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Tutorial 1 2022 2023

This document contains 9 questions regarding complex numbers and their properties. It asks the reader to: 1) Express the nth roots of unity in polar form and show a related identity. 2) Derive inequalities relating the absolute value of a complex number to its real and imaginary parts. 3) Express various complex numbers in polar form. 4) Prove Euler's identity relating trigonometric and complex exponential functions. 5) Identify an identity in complex analysis that is analogous to an identity in normed spaces. 6) Prove several properties relating the absolute values of sums, products, and differences of complex numbers.

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Jean Marc Lenge
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Tutorial 1 2022 2023

This document contains 9 questions regarding complex numbers and their properties. It asks the reader to: 1) Express the nth roots of unity in polar form and show a related identity. 2) Derive inequalities relating the absolute value of a complex number to its real and imaginary parts. 3) Express various complex numbers in polar form. 4) Prove Euler's identity relating trigonometric and complex exponential functions. 5) Identify an identity in complex analysis that is analogous to an identity in normed spaces. 6) Prove several properties relating the absolute values of sums, products, and differences of complex numbers.

Uploaded by

Jean Marc Lenge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEX ANALYSIS (2022-2023) Question 4.

Tutorial 1 Complex numbers nth Roots. Let n ≥ 1.


Question 1.
(A) Express in polar form the nth roots of unity, that
Prove that for any z, w ∈ C is those numbers z such that z n = 1.
(A) z = z;
(B) Show that if z is such a number and z 6= 1, then
(B) z + w = z + w;
1 + z + z 2 + · · · z n−1 = 0.
(C) zw = z w;

(D) z.z = |z|2 ; |z| = |z|; (C) Verify that if z = x + iy, with y 6= 0, then its
square roots are
(E) z + z = 2Re(z); z − z = 2Im(z);
 1  1 
(F) x + |z| 2 y −x + |z| 2
± +i .
z is real if and only if z = z; 2 |y| 2

z is imaginary if and only if z = −z.


Question 5.
Question 2. Let a ∈ C. Show that
Show that if z = x + iy, then z−a 1
= 1, |z| = 1 such that z 6= .
1 1 − az a
√ (|x| + |y|) ≤ |z| ≤ (|x| + |y|)
2
Question 6.
and
√ Show that for z, a ∈ C
max{|x|, |y|} ≤ |z| ≤ 2 max{|x|, |y|}.
|z + a|2 + |z − a|2 = 2(|z|2 + |a|2 ).

Question 3. Does this identity remind you of an identity in


Recall that each complex number z = x = iy can be normed spaces? What is the name of that identity?
written in polar form reθ , where
p Question 7.
r = x2 + y 2 ; Prove using theorems for exp, sin, cos given in class
(video-2), the following identity, which is called Eu-
ler’s identity or de Moivre’s theorem:
 x
arctan( y ) + 2kπ if x 6= 0
(cos θ + i sin θ)n = exp(inθ) = cos(nθ) + i sin(nθ).


 π
2 + 2kπ if x = 0, y > 0
θ=
 − π2 + 2kπ
 if x = 0, y < 0

2kπ ifx = y = 0, Question 8.
Show that for z, a ∈ C
where k is any integer. We often write θ = arg(z),
and choose the value of θ lying in (−π, π]. This choice
|z + a|2 + |z − a|2 = 2(|z|2 + |a|2 ).
of θ is sometimes called the principal value of the
argument. (Sometimes this name is given instead to Does this identity remind you of an identity in
the value of θ in [0, 2π)) Express in polar form normed spaces? What is the name of that identity?
√
(A) 2 + 1 − i; 1 + cos α + i sin α, where α ∈ R; Question 9.
cos(2α) + i sin(2α) Given z, w ∈ C. Prove the following
(B) , where α ∈ R;
cos α + i sin α
(A) |Re(z)| ≤ |z| and |Im(z)| ≤ |z|.
(C) eit + eiu , where u, i ∈ R;
z |z|
1+i tan α
(D) 1−i , where α ∈ R is such that tan α is finite. (B) |z.w| = |z||w| and = if w 6= 0.
tan α w |w|
(1+i)9
(E) (1−i)7
.
(C) |z ± w| ≤ |z| + |w| and |z| − |w| ≤ |z ± w|.

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