Biology

Chemistry of Life - Macromolecules & Enzymes (Form A)

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The graph above shows the data collected from reactions at different temperatures of a substrate at
pH 6. Based on the data, what results can be predicted at a temperature of 5C?

A. No prediction can be made.

B. The same amount of product as made at 20C.
C. More product than at the optimum temperature.
D. The same amount of product as made at 60C.
E. Little or no product would be made.

2. Which statement about enzymes is not true.

A. Enzymes are composed of polypeptide chains.
B. Enzymes form a temporary bond with a reactant.
C. Enzymes are destroyed when they are used and must be made each time a reaction
takes place.
D. Each enzyme is specific because of its shape and catalyzes on certain reactions.

3. The chemical reactions taking place in a cell will most likely speed up if the
A. genetic material stops replicating.
B. the size of the cell increases.
C. the enzymes involved become inactive.
D. the concentration of the reactants is increased.

4. Enzymes
A. are able to heat up molecules so that they can react.
B. provide CO2 for chemical reactions.
C. are biological catalysts.
D. absorb excess heat so that reactions occur at low temperatures.
 Use the graph below to answer the next two questions.

5. The contents of the small intestine have a pH greater than 7. When gastric protease (an enzyme)
enters the small intestine, the activity of the gastric protease will probably
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. increase at first, then decrease.
D. remain the same.

6. What is the optimum pH for the action of the enzyme intestinal protease?
A. 5
B. 8
C. 10
D. 12

A B C D E
Reaction Rate

Reaction Rate

Reaction Rate

Reaction Rate

Reaction Rate

Substrate Concentration Substrate Concentration Substrate Concentration Substrate Concentration Substrate Concentration

7. During an experiment, the amount of substrate is gradually increased and the amount of enzyme was
kept the same. Which of the graphs above would best describe the results?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
 Use the diagram and graph below to answer the next two questions.

8. The graph above indicates that the enzyme pepsin would function best in the
A. mouth.
B. stomach.
C. small intestine.
D. large intestine.

9. Pepsin and trypsin are enzymes that are characterized as

A. sugars.
B. carbohydrates.
C. lipids.
D. proteins.

10. A cell contains

A. thousands of different kinds of enzymes, each promoting a different chemical
reaction.
B. one kind of enzyme that promotes thousands of different chemical reactions.
C. approximately 100 kinds of enzymes, each promoting a different chemical
reaction.
D. one enzyme that promotes photosynthesis and one enzyme that promotes cellular
respiration.

11. All organic compounds contain the element

A. C. C. Ca.
B. N. D. Na.

12. Which three elements are often found in organic compounds?

A. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen C. nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen
B. carbon, hydrogen, and neon D. nitrogen, chlorine, and phosphorus
13. Carbon is different from most other elements in that
A. it has four electrons in its outermost energy level.
B. it readily bonds with other carbon atoms.
C. it can form single, double, or triple bonds with other atoms.
D. it shares two electrons with another atom when it forms a covalent bond.

14. Animals store glucose-containing fragments in the form of

A. cellulose. C. wax.
B. glycogen. D. lipids.

15. Long chains of amino acids are found in

A. carbohydrates. C. proteins.
B. lipids. D. sugars.

Molecule A Molecule B
16. Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like Molecule “B” are found in
A. carbohydrates. C. nucleic acids.
B. lipids. D. proteins.

17. Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule?

A. carbohydrate C. lipid
B. ice D. nucleic acid

18. Which of the following organic molecules is most closely related to nucleic acids?
A. amino acids C. nucleotides
B. CH2 chains D. sugars

19. Nucleic acids include

A. chlorophyll and retinal. C. lipids and sugars.
B. DNA and RNA. D. glucose and glycogen.

20. The shape of a protein is determined by

A. the type and order of its amino acids. C. its cell location.
B. its size. D. None of the above

21. All organic molecules contain carbon atoms that ultimately can be traced back in the food chain to
A. the bodies of heterotrophs.
B. carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
C. water absorbed by plants.
D. the carbon that comes from the sun.
22. Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
A. DNA C. wax
B. insulin D. sucrose

23. Polysaccharides are

A. carbohydrates. C. proteins.
B. lipids. D. unsaturated fats.

24. Amino acids are units of

A. disaccharides. C. nucleotides.
B. proteins. D. steroids.

25. Lipids are

A. polar molecules. C. protein molecules.
B. similar to water molecules. D. nonpolar molecules.

26. The illustration above show the formation of molecule "A" from the joining of amino acid 1 and
amino acid 2. Molecule "A" is a(n)
A. disacharide
B. polypeptide
C. nucleic acid
D. fatty acid

27. Lipids are good energy storage molecules because

A. they can absorb a large amount of energy while maintaining a constant
temperature.
B. they have many carbon-hydrogen bonds.
C. they are composed of many simple sugars.
D. they cannot be broken down by enzymes.

28. Which of the following is a macromolecule.

A. glucose
B. amino acid
C. water
D. protein

29. Which is a true statement about enzyme activity between pH and enzyme action?
A. All enzymes work best at a neutral pH.
 B. Adding more acid does not affect the rate of activity of an enzyme.
C. Enzymes function only in a pH range of 4.0 to 5.5.
D. The activity of an enzyme is affected by pH.

30. After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, the enzyme is released from the complex and the
enzyme is then
A. restored to its original state.
B. destroyed.
C. chemically changed.
D. converted to an electrically charged molecule.

Problem
31. You are given four test tubes containing purified biological macromolecules. The test tubes are
unlabeled except for a number between 1 and 4. You are told that one test tube contains a protein, one
contains a lipid, one contains a carbohydrate, and one contains a nucleic acid. You then perform some
tests on the macromolecules and collect the following information:
1) Test tubes #2 and #4 contain nitrogen, but the other tubes do not.
2) The contents of test tube #3 are not soluble in water, but the contents of the other test tubes are
soluble in water.
3) The contents of test tube #1 can be broken down into subunits that are all exactly identical to each
other.
4) The macromolecule in test tube #2 is found to have a globular shape.

What are the identities of the macromolecules present in the four test tubes? Write your answer in the
space below.

Essay
32. Your body maintains a constant temperature (98.6ºF / 37ºC).

A. Explain what happens to enzyme activity as your body temperature rises (eg., from 98.6ºF to
108ºF)?

B. Explain what happens to enzyme activity as your body temperature decreases (eg., from (98.6ºF to
85ºF)?
Chemistry of Life - Macromolecules and Enzymes (Form A)
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: E DIF: 2 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
2. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
3. ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
4. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
5. ANS: B DIF: 3 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
6. ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
7. ANS: B DIF: 3 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
8. ANS: B DIF: 3 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
9. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
10. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
11. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
12. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
13. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
14. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
15. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
16. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
17. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
18. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
19. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
20. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
21. ANS: B DIF: 3 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
22. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A)
23. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A)
24. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A)
25. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A)
26. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
27. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
28. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)
29. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.1(A&B)
30. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1.1.3(A&B)

PROBLEM
31. ANS:
Test tube #1 contains a carbohydrate.
Test tube #2 contains a protein.
Test tube #3 contains a lipid.
Test tube #4 contains a nucleic acid.
DIF: Essay REF: 1.1.3(A&B)

ESSAY
32. ANS:
A. As your body temperature increases, enzyme activity will increase until the temperature
becomes too high and the enzyme denatures, whereupon enzyme activity stops.

B. As your body temperature decreases, enzyme activity will slow down.

DIF: Essay REF: 1.1.3(A&B)