handled carefully to prevent breakdown of the gate insulator. (T)
56. It is possible to operate a MOSFET in the enhancement mode. (T)

57. The enhancement mode means that carriers are being pushed out of the channel by gate voltage. (F)

58. The FET makes a better high-inputresistance amplifier than the bipolar type.(T)

59. All TO-220 transistors must be bolted to a heat sink. (F)

60. Power transistors are derated for temperatures below 25°C. (F)

61. Figure 5-30 shows second breakdown. (F)

62. Dissipation increases with increases in voltage or current.(T)

63. Power transistors are almost never operated at their maximum ratings.(T)

64. VDS(max) can be safely exceeded as long as P(max) is not. (F)

65. Secondary breakdown only occurs in VFETs. (F)

66. Second breakdown only occurs at a current near the maximum. (F)

67. The operating point at –12 V and –1 A in Fig. 5-33 represents negative power. (F)

68. The data from question 61 represent an unsafe operating point. (T)

69. Collector breakdown occurs at high IC.(F)

70. SOA means silicon on arsenide.(F)

71. A transistor could be safe with a 20-A pulse yet be unsafe with a steady current of 5 A. (T)

72. Duty cycle has no bearing on PD (max) or ID (max). (F)

73. A Darlington transistor might have an hFE of several thousand. (T)

74. A large current can cause a transistor to go permanently open circuit. (T)

75. A power Darlington cannot be tested with an ohmmeter. (F)

76. A parasitic transistor will always cause latchup and circuit damage. (F)

77. The body diode inside a power MOSFET can act as a freewheeling diode. (T)

78. N-channel enhancement mode devices are turned off by applying about 10 V positive to the gate
lead. (F)

79. IGBTs need a large positive dc gate current to turn on. (F)

80. A thermal circuit is usually modeled as a series electrical circuit.(T)

81. Heat sinks should lower the resistance of a thermal circuit. (T)

82. Heat sink temperature cannot be predicted by circuit simulation. (F)

83. When remounting power transistors, it is OK to discard any washers that did not act as electrical
insulators.(F)

84. The ideal switch has infinite offresistance. What about its on-resistance? (ideally, zero)

85. An ideal switch dissipates no power when it is on. Why? (ideally, it drops zero volts)

86. An ideal switch dissipates no power when it is off. Why? (ideally, the current flow is zero)
87. What is happening to the battery in Fig. 5-47 when Q3 is turned on by the computer? (it is charging)

88. What is happening to the battery in Fig. 5-47 when Q2 is turned on by the computer? (. it is
discharging)

89. What is happening to the battery in Fig. 5-47 when both lines coming out of the charge/discharge
control block are at 0 V?( nothing (it is not charging or discharging))

90. Assuming normal operation, are both Q3 and Q2 in Fig. 5-47 ever turned on at the same time? (no)

91. Refer to Fig. 5-49(b). Ignoring transitions, how many coils are active at any given time? (two)

92. Stepper motors have poor efficiency since they use power when they are standing still. Which
section of Fig. 5-49 proves this? Solve the following problems. (b)

93. Determine a new value for the charge limit resistor in Fig. 5-47 to set the charging current to 1 A.( 8
Ω)

94. Determine a new value for the discharge limit resistor in Fig. 5-47 to set the discharge current to 0.5
A.( 24 Ω)

Chapter 6

1. The ratio of output to input is called gain. (T)

2. The symbol for voltage gain is AV.(T)

3. Human hearing is linear for loudness.(F)

4. The dB gain or loss of a system is proportional to the common logarithm of the gain ratio.(T)

5. The overall performance of a system is found by multiplying the individual dB gains. (F)

6. The overall performance of a system is found by adding the ratio gains. (F)

7. If the output signal is less than the input signal, the dB gain will be negative.(T)

8. The voltage gain of an amplifier in decibels will be equal to the power gain in decibels only if Rin =
Rout. (T)

9. The dBm scale uses 1 μW as the reference level. Solve the following problems. (F)

10. A two-stage amplifier has a voltage ratio of 35 in the first stage and 80 in the second stage. What is
the overall voltage ratio of the amplifier? (2,800)

11. A two-stage amplifier has a voltage gain of 26 dB in the first stage and 38 dB in the second stage.
What is the overall dB gain?( 64 dB)

12. A two-way radio needs about 3 V of audio input to the speaker for good volume. If the receiver
sensitivity is specified at 1 μV, what will the overall gain of the receiver have to be in decibels? (130 dB)

13. A 100-W audio amplifier is specified at −3 dB at 20 Hz. What power output can be expected at 20
Hz? (50 W)

14. A transmitter produces 5 W of output power. A 12-dB power amplifier is added. What is the output
power from the amplifier? (79.2 W)
15. A transmitting station feeds 1,000 W of power into an antenna with an 8-dB gain. What is the
effective radiated power of this station? (. 6.31 kW)

16. The manufacturer of an RF generator specifies its maximum output as +10 dBm. What is the
maximum output power available from the generator in watts?( 10 × 10−3 W)

17. In a common-emitter amplifier, the input signal is applied to the collector. (F)

18. In a common-emitter amplifier, the output signal is taken from the emitter terminal. (F)

19. A coupling capacitor allows ac signals to be amplified but blocks direct current. (T)

20. Common-emitter amplifiers show a 180-degree phase inversion. (T)

21. Overdriving an amplifier causes the output to be clipped. (T)

22. The best operating point for a linear amplifier is at saturation. Solve the following problems. (F)

23. Refer to Fig. 6-6. Change the value of RB to 75 kΩ. Do not take VBE into account. Find IB. (160 μA)

24. With RB changed to 75 kΩ in Fig. 6-6, what is the new value of collector current? (8 mA)

25. With RB changed to 75 kΩ in Fig. 6-6, what is VRL ?( . 8V)

26. With RB changed to 75 kΩ in Fig. 6-6, what is VCE? (. 4 V)

27. Refer to Fig. 6-10. Find the new operating point on the load line using your answer from problem 23,
and project down to the voltage axis to find VCE. (VCE = 4 V)

28. Refer to Fig. 6-10. Project to the left from the new operating point and find IC. (. I C = 8 mA)

29. Refer to Fig. 6-6. Change the value of RB to 50 kΩ. Do not correct for VBE and determine the base
current, the collector current, the voltage drop across the load resistor, and the voltage drop across the
transistor. Is the transistor in saturation, in cutoff, or in the linear range? (I B = 240 μA I C = 12 mA VRL =
12 V VCE = 0 V saturation)

30. Refer to Figs. 6-6 and 6-10. If VCC is changed to 10 V, determine both end points for the new load
line.( VCE(cutoff) = 10 V Isat = 10 mA)

31. Refer to Fig. 6-14. If VB = 1.5 V and VBE = 0.7 V, what is the voltage drop across RE? (.0.8 V)

32. Refer to Fig. 6-14. If VCC = 10 V, VRL = 4.4 V, and VRE = 1.2 V, what is VCE? (4.4 V)

33. Using the data from problem 32, find VC. Problems 34 through 40 refer to Fig. 6-15 with these
changes: RB2 = 1.5 kΩ and RL = 2,700 Ω. (5.6 V)

34. Calculate VB. (0.923 V)

35. Calculate I E.( 2.23 mA)

36. Calculate VRL . (6.02 V)

37. Calculate VCE. (5.75 V)

38. Is the amplifier operating in the center of the load line? (very close to it)

39. Calculate AV. (24)

40. Calculate the range for AV if an emitter bypass capacitor is added to the circuit.( 120 to 241)
41. The configuration of an amplifier can be determined by inspecting which transistor terminals are
used for input and output. (T)

42. For maximum power transfer, the source resistance must be equal to the load resistance. (T)

43. The term emitter follower is applied to common-emitter amplifiers. (F)

44. The common-collector configuration is the best choice for matching a highimpedance source to a
low-impedance load. (T)

45. The amplifier shown in Fig. 6-23 is in the common-emitter configuration.(F)

46. A signal source has an impedance of 300 Ω. It develops an output of 1 V. Calculate the power
transfer from this source into each of the following amplifiers:

a. Amplifier A has an input impedance of 100 Ω. (a. 0.625 mW)

b. Amplifier B has an input impedance of 300 Ω.( . 0.833 mW)

c. Amplifier C has an input impedance of 900 Ω.( 0.625 mW)

47. Refer to Fig. 6-19. VCC = 12 V, RB1 = 47 kΩ, and RB2 = 68 kΩ. If RL is a 470-Ω resistor, what is the dc
emitter current IE?( 13.6 mA)

48. Refer to Fig. 6-21. RB1 = 5.6 kΩ, RB2 = 2.2 kΩ, and RE = 270 Ω. Assume both coils have zero
resistance. What is the collector current IC?( 9.94 mA)

49. List some things that can be simulated with computers. (weather, circuits, physical systems, etc)

50. Give an example of a mathematical model. (Ohm’s law, the diode equation, etc.)

51. What does the acronym SPICE represent? (simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis)

52. Give an example of a device model. (data for an actual device, including its temperature
performance, its saturation current, etc.)

53. What is another name for repeated guessing? (. Iteration)

54. What does failure to converge mean? (iteration failed to produce an answer close enough to a
required value)

55. What is a parameter sweep good for?( investigating the effect of a device parameter or
temperature)

56. Why are ideal models OK at low frequencies?( . the stray inductance and capacitance are too small
to be significant)

Chapter 7

1. Capacitive coupling cannot be used in dc amplifiers. (T)

2. Transformer coupling cannot be used in dc amplifiers. (T)

3. A shorted coupling capacitor cannot be found by making dc voltage checks. (F)

4. An open coupling capacitor can be found by making dc voltage checks. (F)

5. A shorted bypass capacitor can be found by making dc voltage checks. (T)

6. If a signal source and a load have two different impedances, transformer coupling can be used to
achieve an impedance match.(T)
 7. Refer to Fig. 7-1. A coupling capacitor should present no more than one-tenth the impedance of the
load it is working into. If the second stage has an input impedance of 2 kΩ, and the circuit must amplify
frequencies as low as 20 Hz, what is the minimum value for C2 ?( 39.8 μF)

8. Refer to Fig. 7-1. Assume C2 shorts and the base voltage of Q2 increases to 6 V. Also assume that Q2
has a load resistor of 1,200 Ω and an emitter resistor of 1,000 Ω. Solve the circuit and prove that Q2 goes
into saturation. (I E = 5.3 mA VRL = 6.36 V VRE + VRL > VCC Amplifier is in saturation)

9. Refer to Fig. 7-3. If Q1 has a β of 50 and Q2 has a β of 100, what is the current gain from the base
terminal to the emitter terminal?( 5,000)

10. Refer to Fig. 7-4. Assume that the 220-kΩ resistor is changed to a 330-kΩ resistor. Find the current
flow in the 1-kΩ resistor. (3.55 mA)

11. Find the voltage drop from collector to emitter for Q2 for the data given in problem 10. (. 8.45 V)

12. Refer to Fig. 7-5. Assume the turns ratio is 14:1 (primary to secondary). What load does the collector
of the transistor see?( 1.96 kΩ)

13. The open-circuit output voltage of a signal source with a moderate characteristic impedance will not
change when connected to an amplifier that has a moderate input impedance. (F)

14. Emitter bypassing in a common-emitter stage increases the amplifier’s gain and input impedance.

15. Loading an amplifier always decreases its voltage gain. (F)

16. An amplifier’s quiescent current is the same as its static current. (T)

17. An amplifier will provide the most undistorted peak-to-peak output swing when it is biased for the
center of the signal load line. (T)

18. Checking to see whether VCE is half of the supply will not confirm that a loaded linear amplifier is
properly biased. (T)

19. The maximum output swing from a loaded amplifier is less than the supply voltage. Solve the
following problems. (T)

20. A microphone has a characteristic impedance of 100 kΩ and an open-circuit output of 200 mV. How
much signal voltage will this microphone deliver to an amplifier with an input impedance of 2 kΩ? (3.92
mV)

21. It was determined that the overall voltage gain for the two-stage amplifier shown in Fig. 7-9 is 21.7.
Find the maximum input signal for this amplifier that will not cause clipping. (Hint: Use Fig. 7-11 to
determine the maximum output first.) (. 0.264 V peak-to-peak)

22. Find the input impedance for the first stage in Fig. 7-9 if the 270-Ω emitter resistor is bypassed.
Assume that the current in the 270-Ω resistor is 5 mA and that β = 100. Use 50 mV when estimating rE.
(880 Ω)

23. Find the voltage gain of the second stage in Fig. 7-9 assuming that the 100-Ω emitter resistor is
bypassed and the emitter current is 10 mA. Use 50 mV when estimating rE.( 81)

24. Voltage-controlled amplifiers usually have a lower input impedance than current-controlled
amplifiers. (F)

25. Gate current is avoided in JFET amplifiers by keeping the gate-source junction reverse-biased.(T)
26. A separate gate supply, such as the one shown in Fig. 7-14(a), is the best way to keep the gate
junction reverse-biased.(F)

27. The voltage gain of an FET amplifier is given in siemens. (F)

28. Source bias tends to stabilize FET amplifiers. (T)

29. Dual-gate MOSFETs are not used as linear amplifiers.(F)

30. Refer to Fig. 7-14(a). Assume I D = 3 mA. Find VDS. (. 5 V)

31. Refer to Fig. 7-14(b). Assume VGS = 0 V. Where would the transistor be operating? (saturation)

32. Refer to Fig. 7-14(b). Assume VGS = −3.0 V. Where would the transistor be operating?( cutoff)

33. Refer to Fig. 7-16. If I D = 1.5 mA and RS = 1,000 Ω, what is the value of VGS? (−1.5 V)

34. Refer to Fig. 7-19. Assume VDD = 15 V and ID = 2 mA. What is the value of VGS? What is the gate
polarity with respect to the source? (−2.48 V; negative)

35. Refer to Fig. 7-24. In what circuit configuration is Q1 connected? Q2 ? (common drain (source
follower) common collector (emitter follower))

36. Refer to Fig. 7-24. If the input is going in a positive direction, in what direction will the output go?( .
positive)

37. Negative feedback always decreases the voltage or current gain of an amplifier.(T)

38. Feedback can be used to raise or lower the input impedance of an amplifier. (T)

39. Negative feedback decreases the frequency range of amplifiers.(F)

40. Negative dc feedback in an amplifier will make it less temperature-sensitive.( T)

41. The second amplifier stage in Fig. 7-31 is operating in the common-collector configuration. Solve the
following problems.( F)

42. Refer to Fig. 7-26. Assume the voltage gain of the amplifier is 50 and the collector feedback resistor
is 100 kΩ. What signal loading effect will RF present to the signal source? (2 kΩ)

43. Refer to Fig. 7-28. Assume that the current gain of the transistor is 100 and RE is a 220-Ω resistor.
What is the base-toground impedance rin for the input signal, ignoring RB1 and RB2 ? (22 kΩ)

44. Refer to Fig. 7-28. What will happen to the input impedance of the amplifier if RE is bypassed?( It will
decrease.)

45. Refer to Fig. 7-32. Assume the signal at the base of the 2N4401 is negative-going. What will be the
signal at its collector? (positive-going)

46. What is the configuration of the 2N4403 in Fig. 7-32?( common emitter)

47. Suppose the amplifier in Fig. 7-33 has an input impedance of 600 Ω and a midband voltage gain of
10. Find the midband output voltage from the amplifier if the signal source has an impedance of 600 Ω
and develops 100 mVP–P.( 500 mVP–P)

48. Find the lower break frequency for the input circuit in question 47 if the input coupling capacitor is
0.1 μF. (1.33 kHz)

49. What is the midband dB gain of the amplifier described in question 47?( 20 dB)

50. What is the gain of the amplifier in question 47 at its break frequency? (. 17 dB (7.07))
51. Select an input coupling capacitor for the amplifier described in question 47 that will change its
break frequency to 10 Hz. (13.3 μF)

52. An amplifier has three capacitors. Calculations reveal break frequencies of 10, 15, and 150 Hz. What
is the lower break frequency for the entire amplifier? (. 150 Hz)

53. An amplifier has three capacitors. Calculations reveal break frequencies of 135, 140, and 150 Hz.
What is the lower break frequency for the entire amplifier? (greater than 150 Hz)

54. Determine the dc conditions for Fig. 7-35.( For Q1 : VB = 2.55, VE = 1.85, IE = 1.85 mA, VC = 4.41, VCE
= 2.56; for Q2 : VC = 10.5, VE = 4.41, VCE = 6.09)

55. When feedback is used to decrease bandwidth, it is _________. (positive)

56. When feedback is used to create hysteresis, it is _________. (hysteresis)

57. If the input signal to the circuit shown in Fig. 7-38 is changed from triangular to sinusoidal, the
output signal will be _________. (rectangular)

58. A transistor switching circuit with positive feedback will not be subject to noise provided that the
_________ voltage is greater than the noise voltage. (. Hysteresis)

59. A transistor switching circuit with identical on and off threshold voltages has zero _________.
(hysteresis)

60. The purpose of R5 in Fig. 7-38 is to provide _________ _________ from U2 to U1 .( positive
feedback)

Chapter 8

1. A voltage amplifier or small-signal amplifier gives no power gain. (F)

2. The efficiency of a class A amplifier is less than that of a class B amplifier.(T)

3. The conduction angle for a class A power amplifier is 180 degrees. (F)

4. Refer to Fig. 8-3. With no input signal, the power taken from the supply will be 0 W. (F)

5. Refer to Fig. 8-4. With no input signal, the power taken from the supply will be 0 W.(T)

6. Bias controls an amplifier’s operating point, conduction angle, class of operation, and efficiency.(T)

7. Refer to Fig. 8-2. Suppose the power supply is rated at 20 V. What is the efficiency of the power
amplifier?O(40 percent)

8. A certain amplifier is producing an output power of 100 W. Its efficiency is 60 percent. How much
power will the amplifier take from the supply?( 167 W)

9. Refer to Fig. 8-5. The current gain of the transistor is 120. Calculate the power dissipated in the
transistor with no input signal. (0.768 W)

10. Refer to Fig. 8-6. The operating point is at VCE = 12 V. Calculate the power dissipated in the
transistor with no input signal.( . 0.6 W)

11. Refer to Fig. 8-7. The transformer has a turns ratio from primary to secondary of 3:1. What load
does the collector of the transistor see? (720 Ω)

12. Refer to Fig. 8-7. The transformer has a turns ratio of 4:1. An oscilloscope shows a collector
sinusoidal signal of 30 V peakto-peak. What will the amplitude of the signal be across the 80-Ω load?
What will be the rms signal power delivered to the load? Determine whether each statement is true
or false. (. 7.5 V peak-to-peak; 88 mW)

13. Transformer coupling the output does not improve the efficiency of a class A amplifier. (F)

14. Refer to Fig. 8-8. The dc load line is very steep because the dc resistance of the output transformer
primary winding is so low. (T)

15. In practice, it is possible to achieve 50 percent efficiency in class A by using transformer coupling.(F)

16. Refer to Fig. 8-9. Transistors Q1 and Q2 operate in parallel. (F)

17. Refer to Fig. 8-10. Transistors Q1 and Q2 will never be on at the same time.(T)

18. Crossover distortion is caused by the nonlinearity of the base-emitter junctions in the transistors.(T)

19. Refer to Fig. 8-10. Transformer T2 has a turns ratio of 20:1. What is the load seen by the collector of
Q1 ? Q2 ? (. 800 Ω; 800 Ω)

20. A class A power amplifier is designed to deliver 5 W of power. What is dissipated in the transistor at
zero signal level? (. 10 W)

21. A class B push-pull amplifier is designed to deliver 10 W of power. What is the most power that must
be dissipated by each transistor? (. 2 W)

22. Refer to Fig. 8-12. Assume the amplifier is being driven to only half its maximum swing. Calculate the
rms power output. (0.4)

23. Refer to Fig. 8-12. Assume the amplifier is driven to half its maximum swing. Calculate the average
power input. (1.02 W)

24. Refer to Fig. 8-12. Assume the amplifier is driven to half its maximum swing. Calculate the efficiency
of the amplifier.( 39.2 percent (Note: This is half the efficiency achieved for driving the amplifier to its
maximum swing.)

25. Is the efficiency of class AB better than that of class A but not as good as that of class B? (yes)

26. Refer to Fig. 8-17. Assume that C1 shorts. In what class will the amplifier operate?(Class B)

27. Refer to Fig. 8-17. Assume that Q1 and Q2 are running very hot. Could C1 be shorted? Why or why
not? (No, because this would remove forward bias and tend to make them run cooler)

28. Refer to Fig. 8-17. Assume that Q1 and Q2 are running very hot. Could R2 be open? Why or why not?
(Yes, because this would increase forward bias)

29. Refer to Fig. 8-18. An input signal drives C1 in a positive direction. In what direction will the top of RL
be driven? (positive)

30. Refer to Fig. 8-18. An input signal drives C1 in a positive direction. Which transistor is turning off?
(Q2)

31. Refer to Fig. 8-18. Voltage VCC = 20 V. With no input signal, what should the voltage be at the
emitter of Q1 ? At the base of Q1 ? At the base of Q2 ? (Hint: The transistors are silicon.)( 10, 10.7, and
9.3 V)

32. Refer to Fig. 8-24. The transistor is silicon, and −VBB = 6 V. How positive will the input signal have to
swing to turn on the transistor?
33. Refer to Fig. 8-24. Assume the input signal is a square wave. What signal can be expected across RL ,
assuming a high-Q tank circuit?(sine wave)

34. Is class C more efficient than class B? (yes)

35. Does class C have the smallest conduction angle? (yes)

36. The input frequency to an RF tripler stage is 10 MHz. What is the output frequency? (30 MHz)

37. A tank circuit uses a 6.8-μH coil and a 47-pF capacitor. What is the resonant frequency of the tank?
(8.9 MHz)

38. Refer to Fig. 8-29. Assume that the amplifier is being driven by a signal and the voltage at the base of
the transistor is negative. What should happen to the base voltage if the drive signal increases?( It
should increase (go more negative).)

39. A digital amplifier applies 50-V pulses to a 150-mH load. Find the rate of current rise in the load. (333
A/s)

40. When a digital amplifier is used with an inductive load, the output must not be on long enough to
cause magnetic core _________. (. Saturation)

41. The freewheeling components in Fig. 8-37 are _________. (diodes)

42. The efficiency of digital amplifiers is significantly _________ than the efficiency of linear amplifiers.
( better)

43. In Fig. 8-38, transistors Q1 and Q2 should not be turned on at the _________.(same time)

44. When PWM is used to produce a sinusoidal load current, the digital switching frequency should be
significantly _________ than the sinusoidal frequency.( greater)