Projection of Points

1. Draw the projections of the following points on the same XY line, keeping convenient distance
between each projector. Name the quadrants in which they lie.
A - 30 mm above HP and 35 mm in front of VP.
B - 35 mm below HP and 40 mm behind VP.
C - 40 mm above HP and on VP.
D -35mm below HP and 30mm in front of VP.
2. A point P is 30 mm in front of VP, 40 mm above HP and 50 mm from RPP. Draw its
projections.
3. A point P is 45 mm above HP, 60 mm behind VP and 30 mm from RPP. Draw the three
principal view of the point. Also state the quadrant in which it lies.
4. A point is 35 mm below HP, 15 mm behind VP and 25 mm behind / in front / from RPP. Draw
its projections and name the side view.
5. A point is lying on VP, 20 mm below HP and 30 mm behind / in front / from LPP. Draw its
projections and name the side view.
6. Draw all the three views of a point P lying 60mm below HP, 70 mm in front of VP and 40mm
from RPP. Also state the quadrant in which it lies.
7. A point A is 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. Another point B is 25 mm behind VP
and 40 mm below HP. Draw their projections when the distance between their projectors
parallel to XY line is zero mm. Add the right side view only to point B.
8. A point A is on HP and 30mm in front of VP. Another point B on VP and Below HP. The line
joining there front views makes an angle of 300 to xy line while the line joining there top views
makes an angle of 450 with xy line. Find the distance of B from HP.
9. A point G is 25 mm below HP and is situated in the third quadrant. Its shortest distance from
the intersection of XY and X1Y1 is 45 mm. Draw its projection and find its distance from VP.
10. A point A is 40 mm in front of VP and is situated in the fourth quadrant. Its shortest distance
from the intersection of XY and X1Y1, is 45 mm. Draw its projections. Also find distance from
VP.

Projection of Lines
1. A line AB 80 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. It is inclined
at 30 deg. to HP and 45 deg. to VP. Draw the projections of the line and find apparent lengths
and apparent inclinations.
2. The top view PQ of the Straight line is 70 mm and makes an angle of 60 deg. with XY line.
 The end Q is 10 mm in front of VP and 30 mm above HP. The difference between the distance
of P and Q above the HP is 45 mm. Draw the projections. Determine its true length and true
inclinations with HP and VP.
3. A line PQ 85 mm long has its end P 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The top view
and front view of line PQ are 75 mm and 80 mm respectively. Draw its projections. Also
determine the true and apparent inclinations of the line.
4. A line has its end A 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The end B is 55 mm above HP
and line is inclined at 30 deg. to HP and 35 deg. To VP. The distance between the end
projectors is 50 mm. Draw the projections of the line. Determine the true length of the line and
its inclination with VP.
5. A line AB measuring 70 mm has its end A 15 mm in front of VP and 20 mm above HP and the
other end B 60 mm in front of VP and 50 mm above HP. Draw the projections of the line and
find the inclinations of the line with the both the reference planes of projection.
6. The front view of a 90 mm long line which is inclined at 45 deg. to the XY line, measures 65
mm. End A is 15 mm above the XY line and is in VP. Draw the projections of the line and find
its inclinations with HP and VP.
7. The top view of a line AB, 80 mm long measures 65 mm and the length of the front view is 50
mm. The end A is on HP and 15mm in front VP. Draw its projections.
8. A line AB 80 mm long is inclined to HP at 30 deg. and inclined to VP at 45 deg. Draw front and
top views of line and determine their lengths. Also measure the perpendicular distance of end B
from both HP and VP.
9. The front view of the line PQ 80 mm long measures 50 mm and it is inclined to XY at 50 deg.
One end of the line P is 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. Draw the front view and
top view of the line and find the inclinations of the line with HP and VP.
10. A line has its end A 15 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP. The end B is 55 mm above HP
and the line is inclined at 30 deg. to HP. The distance between the end projectors is 50 mm.
Draw the projections of the line and determine the true length of the line and its inclination with
VP.
11. The top view of line 75 mm long measures 50 mm. The end P is 30 mm in front of VP and 15
mm above HP. The end Q is 15 mm in front of VP and above HP. Draw the projections of the
line and find its true inclinations with HP and VP.
12. A straight line PQ is inclined at 45 deg. to HP and 30 deg. to VP. The point P is in HP and the
point Q is in VP. The length of the straight line is 65 mm. Draw the projections of the straight
line PQ.
Projection of Plane Surfaces

1. An equilateral triangular lamina of 25 mm sides lies with one of its edges on HP such that the
surface of the lamina is inclined to HP at 60 deg. The edge on which it rests is inclined to VP at
60 deg. Draw its projections.
2. An equilateral triangular lamina of 25 mm sides lies on one of its sides on HP. The lamina
makes 45 deg. with HP and one of its medians is inclined at 40 deg. to VP. Draw the
projections.
3. A rectangular plate of negligible thickness of size 35x20mm has one of its shorter edges in VP
with that edge inclined at 40o to HP. Draw the top view if its front view is a square of side
20mm.
4. Pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that the plane
surface makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP. The two of the edges containing the corner on
which the lamina rests make equal inclinations with HP. When the edge opposite to the corner
makes an angle of 45 deg. with VP and nearer to the observer. Draw the top and front views of
the plane lamina in this position.
5. A pentagonal lamina of sides 25 mm is having a side both on HP and VP. The corner opposite
to the side on which it rests is 15 mm above HP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.
6. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its corners on HP. The lamina makes 45
deg. to HP and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests is inclined at 30 deg. to
VP. Draw its projections.
7. A circular lamina of 50 mm diameter rests on HP such that one of its diameter is inclined at 30
deg. to VP and 45 deg. to HP. Draw its top and front views in this position.
8. A triangular lamina of 25 mm sides rests on one of its corners on VP such that the median
passing through the corner on which it rests is inclined at 30 deg. to HP and 45 deg. to VP.
Draw its projections.
9. A square plate of 30 mm sides rests on HP such that one of the diagonals is inclined at 30 deg.
to HP and 45 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.
10. A pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its sides such that the surface
makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 45 deg. to VP.
Draw its projections.
11. A pentagonal lamina having edges 25 mm is placed on one of its corners on VP such that the
surface makes an angle 30 deg. with VP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing through
the corner on which the lamina rests is inclined at 45 deg. to HP. Draw the top and front views
of the lamina.
12. A regular hexagonal lamina of side 30 mm is lying in such a way that one of its sides touches
both the reference planes. If the side opposite to the side on which it rests is 45 mm above HP.
Draw the projections of the lamina.
13. A regular hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm is lying in such a way that one of its sides is on HP
while the side opposite to the side on which it rests is on VP. If the lamina makes 60 deg. to HP.
Draw the projections of the lamina.
14. A circular lamina of 30 mm diameter rests on VP such that one of its diameters is inclined at 30
deg. to VP and 45 deg. to HP. Draw its top and front views in this position.
15. An isosceles triangular plate of negligible thickness has base 25 mm long and altitude 35 mm it
is placed on HP such that in the front view is seen as an equilateral triangle of 25 mm sides with
the side that is parallel to VP is inclined at 45 deg. to HP. Draw its top and front views. Also
determine the inclination of the plate with the reference plane.
16. A regular pentagonal lamina of 25 mm side is resting on one of its corner on HP while the side
opposite to this corner touches VP. If the lamina makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP and 30 deg.
with VP. Draw the projections of the lamina.
17. A hexagonal lamina of 30 mm sides rests on HP with one of its corners touching VP and the
surface inclined at 45 deg. to it. One of its edges inclined to HP at 30 deg. Draw the top and
front views of the lamina in its final position.
18. A circular lamina inclined to the VP appears in the front view as an ellipse of major axis 30 mm
and minor axis 15 mm. The major axis is parallel to both HP and VP. One end of the minor axis
is in both the HP and VP. Draw the projections of the lamina and determine the inclination of
the lamina with the VP.

Projection of Solids
1. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of
the base which is inclined to VP at 300. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is
inclined to HP at 450.
2. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corner of
the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to
HP at 400 and to VP at 300.
3. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rest on HP on one of its edges
of the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 0and VP
at 300.
4. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rest on HP on one of its slant
triangular faces. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP
at 450.
5. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rest on HP on one of its slant
edges. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 450.
6. A cone of 50mm base diameter and 60mm axis length rest on HP on one of its generators. Draw
its projections when the axis is inclined to VP at 300.
7. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corner of
the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to
HP at 400 and to VP at 300.
8. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of
the base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 450
and to VP at 300.
9. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rest on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make
equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is
inclined to HP at 400 and VP at 300.
10. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rest on HP on one of its slant
edges. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 450.
11. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rest on HP on one of its slant
triangular faces. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP
at 450.
12. A cone of base dia. 40mm and axis length 50mm is resting on HP on a point on the
circumference of its base such that its apex is at 40mm above HP and its top view of the axis is
inclined at 600to VP. Draw the top and front views of the solid. Also determine the inclinations
of the axis when the base is nearer to the observer.
13. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rest on HP on one of its corners of
the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is
inclined to HP at 400 and VP at 300.
14. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rest on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make
equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is
 inclined to HP at 400 and inclined to VP at 300.
15. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rest on HP on one of its slant
triangular faces. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis inclined to VP at 450.
16. A pentagonal prism of base side 25mm and height 50mm is resting on HP on one of its base
corners such that the topmost edge is at a distance of 60mm above HP. Draw its projections,
when its top view of the axis is inclined at 450 to VP. Also determine the inclination of the
longer edge of the prism to HP which contains the resting corner.

Isometric Projection
1. A sphere of diameter 50 mm rests centrally on top of a cube of sides 50 mm. Draw the
Isometric projections of the combination of solids.
2. A hemisphere of 40 mm diameter is supported co-axially on the vertex of a cone of base
diameter 60 mm and axis length 50 mm. The flat circular face of the hemisphere is facing
upside. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids.
3. The frustum of a square pyramid of base 40 mm, top face 20 mm and height 60 mm rest on the
centre of the top of a square block of sides 60 mm and height 20 mm. The base edges of the
pyramid are parallel to the top edges of the square block. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination of the solids.
4. A hemisphere of diameter 50 mm is centrally resting on top of a square prism of base side 60
mm and height 30 mm such that the curved surface of hemisphere is touching top face of the
prism. Draw its isometric projections.
5. A hemisphere of diameter 70 mm is placed on the ground on its curved surface. A cone of base
diameter 70 mm and height 70 mm is placed centrally on it. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.
6. A regular pentagonal prism of base edge 30 mm and axis 60 mm is mounted centrally over a
cylindrical block of 80 mm diameter and 25 mm thick. Draw Isometric projection of the
combined solids.
7. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its base
with a side of base perpendicular to VP. Draw its isometric projections.
8. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids formed by a frustum of cone and co-
axial frustum of pentagonal pyramid. The lower frustum of cone is 80 mm base diameter, 60
mm top diameter and height 25 mm. The upper frustum of pyramid is of 30 mm side of base, 20
mm side of top face and height 40 mm.
9. Figure shows the front and side views of a solid. Draw the isometric projection of the solid.
10. A triangular pyramid base side - 40 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally on a square slab
side - 80 mm and 20 mm - thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
11. A square prism of base side - 30 mm and length - 70 mm is resting on its rectangular face on
top of a square slab side - 70 mm and 25 mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.
12. Two cubes of sides 60 mm, and 40 mm are placed centrally one above the other in the
ascending order of their side. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
13. A cone of base diameter 40 mm and height 50 mm rests centrally over a frustum of a
pentagonal pyramid of base side 45 mm and top side 35 mm and height 55 mm. Draw the
isometric projections of the solids.
14. A rectangular pyramid of base - 40 mm x 25 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally on a
cylindrical slab of diameter 100 mm and thickness - 30 mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.
15. A triangular prism base side 30 mm and length - 70 mm is resting on its rectangular face on top
of a square slab side - 70 mm and 25 mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.
16. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm is placed centrally on an equilateral
triangular prism of side - 100 mm and 20 mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

Development of Lateral Surfaces of Solids

1. A rectangular prism of base size 25 mm x 40 mm and axis length 65 mm is resting on HP on its
base with the longer side of base inclined at 30 deg. to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 40
deg. to HP and perpendicular to VP and passes through the extreme left corner of base. Draw
the development of the lateral surface of the remaining portion of the prism.
2. Draw the development of the truncated portion of the lateral faces of a pentagonal prism of 20
mm sides of base and 50 mm height standing vertically with one of its rectangular faces parallel
 to VP and nearer to it so as to produce a one piece development. The inclined face of the
truncated prism is 30 deg. to its axis and passes through the right extreme corner of the top face
of the prism.
3. A square prism of 30 mm side of the base and height 50 mm is resting with its base on HP such
that one of its vertical faces is inclined at 40 deg. to VP. It is cut as shown in the following front
view. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the prism.

4. A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and height 50 mm is resting on HP on its base, such that
one of its base edges is parallel to VP. The prism is cut in this position as shown in the
following front view. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the prism.

5. Draw the development of the following truncated cone

6. A pentagonal pyramid of 30 mm edges of base and 50 mm height rests vertically with one of its
base edges parallel to VP and nearer to it. It is cut as shown in figure. Draw the development of
the lateral surfaces of the upper portion of the pyramid

7. A square pyramid base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long has its base on HP and all the edges of
the base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut to with an inclined section plane so as the truncated
surface at 45 deg. to its axis, bisecting it. Draw the development of the truncated pyramid.
8. A regular pentagonal pyramid of side of base 35 mm and altitude 65 mm has its base on HP
with a side of base perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut by a section plane which is
perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30 deg. to HP. The cutting plane meets the axis of the
pyramid at a point 30 mm below the vertex. Obtain the development of the remaining part of
the pyramid.
9. A hexagonal pyramid of sides 35 mm and altitude 65 mm is resting on HP on its base with two
of the base sides perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut by a plane inclined at 30 deg. to HP
and perpendicular to VP and is intersecting the axis at 30 mm above the base. Draw the
development of the remaining portion of the pyramid.
10. A vertical cylinder of base diameter 45 mm and axis length 60 mm is cut by a plane
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 50 deg. to HP passing through the centre point of the top
face. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder.