Humss 121 - O6 (Group 6, Pr2)

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
THE EFFECT OF THE EBOOKS IN VOCABULARY OF THE GRADE 12

HUMSS STUDENT AT NCST-SHS A.Y. 2023-2024
A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Senior High School Department
National College of Science and Technology
In Partial Fulfillment
of the requirements for the subject
APPLIED 004
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Cafe, Maria Nica Dannylica
Caingod, Jhon Dave Trumata
Cangke, Lebie De Oro
Castañares, Katherine Anne Picoy
de Guzman, John Clark Kiamco
Lopez, Jamilah Anne Godoy
December 2023
APPROVAL SHEET
This research study entitled “The Effect of the E-books in Vocabulary of

the Grade 12 HUMSS Students at NCST-SHS A.Y. 2023-2024,” prepared and
submitted by Maria Nica Dannylica Cafe, Jhon Dave T. Caingod, Lebie D.
Cangke, Katherine Anne P. Castañares, John Clark K. de Guzman, and Jamilah
Anne G. Lopez, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Inquiries,
Investigations, and Immersions, has been examined and is recommended for
acceptance and approval of ORAL PRESENTATION
SHEELA B. VIDALLO, LPT

Research Instructor
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
has been accepted and approved by the Committee on Oral Presentation
with a grade of PASSED
SHEELA B. VIDALLO ROBERTA A. MIRHAN, LPT

SHS – STEM Strand Head SHS – Coordinator
CAROLINA P. BAYLEN, LPT, MFL, MBA

SHS – Principal
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersions
Date: December 2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher, MARIA NICA DANNYLICA CAFE, JHON DAVE T. CAINGOD,
LEBIE D. CANGKE, KATHERINE ANNE P. CASTAÑARES, JOHN CLARK K.
DE GUZMAN, JAMILAH ANNE G. LOPEZ, would like to present their heartfelt
appreciation, respect, and admiration to the following individuals who have
helped them to successfully complete this study;
Ms. Sheela Vidalio, their Practical Research 2 adviser, who contributed
their knowledge in making the whole paper and assisting them in understanding
the essence of this subject as well as giving them advice in doing their study;
Panelist, who approved and finalize their research title that they proposed,
and for seeing their potential as a researcher;
Respondents, who helped them complete their study as well as answering
their surveys about effect of the E-books in Vocabulary of the grade 12 HUMSS
students at NCST-SHS.
Parents, who provides them allowance and help them in terms of finances;
National College of Science and Technology, for giving them permission
to conduct their research inside the school premises;
God, for giving them enough knowledge, wisdom and strength in
conducting their study. They want to express their gratitude for the thought of
facing many problems and sometimes being irresponsible but responsible

enough that it ended with a good relationship with each other. As well as for
letting and guiding them to successfully finish their study.
To God be the glory!
Maria Nica Dannylica Cafe
Jhon Dave T. Caingod
Lebie D. Cangke
Katherine Anne P. Castañares
John Clarck K. deGuzman
Jamilah Anne G. Lopez

Abstract
THE EFFECT OF THE E-BOOKS IN VOCABULARY OF THE GRADE 12

STUDENTS AT NCST-SHS A.Y. 2023-2024
By:
Maria Nica Dannylica Cafe, Jhon Dave T. Caingod, Lebie D. Cangke, Katherine
Anne P. Castañares, John Clark K. de Guzman, and Jamilah Anne G. Lopez
This research investigates the influence of E-books on the vocabulary
development of Grade 12 HUMSS students at NCST Senior High School during
the academic year 2023-2024. The study aims to discern the effectiveness of E-
books in the students' vocabulary skills.
Using slovin’s formula,….. students of National College of Science and
Technology-SHS were selected through simple random sampling. Using Simple
Random Sampling as tool to select our respondent, through this we can
randomly pick our respondent at National College of Science and Technology
Senior High School. In order to collect the data from the respondents, a
structured interview and a researcher-made survey questionnaire which was
validated by a panel of experts were used. For data analysis, percentage and
weighted mean were used.
The research integrates quantitative analysis and qualitative insights.
Quantitative data involve a meticulous examination of vocabulary test scores,
allowing for a statistical result about the effect of E-books in the students’
vocabulary skills, qualitative aspects involve interviews and surveys to capture
nuanced perspectives on the impact of E-books on vocabulary acquisition.
The anticipated results seek to offer valuable insights into the role of E-
books in enhancing vocabulary skills among senior high school students at
NCST. This research contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding the
integration of digital resources in educational settings and provides a nuanced
understanding of the multifaceted influences of E-books on vocabulary
development.
Keywords: E-books, vocabulary skills

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………. i
APPROVAL SHEET …………………………………………………………… ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………. iii
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….…. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….… vii
LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………….………... viii
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………….………. ix
APPENDICES …………………………………………………….……………. x
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………. 1
Rationale …………………………………………………………………… 1
Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………… 4
Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………… 4
Significance of the Study …………………………………………………. 5
Scope and Delimitation of the Study ……………………………………. 6
7
Review of Related Literature ……………………………………………………
Conceptual Framework …….………………………………………….….. 19
Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………… 20
METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………… 22
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ……….………………………………......... 30
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………... 37
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Different E-books that can Enhance the Vocabulary of Grade 12
Students……………………………………………………………………………. 30
Table 3.2 The Uses of E-books to Improve the Vocabulary of the Grade 12
Students……………………………………………………………………………. 31
Table 3.3 The Effect of E-books in Vocabulary of the Grade 12 students
……………………………………………………………………………………... 33
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 The Paradigm of the Study 19
………………………………………….
1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Students’ vocabulary is widened through different types of websites on the
internet. Within these days, almost all people around the world — regardless of
age — are used to using technology in their daily lives. Technology also helps in
terms of education; It gives lots of help on teachers’ teaching techniques
especially the pandemic era. Unlike back then, lots of people are being
dependent on technology nowadays. E-books are one of the types of digital
technology available for students to use on academics. It can be either
downloaded or viewed online using different mediums; Cellphone, computer, and
any other devices with the access of the internet. That's the reason why E-books
are more accessible or convenient since anyone can access them online without
paying a large amount of money. Regardless of E-books being more accessible,
there are still a lot of people who say that books are more reliable since it is a
hard copy.
According to the website by Gokey (2020), there are reasons that E-books
are better. One of those states that E-books never got run out of stock since they
are digital. Also on the same website it says that E-books are better because
anyone can download it in a matter of minutes and don’t have to wait for it when
they order online.
Additionally, since grade 12 students are coming into a higher education,
they are currently digging to the professions and careers they will take. That is
one of the reasons why a grade 12 student wants to widen his/her vocabulary or
knowledge when it comes to the English language with the use of readings.
Certainly, there are unfamiliar words they will encounter and searching the
meaning of it through the internet or even in e-books, is more convenient.
These are the reasons why the researchers came up with the idea of
knowing the effect of E-books to a student vocabulary. The objective of this study
is to know if there is any significant effect of using and reading in E-books when it
comes to the vocabulary of grade 12 HUMSS students in NCST-SHS A.Y. 2023-
2024.
Objectives of the Study
Specifically, this study aims to:
1.) Identify the different E-books that can enhance the vocabulary of the
Grade 12 HUMSS students at NCST-SHS.
2.) Determine the uses of E-books to improves the vocabulary of the Grade
12 HUMSS students at NCST-SHS.
3.) Identify the effect of E-books in vocabulary of the grade 12 HUMSS
students at NCST-SHS A. Y. 2023-2024.
Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the E-books in
the vocabulary of the Grade 12 HUMSS students at NCST-SHS.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1.) What are the different E-books that can enhance the vocabulary of
the Grade 12 HUMSS students at NCST-SHS?
2.) What are the uses of E-books to improves the vocabulary of the
Grade 12 HUMSS students at NCST-SHS?
3.) What are the effect of E-books in vocabulary of the grade 12
HUMSS students at NCST-SHS A. Y. 2023-2024?

Significance of the Study
Significance of the study provides details to the reader on how the study
will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it
also includes an explanation of the work's importance as well as its potential
benefits.
The following are the ones who will be benefited by this study:
Students. This is important to students because they will know the effects
of E-books to improve or to enhance their vocabulary.
Teachers. The results of this study may provide information to teachers
about the effect of using E-books to improves student vocabulary. Through this
study, they can select the best and appropriate medium of E-books in teaching to
improve the performance of the students.
Parents. The results of this study may make parents realize the
importance of E-books in improving students’ vocabulary performance. They can
help their children develop and enhance their vocabulary by providing them the
necessary learning materials.
School Administrators. The results of this study may provide an
information on how school administrators can help integrate E-books to help the
students to enhance their vocabulary.

Future Researchers - Future researcher can use the findings of the study
as a basis for their future studies. They can get some information and data that
they needed regarding about the study that will serve as their reference material
if they would like to conduct a similar study.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Due to the stringent guideline required from the researchers. This study
mainly focused on the effects of the E-books in vocabulary of grade 12 HUMSS
students at National College of Science and Technology; find the effects of the
E-books in vocabulary of the student, what are the different E-books that can
enhance the vocabulary of the Grade 12 HUMSS students.
The research will only focus on the effects of the E-books in vocabulary of
the students at National College of Science and Technology. The researcher will
not be permitted to conduct survey for grade 12 HUMSS students in other
school.
The study started on November 2023 and ended on December 2023.

Review of Related Literature
Foreign Literature
Susantini et al. (2021) mentioned that it was remarked that e-books can
be a new approach to reading and can change how and when people use
libraries. As digital publishing expanded, libraries began to acquire significant
amounts of digital products allowing users to search digital documents in a
convenient and suitable manner.
Huang and Chang (2019) found that frequent e-book reading locations
included rooms at home, especially the living room, offices, schools, and on
transport to work. In different situations, the most common types of e-book
reading were: “business and finance,” “literature and fiction,” “tourism and sport,”
“lifestyle and hobbies,” and “fashion and entertainment.” While at home, readers
mainly read e-books on tablets, and they use smartphones while commuting.
Leong et al. (2019) discovered that most readers read e-books on tablets,
read at home, and read every week and that reading methods depend on the
type of books. In terms of the effect of e-books on readers, readers' knowledge of
e-books was related to the reading experience. Readers favored the
convenience of e-books, but they were used to reading paper books. Ease of use
of software and hardware and readers' reading habits were the key factors in
reading intention. Reading e-books changed reading habits, such as searching
for books, type of reading material, time spent reading, note-taking habits,
frequency of repeated reading, and book sharing behavior. Readers' problems
with e-books included installation, searching, and reading, with searching as the
biggest problem. Readers' needs for e-books resulted in bigger collections and
longer recommendation book lists.
Stouthuysen et al. (2018) mentioned that Davis also considered that users
might have a negative attitude toward specific information technology but would
still be willing to use the technology when its use is perceived to enhance
personal work performance.
(Silva and Cain, 2015; LervAag et al., 2018; Lawrence et al., 2019)
Vocabulary knowledge in reading comprehension refers to a kind of knowledge
that facilitates text comprehension by single, double, or more words/characters'
semantic meaning identification, providing the possibility of necessary cognitive
capacity for higher-level reading processes (Silva and Cain, 2015; LervAag et al.,
2018). Extant literature has shown that vocabulary knowledge contributes to
reading comprehension through semantic meaning identification and played a
collaborator role with inference on sentence meaning comprehension.

Local Literature
The article by Gonzalez (2021) states that eBook characteristics could be
advantageous to pupils. Students may find reading more fun thanks to eBook
features, and those who struggle with decoding may find that eBooks reduce the
strain of reading.
According to Ramirez and Mercado (2019), The Department of Education
Order 105, s. 2009 stated that as this country advances through the 21st-century,
the use of technology to research, organize, evaluate and communicate
information has grown. The teachers and students agreed that e-book helps in
enhancing student’s achievement in the attainment of the content standard. The
teachers agreed that students enhanced their acquired skills by demonstrating
independent learning, while students agreed that their skills improved because
they can transfer specific print-based reading skills to interactive.
According to Manayo (2022) Even in the midst of the COVID-19
pandemic, learning has to continue. With this, different learning modalities were
employed, and different teaching strategies were explored. Findings revealed
that the utilization of e-books has significantly improved the mastery level of the
students
According to Pasicolan, et. al. vocabulary acquisition is an integral part of
learning a language which involves a challenging process. Hence, the
implementation of efficient vocabulary learning strategies should be done among
different English classes to make it easier for students to enhance their
vocabulary skills. Finally, the overall evaluation of the participants to the Online
Remediation Program is Excellent. Thus, the research concludes that the
utilization of Project STRIVE is effective in enhancing the vocabulary skills of
Grade 7 students.
Foreign Studies
According to Peng et al. (2019) focuses on a personalized adaptive
learning approach implemented using smart learning environments. Both of
these studies are highly relevant for better understanding the impact of modern
educational technologies on teaching methods and contribute to the creation of
more personalized educational scenarios.
Kerimbayev et al. (2022) investigated the implementation of the I-learning
platform in the education system and emphasized the advantages of this
innovative platform, which contributes to improving the quality of education and
facilitating collaboration between teachers and students.

Many academic libraries have been closed, and users have had to use e-
books instead of printed books in libraries. As e-books are not yet commonly
used in Japan, this paper examines the impact of the pandemic on the use of e-
books in academic libraries in Japan. As a case study, the usage data for each e-
book platform in Kyushu University in Japan were analyzed, and the overall
trends in each period before and during the pandemic were revealed. The access
counts of e-books from January to June 2019 and those for 2020 were
examined.
Silva and Cain, 2015; LervAag et al., 2018; Lawrence et al., 2019) Extant
literature has shown that vocabulary knowledge contributes to reading
comprehension through semantic meaning identification and played a
collaborator role with inference on sentence meaning comprehension.
Local Studies
Martinez (2022) found in her study on Kotobee: Digital Means in
Developing Pupils’ English Vocabulary Skills amidst COVID-19 Pandemic that
learners nowadays have difficulties coping with the new normal education
because the Department of Education has implemented modular learning
wherein printed modules have been prepared. With regards to this
implementation, the teacher-researcher has been ascertained that printed
modules provided as an alternative learning delivery modality in these crucial

times are inadequate to help improve the performance of the pupils, most
specifically vocabulary development. There are possibilities that their parents are
the ones who answered the modules. Also, they tend to focus more on gadgets
or playing outside more than reading books or answering their modules. This
induced the teacher-researcher to conduct this research to improve the
vocabulary skills of English 6 pupils through the utilization of Kotobee Author
which is a tool of choice for reading interactive e-books on the web, mobile, and
desktop. The researcher believed that this digital and interactive tool is effective
and efficient in building vocabulary among young learners.
Legaspi (2021) has found in his study on the printed books or e-books —
which one is more beneficial in the new normal education system that due to the
battle against the virus, virtual education paved the way for many to continue
learning. New materials are introduced in the digital learning system, making e-
books among the new sources for knowledge. Also, as digital natives, students
now are more at ease with e-books. It has advantages and disadvantages but
one of it's benefits is their portability. One device can hold a library of books
without weighing more than one encyclopedia.
IPL (2021) released an article about "The Importance of Vocabulary in the
Philippines", stating that vocabulary plays a vital role in learning any language.
Vocabulary is “the knowledge of words and their meanings” (Nash & Snowling as
cited by Hansen, 2009). With vocabulary knowledge, a person can enhance
his/her understanding of the written and listening inputs that he/she encounters.
In the Philippines, the English language has been a part of its education and
used as a medium of instruction. This makes the country as the fifth largest
English speaking country in the world. However, although the Philippines is
considered as an English speaking country, its English hold is now declining
compared to its proficiency before.
According to de la Pena & Machete (2019) stated in their study of
"Students' Perception on Electronic Books Towars Reading Comprehension" that
as postulated by Long and Szabo in their research on e-readers and its effects,
students today are digital natives. It means that they have been raised
surrounded with technology, and that they spend many hours using such devices
as computers, video games, digital music players, iPads, e–readers, and cellular
phones. In addition, the influx of this available technology can help the students
to cope with the 21stcentury skills and competencies as mandated in the
RepublicAct No. 10533, otherwise known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act
of 2013” or the K to 12 Basic Education. Furthermore, the majority of the
students who owned an android or smart phones do have a form of reading
application in it, which they can use wherever they are, even on a bus, inside the
campus, in the dark, and at home. As of 2014, 63 percent of students are already
using electronic books, while 27 percent planned to in the future.
A recent study by Kumbhar (2018) suggested that e-books is still an
important medium for communication to support interdisciplinary materials.

E-BOOKS AS A LEARNING
MATERIAL IMPACT ON THE
STUDENTS’
 Digital Hand-outs (soft
VOCABULARY 19
copies)
 Power Point  Speaking
Presentation (PPT)  Reading
 Portable Document  Writing
Format (PDF)  Listening
(comprehension)
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1. The paradigm of the study

This study identified the effects of the E-books on the improvements of
students’ vocabulary improvements. The predictor variable is the E-books and
the criterion variable is the impact on the students’ vocabulary.
20
Definition of Terms
The following terminologies defined are keywords used in the study in
order to have a clear understanding of the whole concept of the study.
Digital resources materials that have been conceived and created
digitally or by converting analogue materials to a digital format.
E-books is a book in electronic form that can be read on a computer or
handheld device rather than in print.
Hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the case,
central processing unit, random access memory, monitor, mouse, keyboard,
computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.
HUMSS it means Humanities in Social Sciences Strand.
I-learning an immersive experience, usually involving enrollment in an
online schooling or tutoring website. It incorporates several technologies like
digital whiteboards, videos, and communication programs.
Interdisciplinary materials an open-access, peer-reviewed, and rapid-
publication journal focusing on the interdisciplinary research between materials
science and other disciplines
Reading Comprehension he ability to read text, process it and
understand its meaning.
Simple Random Sampling is a method where in you can select your
respondent randomly.
Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation
and data.
Vocabulary “the knowledge of words and their meanings” (Nash &
Snowling as cited by Hansen, 2009).


Humss 121 - O6 (Group 6, Pr2)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Humss 121 - O6 (Group 6, Pr2)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Humss 121 - O6 (Group 6, Pr2)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

THE EFFECT OF THE EBOOKS IN VOCABULARY OF THE GRADE 12

Cafe, Maria Nica Dannylica

Caingod, Jhon Dave Trumata

Cangke, Lebie De Oro

Castañares, Katherine Anne Picoy

de Guzman, John Clark Kiamco

Lopez, Jamilah Anne Godoy

This research study entitled “The Effect of the E-books in Vocabulary of

SHEELA B. VIDALLO, LPT

has been accepted and approved by the Committee on Oral Presentation

with a grade of PASSED

SHEELA B. VIDALLO ROBERTA A. MIRHAN, LPT

CAROLINA P. BAYLEN, LPT, MFL, MBA

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersions

Date: December 2023

The researcher, MARIA NICA DANNYLICA CAFE, JHON DAVE T. CAINGOD,

LEBIE D. CANGKE, KATHERINE ANNE P. CASTAÑARES, JOHN CLARK K.

DE GUZMAN, JAMILAH ANNE G. LOPEZ, would like to present their heartfelt

appreciation, respect, and admiration to the following individuals who have

helped them to successfully complete this study;

Ms. Sheela Vidalio, their Practical Research 2 adviser, who contributed

and for seeing their potential as a researcher;

Respondents, who helped them complete their study as well as answering

National College of Science and Technology, for giving them permission

to conduct their research inside the school premises;

God, for giving them enough knowledge, wisdom and strength in

facing many problems and sometimes being irresponsible but responsible

letting and guiding them to successfully finish their study.

To God be the glory!

Maria Nica Dannylica Cafe

Jhon Dave T. Caingod

Katherine Anne P. Castañares

John Clarck K. deGuzman

Jamilah Anne G. Lopez

THE EFFECT OF THE E-BOOKS IN VOCABULARY OF THE GRADE 12

This research investigates the influence of E-books on the vocabulary

development of Grade 12 HUMSS students at NCST Senior High School during

books in the students' vocabulary skills.

Using slovin’s formula,….. students of National College of Science and

Technology-SHS were selected through simple random sampling. Using Simple

Random Sampling as tool to select our respondent, through this we can

randomly pick our respondent at National College of Science and Technology

structured interview and a researcher-made survey questionnaire which was

weighted mean were used.

The research integrates quantitative analysis and qualitative insights.

Quantitative data involve a meticulous examination of vocabulary test scores,

vocabulary skills, qualitative aspects involve interviews and surveys to capture

nuanced perspectives on the impact of E-books on vocabulary acquisition.

books in enhancing vocabulary skills among senior high school students at

NCST. This research contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding the

integration of digital resources in educational settings and provides a nuanced

understanding of the multifaceted influences of E-books on vocabulary

Keywords: E-books, vocabulary skills

TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………. i

APPROVAL SHEET …………………………………………………………… ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….… vii