PRE-BOARD (2023-2024)

CLASS- 12TH
SUBJECT – PHYSICS
Time: 3hr. M.M.: 70

SECTION – A
1. Some charge is being given to a conductor. Then, it’s potential.
(a) Is maximum at the surface.
(b) Is maximum at the centre.
(c) Remains the same throughout the conductor.
(d) Is maximum somewhere between the surface and the centre.
2. When Alpha particles are sent through a gold foil, most of them go straight through
the foil because
(a) The Alpha particles are positively charged.
(b) the mass of an Alpha particle is more than mass of an electron.
(c) most of the part of an atom is empty space.
(d) Alpha particles move with high velocity.
3. As the intensity of incident light increases:
(a) Photoelectric current increases.
(b) Photoelectric current decreases.
(c) The kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons increases.
(d) The kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons decreases.
4. The Bohr model of atoms
(a) Assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized.
(b) Predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms.
(c) Predicts the same emission spectra for all types of atoms.
(d) Uses Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
5. An electron is moving along the positive x-axis in a magnetic field which is parallel to
the positive y-axis. In what direction will the magnetic force be acting on the
electron?
(a) Along - x Axis
(b) Along - z Axis
(c) Along + z Axis
(d) Along - y Axis
6. If number of turns, area and current through a coil are given by n, A and I
respectively, then its magnetic moment is given by.
(a) nIA
(b) n2IA
(c) nIA2
(d) None of these
7. The diagram below shows the electric field E and magnetic field B components of
electromagnetic waves at a certain time and location.
The direction of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is:
(a) Perpendicular to E and B and out of plane of paper
(b) Perpendicular to E and B and into the plane of paper
(c) Parallel and in the same direction as E
(d) Parallel and in the same direction as B
8. The phase difference between the alternating current and e.m.f. is π/2. Which of the
following cannot be the constituent of the circuit?
(a) C alone (b) L alone (c) L,C (d) R,L
9. The relative permeability of a substance X is slightly less than unity and that of
substance Y is slightly more than unity, then
(a) X is paramagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic
(b) X is diamagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic
(c) X and Y both are paramagnetic
(d) X is diamagnetic and Y is paramagnetic
10. Which of the following is not the property of light?
(a) It requires a material medium for propagation.
(b) It can travel through vacuum.
(c) It involves transportation of energy.
(d) It has finite speed.
11. The energy of an electron in an nth orbit of a hydrogen atom is. the
negative sign of energy indicates that:
(a) Electron is free to move.
(b) Electron is bound to nucleus.
(c) Kinetic energy of electron is equals to potential energy of electron.
(d) Atom is radiating energy.
12. An ammeter of resistance 0.81 ohm reads up to 1 ampere. The value of the required
sent to increase the range to 10 amperes is.
(a) 0.9 ohm (b) 0.09 ohm (c) 0.03 ohm (d)0.3 ohm

For questions 13 to 16, two statements are given one labelled Assertion ( A ) and
another labeled Reason ( R ). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
options as given below:
(a) Both are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are wrong

13. Assertion (A) For the radiation of a frequency greater than the threshold frequency,
photoelectric current is proportional to the intensity of the radiation.
 Reason (R): Greater the number of energy quanta available, greater is the number of
electrons absorbing the energy quanta and greater is the number of electrons
coming out of the metal.
14. Assertion(A): Putting p-type semiconductor slab directly in physical contact with n -
type semiconductor slab cannot form the p-n junction.
Reason (R): The roughness at contact will be much more than interatomic crystal
spacing and continuous flow of charge carriers is not possible.
15. Assertion(A): An electron has a higher potential energy when it is at a location
associated with a negative value of potential and has a lower potential energy when
at a location associated with a positive potential.
Reason (R): Electrons move from a region of higher potential to a region of lower
potential.
16. Assertion (4): Propagation of light through an optical fibre is due to total internal
reflection taking place at the core-cladding interface.
Reason (R): Refractive index of the material of the cladding of the optical fibre is
greater than that of the core.
Section – B
17. (a) Name the device which utilizes unilateral action of p - n diode to convert ac into
dc.
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of full wave rectifier.
18. A proton and an electron have the same velocity. Which one has a greater de Broglie
wavelength and why?
19. A ray of light passing from the air through an equilateral glass prism undergoes
minimum deviation when the angle of incidence is 3 / 4 th of the angle of the prism.
Calculate the speed of light in the prism.
20. A heating element using nichrome connected to a 230 V supply draws an initial
current of 3.2 A which settles after a few seconds to a steady value of 2.8 A. What is
the steady temperature of the heating element if the room temperature is 27.0°C
and the temperature coefficient of resistance of nichrome is 1.7 × 10 per ° C
21. Why is that sunglasses (goggles), which have curved surfaces, do not have any
power?
OR
Show that the least possible distance between an object and its real image in a
convex lens is 4f, where f is focal length of the lens .
Section – C
22. A given coin has a mass of 3.0 g. Calculate the nuclear energy that would be required
to separate all the neutrons and protons from each other. For simplicity assume that
the coin is entirely made of atoms (of mass 62.92960 u). The mass of
the proton is 1.007825u and the mass of the neutron is 1.008665u.
23. Two charged conducting spheres of radii a and b are connected to each other by a
wire. Find the ratio of the electric field at their surfaces.
24. Using the Rydberg formula, Calculate the wavelength of the first four spectral lines in
the Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum.
25. Using Kirchhoff’s law calculate the current flowing through 4 ohm, 1 ohm and 2 ohm
resistors in the circuit shown below :
26. Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two long straight parallel
current carrying conductors. Hence define SI unit of current .
27. Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which:
(a) produces heating effect,
(b) is absorbed by the ozone layer in the atmosphere,
(c) is used for studying crystal structure.
Write any one method of the production of each of the above radiations.
28. Drive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids. State
the factor on which mutual inductance depends.
Or
A solenoid of length 50 cm with 20 turns per cm and area of cross-section 40 cm²
completely surrounds another coaxial solenoid of the same length, area of cross-
section 25 cm² with 25 turns per cm. Calculate the mutual inductance of the system.
Section – D
29. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
A convex or converging lens is thicker at the centre than at the edges. It converges a
beam of light on refraction through it. It has a real focus. Convex lens is of three
types: Double convex lens, Plano convex lens and Concavo-convex lens. Concave lens
is thinner at the centre than at the edges. It diverges a beam of light on refraction
through it. It has a virtual focus. Concave lenses are of three types: Double concave
lens, Plano concave lens and Convexo-concave lens. When two thin lenses of focal
lengths and f₂ are placed in contact with each other along their common principal
axis, then the two-lens system is regarded as a single lens of focal length f The value
of focal length and power of a lens must be used with proper sign consideration.
(i) Two thin lenses are kept coaxially in contact with each other, and the focal length
of the combination is 80 cm. If the focal length of one lens is 20 cm, the focal length
of the other would be.
(a) -26.7 cm (b) 60 cm (c) 80 cm (d) -30 cm
(ii) A spherical air bubble is embedded in a piece of glass. For a ray of light passing
through the bubble, it behaves like a
(a) converging lens (b) diverging lens (c) mirror (d) thin plane
sheet of glass
(iii) Lens generally used in magnifying glass is:
(a) single concave lens
(b) single convex lens
 (c) combination of convex lens of lower power and concave lens of lower focal length
(d) Plano Concave lens
(iv) The magnification of an image by a convex lens is positive only when the object is
placed:
(a) at its focus F
(b) between F and 2F
(c) at 2F
(d) between F and optical centre

30. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
Band theory of solid:
Consider that the Si or Ge crystal contains N atoms. Electrons of each atom will have
discrete energies in different orbits. The electron energy will be same if all the atoms
are isolated, i.e., separated from each other by a large distance. However, in a
crystal, the atoms are close to each other (2 Å to 3 Å) and therefore the electrons
interact with each other and also with the neighbouring atomic cores. The overlap (or
interaction) will be more felt by the electrons in the outermost orbit while the inner
orbit or core electron energies may remain unaffected. Therefore, for understanding
electron energies in Si or Ge crystal, we need to consider the changes in the energies
of the electrons in the outermost orbit only. For Si, the outermost orbit is the third
orbit (n = 3), while for Ge it is the fourth orbit (n = 4). The number of electrons in the
outermost orbit is 4 (2s and 2p electrons). Hence, the total number of outer electrons
in the crystal is 4N. The maximum possible number of outer electrons in the orbit is 8
(2s + 6p electrons). So, out of the 4N electrons, 2N electrons are in the 2N s-states
(orbital quantum number l = 0) and 2N electrons are in the available 6N p-states.
Obviously, some p-electron states are empty. This is the case of well separated or
isolated atoms.
(i) The energy of electrons of atoms of a substance will be same if:
(a) Atoms are isolated. (b) Atoms are closely spaced.
(c) Atoms are excited. (d) Atoms are charged.
(ii) The overlap (or interaction) will be more felt by the electrons when they are:
(a) In the outermost orbit. (b) In the innermost orbit.
(c) free. (d) In any orbit.
(iii) For Silicon and Germanium, the outermost orbits are respectively:
(a) n = 3 and n = 5 (b) n = 4 and n = 3 (c) n = 5 and n = 4 (d) n = 3 and n = 4
(iv) In a crystal, the distance between two atoms is:
(a) 200 Å to 300 Å (b) 2 Å to 3 micron
(c) 2 Å to 3 Å (d) 2 mm to 3 mm
Section – E
31. (a) Define a wavefront. How is it different from a ray?
(b) Using Huygens's construction of secondary wavelets draw a diagram showing the
passage of a plane wavefront from a denser to a rarer medium. Using it verifies
Snell's law.
(c) In a double slit experiment using light of wavelength 600 nm and the angular
width of the fringe formed on a distant screen is 0.1°. Find the spacing between the
two silts.
Or
(a) Draw the ray diagram showing refraction of light through a glass prism and hence
obtain the relation between the refractive index m of the prism, angle of prism and
angle of minimum deviation.
(b) Determine the value of the angle of incidence for a ray of light travelling from a
medium of refractive index µ1 = into the medium of refractive index µ2 = 1, so that it
just grazes along the surface of separation.
32. (i)Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air
present between the two plates.
(ii) Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the network shown in figure. For a 300 V
supply. determine the charge on each capacitor.
Or
(i)A thin conducting spherical shell of radius R has charge Q spread uniformly over its
surface. Using Gauss’s theorem, derive an expression for the electric field at a point
outside the shell.
(ii) Draw a graph of electric field E(r) with distance r from the center of the shell for 0
≤ r ≤∞.
33. (a) What is impedance?
(b) A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source having voltage V = Vo sin ωt .
Derive expression for the impedance, instantaneous current and its phase
relationship to the applied voltage.
(c) Find the expression for resonant frequency
Or
(a)An ac source of voltage V = Vo sin ωt is connected to a series combination of L, C
and R. Use the phasor diagram to obtain expressions for impedance of the circuit and
phase angle between voltage and current. Find the condition when current will be in
phase with the voltage.
What is the circuit in this condition called?
(b) In a series LR circuit XL = R and the power factor of the circuit is P1. When a
capacitor with capacitance C such that XL = XC is put in series, the power factor
becomes P2.
Calculate 𝑷1 / P2