THE FIVE-YEAR RESUME: A CAREER

PLANNING EXERCISE

Dennis R. Laker
Widener University
Ruth Laker
Laker Associates

For most college students, lack of career planning wastes time and resources and
may result in years of “career drift.” Lack of planning can also lead to deception
once students begin seeking career-related employment. Faced with a competitive
job market, some students inflate and exaggerate their resumes. The five-year
resume exercise helps students avoid these difficulties by developing a future ori-
entation toward their career goals. Students create the resumes they would like to
have in five years. This exercise encourages both self-management and proactive-
ness. The exercise, sample questions, and a template are provided. Illustrations of
student feedback, benefits, and suggestions for faculty are presented.

Keywords: career planning; career management; five-year resume; career;

exercise; career; college student; resume; career drift

Alice: Would you tell me, please which way I ought to walk from here?
Cheshire Cat: That depends a good deal on where you want to go to.
Alice: I don’t much care where.
Cheshire Cat: Then it doesn’t matter which way you walk.
—Louis Carroll (n.d., p. 89)

Author’s Note: Parts of this article were presented at the Mid-Atlantic Regional
Organizational Behavior Teaching Conference, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 24, 2001,
and the the International College Teaching & Learning Conference in Las Vegas, Nevada,
October 4-8, 2004. We would like to thank two Journal of Management Education anony-
mous reviewers and Margaret Robinson at the Widener University Writing Center for their
helpful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this article. Correspondence should be
addresssed to Dennis R. Laker, Widener University, 129 Quick Center, School of Business
Administration, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013; phone: (610) 499-4512; e-mail:
drlaker@mail.widener.edu; Ruth Laker, www.sevenstarspress.com.

JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION, Vol. 31 No. 1, February 2007 128-141

DOI: 10.1177/1052562906290525
© 2007 Organizational Behavior Teaching Society

128
 Laker, Laker / THE FIVE-YEAR RESUME 129

The day I entered graduate school, a professor told me that I was there
because of what I had done five years ago and that where I would be in five
years would be determined by what I did today. I was surprised by this
statement. The link between the present and the future is obvious for most
but noticed by few. This lack of awareness is true of most students’ efforts
at career planning.
A frequent lament of many parents, faculty, and even of students them-
selves is that students do not plan their careers beyond picking their college
or university and choosing their major. Although students will eventually
decide on and pursue career goals, their efforts are often quite haphazard.
Rarely do they realize that what they do today has implications for their
professional development and future career opportunities. This lack of real-
ization leads to a failure to plan and limits their ability to be proactive in
their career pursuits. Indeed, a future orientation in one’s vocational devel-
opment is a sign of maturity, yet little has been done in career planning to
address this concept or promote a future orientation in career counseling
(Savickas, 1991; Whan, 1995). When students are encouraged to take a
future orientation, they develop a better sense of the continuity between
their past, present, and future (Marko & Savickas, 1998).
Research has shown that many college students are uncertain about how
to establish a professional career (Collins, 1998). Many of those entering
the workforce are poorly informed and subsequently ill prepared. For
instance, research has shown that newcomers to the workforce are not
knowledgable about potential careers, opportunities for career advance-
ment, or what their specific skills and interests are (Brousseau & Driver,
1994; Lyon & Kirby, 2000).
The first author has used this exercise for more than 20 years with more
than 1,000 students and has found it helped them better understand the impor-
tance of career planning and showed them how to be more proactive in devel-
oping and managing their professional development. The exercise asks
students to design their future in synchrony with their desired objectives con-
cerning life, family, and environment. Students create the resume they envision
having in five years, including the jobs, positions, experience, education, and
references the student would want to have by then. This process helps students
visualize their future on paper. The differences between the current resume and
the five-year resume identify the goals to accomplish within the next five
years, and these goals create a series of targets in developing an action plan.
Such planning leads to greater career success and overall life satisfaction.
The resume format is used because students are quite familiar with the
resume, and it plays such a critical role in their future employment. Practical
exercises in resume writing are routinely provided in colleges and are rated
most highly by college students when compared with other pedagogical
130 JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION / February 2007

activities (Schroth, Pankake, & Gates, 1999). The current resume represents
a professional snapshot of who the student is. The five-year resume, in con-
trast, is a picture of who the student wants to become professionally. The
starting point in creating the five-year resume is in identifying where one is
now, where one wants to be, and how one is going to get there. In this way,
the five-year resume helps to make career planning a conscious and system-
atic process. It serves as a map to guide students in making employment and
career-related decisions and in creating action plans to help them achieve
their career objectives. The use of five years is somewhat arbitrary. In reality,
any number of years could be used, but we have found five to be both a man-
ageable time period and the minimum needed to be of practical usefulness.
This exercise may be of interest to individuals who are trying to actively
plan and manage their own careers and to professionals who work with
students and have an interest in helping them to develop professionally. The
first author has generally used this exercise as part of a management or
human resource class taught to sophomores, juniors, seniors, nontraditional
students, and graduate or professional students. The five-year resume could
also be used as a stand-alone exercise for career exploration.
This exercise also addresses two other career-related issues some
students face: career drift and misrepresentation. Career drift usually occurs
in the absence of personal proactiveness and self-initiative. By not planning
their careers, most students’ efforts at professional development become
unstructured and fragmented. Their careers appear to be rudderless, falling
to the mercy of various forces, all seemingly out of their control. From
our perspective, it is important that an individual creates his or her future
rather than merely accepting it. Jack Welch, ex-CEO of General Electric,
expressed this point this way: “Manage your destiny, or somebody else
will.” Proactiveness decreases the likelihood of sitting back and letting
something or someone else manage your destiny.
Paradoxically, despite their lack of planning, research suggests that
students want both more career planning time with advisers (Alexitch,
1997) and approaches that use an interactive method in order to help them
explore career goals via academic planning (Broadbridge, 1996). Lyon
and Kirby (2000) advocated the perspective that professors have an oblig-
ation to help students develop the skills necessary to be successful and
satisfied in their future careers. This includes the intellectual and content-
related expertise acquired from their classes, as well as the skills related
to career exploration, job search, and professional development. We, too,
believe it is the responsibility of professors, advisers, and counselors to
help students actively with such planning and to provide them with the
tools they need to focus on their future and help provide the direction they
greatly require.
 Laker, Laker / THE FIVE-YEAR RESUME 131

The five-year resume, although introduced by an adviser, counselor,

or professor, emphasizes the importance of career self-management, an
expectation consistent with most organizations today (Kossek, Roberts,
Fisher, & DeMarr, 1998). From this perspective, the organization is respon-
sible for providing the resources and possible opportunities, but the indi-
vidual has to show the initiative and proactiveness necessary to make the
best use of what is provided. This orientation is also consistent with the
concept of the protean career (Hall, 1996; Mirvis & Hall, 1994) as well as
the increasingly boundary-less nature of professional careers (Arthur &
Rousseau, 1996). Self-direction, self-initiative, and proactiveness are by-
products of this exercise.
The second career-related issue addressed by this exercise is misrepre-
sentation on students’ resumes. Many students reach their senior year only
to find that their resume lacks the punch of their competition. Because it is
obviously too late to go back and do the things they should have done,
students omit, fabricate, or exaggerate their accomplishments, experiences,
or education (Hall, 2000). Simply put, they lie on their resumes. Lies are
almost always grounds for elimination from the applicant pool or dismissal
if the individual is subsequently hired. Many times such misrepresentations
occur because students did not think to do what they needed to in the past,
in order to obtain the type of employment they want in the present. To avoid
this situation, we routinely recommend that freshmen and sophomores
review the resumes of successful seniors and alumni in their major and
examine current job ads as well. This process allows the younger students
to see what will be expected of them in the future before it is too late.
This article presents instructions and six steps involved in the five-year
resume exercise, including a template for student use, followed by tips and
recommendations for faculty and career professionals. We then discuss
benefits that students have derived in completing this exercise and conclude
with some observations based on the first author’s use of this exercise for
more than 20 years.

Student Instructions and the Six Steps

in the Five-Year Resume Exercise

The first step is to create a current resume that identifies where students
are professionally and educationally. The current resume serves as the start-
ing point for career planning and represents where students are now and
what they have achieved to date. Instructions for the current resume are in
Appendix A.
The second step is to create a resume that represents what students want
their resumes to look like in five years. The new resume should include any
132 JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION / February 2007

additional educational credentials and degrees, memberships in professional

organizations, job titles, professional certifications, honors, awards, previous
jobs, publications, presentations, and volunteer activities. Appendix B pro-
vides a template of the five-year resume that we give students for this part
of the exercise. It includes a number of questions for students to answer.
Students identify information for their five-year resume in a variety of
ways, including interviews, ads, exercises, and mentoring. We do not rec-
ommend that the students try to create their five-year resume in a vacuum;
indeed, they cannot.

1. We encourage students to talk to professionals in their desired field. These

interviews help students identify what is possible and necessary for them to
achieve their career-related goals.
2. Most students acquire resumes of individuals who have or have had the posi-
tion(s) that they aspire to.
3. Some students use old want ads to identify jobs they would like to have in
the future. Once the position has been filled, they query the employer as to
what the successful candidates had on their resumes.
4. Younger students often focus on what their resumes would look like upon
graduation. In this instance, students talk to seniors who have been recog-
nized in their field by the faculty or who have been highly sought after by
employers.

For students who are unclear about their career goals, we recommend
career counseling and an exercise in career exploration. One career
exploratory exercise is the Career Wheel (Laker, 2002). Through this exer-
cise, students validate or invalidate their beliefs and assumptions about the
careers they are contemplating or actively pursuing. The goal of the Career
Wheel is to help students make a more informed career/job choice.
Although it can help students identify potential careers, its primary purpose
is to provide students with a systematic plan for exploring the careers in
which they are interested. The Career Wheel exercise relies on both self-
reflection and on making contact with professionals in the field. It uses
informational interviews in the true sense of the word, rather than as ploys
to seek employment (Laker, 2002). A second approach for exploring career
opportunities is to view potential careers through online mentoring
(Whiting & de Janasz, 2004). This approach also allows the student to
explore a variety of careers and career paths.
The third step is for students to determine their short-term and long-term
goals. Students identify long-term goals by conceptually subtracting what
is on their current resume from what is on their five-year resume. (See
Appendix B for illustrations.) The difference identifies what they need to
achieve in order to reach their five-year goals. These goals then serve as a
basis for developing a series of short-term, specific milestones that need to
be accomplished in order to achieve the long-term goals.
 Laker, Laker / THE FIVE-YEAR RESUME 133

These milestones should reflect both what is valued by individuals and

their perceptions of what potential employers will value. These milestones
help to both guide behavior as well as validate the actions and resources
needed to achieve them. Research on goal setting has found that to be most
effective, goals should be specific and measurable (Locke & Latham,
1990). In identifying their goals, it is extremely beneficial for students to
measure their progress in accomplishing these goals. The questions in the
template in Appendix B can be very helpful in showing students how to
measure progress. The measurement of career progress in this exercise
should be based upon the student’s specific action steps or career-related
activities, as identified in the fourth step. In almost all cases, the measure-
ment of goals should be individualized, not normalized, and should have
meaning to the individual student rather than to another person.
The fourth step is to create a series of action plans and identify the
resources needed to complete these action plans. In order for students to do
this, they need to address the following questions: What is going to be
done? When will it be done? What resources will be needed (time, money,
emotional and physcial support, experiences, and opportunities)? If an
internship or practical experience is necessary, students need to ask: When
will it occur? Who will it be with? Who can help with acquiring such an
experience? The five-year goals can then be broken down by year, by what
will be accomplished in each of the 12 months of that year, and then into
each of the 4 weeks of each month, and so on.
All decisions concerning education, career, internships, job choice, and
other actions should support and be in alignment with overall goals. For
example, students might forgo a party to do well on a test, to get higher
grades in college, to get into graduate school. They may take a “prep” course
to obtain higher scores on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), Graduate
Record Examination (GRE), or Graduate Management Admission Test
(GMAT). They may save money one summer in order to take a nonpaying
internship the next. Such planning helps students to link their present deci-
sions to their long-term goals. Without identifying what those career goals
are, the students’ decisions in these areas would be guided by a variety of
factors, many of which could ultimately hinder or even derail the students’
pursuit of their career goals and possible opportunities.
The fifth step is for students to discuss how they will implement their
action plans. Goals can and do change, and students will need to make
adjustments in their action plans, but they still can follow through in a
sequential fashion. We have found it beneficial for students to periodically
examine their action plans to see if they are on target or if their target has
changed. Some choose to do this at regular intervals, others after major
events in their life. Action planning is a dynamic process and thus is subject
to change; the five-year resume serves only as a starting point.
134 JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION / February 2007

The sixth step is to have students summarize what they have learned
from this exercise. Students prepare a final paper that outlines how they
have performed each of the six steps of the project and the conclusions they
have drawn. Most students use this summary to reflect on their experience
and either validate or invalidate their career choices. At this time, we also
ask each student to evaluate the exercise by answering the following four
questions:

1. What difficulties did you have in completing this exercise?

2. How did you resolve these difficulties?
3. What do you consider the benefits of this exercise?
4. What do you consider the disadvantages of this exercise?

Tips and Recommendations for Faculty and Career

Professionals

This exercise is designed to be a semester-long project. A shorter time

frame seems to be considerably less beneficial for the students. The exer-
cise requires a great deal of self-reflection and time to ponder and clarify
career goals and the path to achieve them. This time also provides the
students with an opportunity to contact various professionals in their field
by using their school breaks and vacations to interview people near their
homes or elsewhere.
One needs to provide the opportunity for weekly or biweekly discus-
sion of the exercise. During the semester I often have the students discuss
their experiences in completing the exercise as well as any problems that
they might be having. I usually ask the students to discuss their experi-
ences as part of a dyad or triad. Then as a class, they summarize their
experiences and their comments on the board or on a flip chart. I found
that students vicariously learn from each other and that frequently one
student’s success can go a long way in encouraging another student to try
something different. During this time, the faculty can also provide any
necessary guidance or support to a student or students, or present a perti-
nent story or illustration.
This is not an exercise of convenience. The professor should encourage
students to identify the specific individuals or type of people that they
would get the most out of talking with. Too frequently, students want to
interview only those people that they already know or who are physically
or emotionally convenient. The criteria for interviewing someone is not the
ease of completion of the exercise but, rather, who would provide the
student with the greatest benefit of information. The student usually needs
to go beyond the personal, professional, or organizational worlds with
which he or she is most familiar. I usually present stories and illustrations
 Laker, Laker / THE FIVE-YEAR RESUME 135

from previous classes of students who were successful in completing this

exercise. Such illustrations are especially beneficial in helping students
develop greater self-efficacy and thus go beyond their comfort zone.
Most of these illustrations focus on individuals who were initially quite
anxious about contacting someone that they did not know. These illustrations
are usually quite vivid and describe how the students’ feelings of anxiety,
doubt, or uncertainty can immobilize them and lead to avoidance and pro-
crastination in completing the exercise. I have collected and read students’
thoughts prior to contacting someone and their relief and surprise once their
efforts have been successful. I have also had students from previous classes
come and discuss their experiences in completing the exercise. The illustra-
tions point to the lack of experience that most students have in this area and
how their lack of experience leads to dysfunctional and fearful thinking. I also
help my students prepare and practice what they will say or write to prospec-
tive contacts. In some instances, I suggest that they initially contact someone
that they know personally, such as a parent or sibling of a friend. I will have
them discuss this experience with the class and then have them, through suc-
cessive approximation, identify and contact people that they do not know.
With few exceptions, these efforts always prove successful.
This exercise helps students to expand their awareness of various
career-related activities and development. In creating the five-year resume,
many students discover the significance of career development and man-
agement activities. One area frequently discovered is that of the profes-
sional organization. As undergraduates, most students see such extracurricular
activities as merely additional lines on their resume. As they pursue the
potential benefit of such organizations for their future, they see exactly
what they can obtain from such professional affiliations. Besides the obvi-
ous networking and social opportunities, students learn that professional
organizations also provide educational seminars and resources, employ-
ment listings and referrals, opportunities for pro bono developmental pro-
jects, internships, leadership opportunities, and opportunities to share
common problems and successes. In reflection, many students have told me
that they feel quite fortunate to discover these benefits sooner rather than
later in their career, or even not at all.
This is a self-directed learning experience. The faculty must explain to
the student what self-directed learning is, and the student will then define
what he or she should do within the framework of the exercise.
This is not your career. It is very critical that the faculty not project their
own values and judgments onto the career aspirations of their students.
From our experience, some rather motivationally and intellectually gifted
students chose career objectives that seemed too much below what they
could reasonably aspire to, and others chose career objectives too far above.
136 JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION / February 2007

However, one has to remember that these are their careers, and our role is
to provide guidance, not judgment.
A traditional evaluation of this exercise is difficult. We found it extremely
difficult to evaluate the content of the five-year resume in the traditional
sense of looking for a correct or desired response. Instead, we focus on
whether and to what extent the student completed each of the various steps
of the exercise. All six steps should be part of the evaluation process.
Students are also required to seek input from our Career Planning and
Services program on campus. They review and advise students in the cre-
ation of their current resume. We have also required students to take their
five-year resume to a separate professional in the field for that individual’s
review and input. Judging the efficacy or benefits of this exercise should not
be restricted to only whether there is a demonstrable impact on their stated
career-related goals. The success of this exercise is not that they achieve the
objectives that they listed on their five-year resume per se but that they
understand and appreciate the value of career planning and that they can be
proactive in terms of their career management. Many students, upon com-
pletion of this exercise, come to the conclusion that they are pursuing the
wrong career and switch majors, a decision that is better made sooner than
later and a testament to the effectiveness of the exercise.

Student-Identified Benefits of the Five-Year Resume

Through our experiences, we have found this to be a novel way of help-

ing students become better aware of the significance of planning in the
process of effectively managing their careers. Most students come to real-
ize that what they do today influences where they will be tomorrow and that
this will make a difference in their personal and professional lives. Students
were routinely asked to evaluate and comment on the effectiveness of
this exercise. In general, students found this exercise to be beneficial in
three significant ways. First, students have found the five-year resume to be
an excellent way to identify career-related goals and to subsequently create
an action plan for moving toward those goals with confidence. Students
also found it easier to put their goals on paper with this exercise than
through previous efforts because the written goals become more tangible.
Second, this exercise made the students think of what kind of additional
education, professional experience, and activities they would need to
acquire in order to achieve their career objectives. Through this exercise,
most students realized for the first time that their professional education
and development must continue after college or graduate school. Finally,
students saw this exercise as a good way to initiate important career-related
 Laker, Laker / THE FIVE-YEAR RESUME 137

discussion with significant others both in their personal and professional

lives. In this way, the exercise led to the involvement of others in their career
development, and they frequently acquired mentors and internships through
this process. These benefits are illustrated by the following sample of
students’ comments.

This assignment gave me an opportunity to organize my thoughts, goals, and

dreams into a plan, sort of a checklist for the future. When I see on the paper
what I want to accomplish and where I want to be, it is easier to determine
the steps to get there. I see this exercise as a way of looking at my values, pri-
orities; [it’s a form of] self-analysis.

I found the Five-Year Resume exercise to be very beneficial. My desire to

advance didn’t really have a foundation on which to work from. I didn’t have
a “true” blueprint that accurately identified the goal. . . . This was a fun and
interesting exercise, and I am glad you assigned it.

This exercise really helped me to examine my future. Have I taken the right
steps to be in that position? What additional steps do I need to take? I enjoyed
the assignment, and it helped me organize my career goals.

I found it very challenging to think out the step-by-step details of my career

advancement. I always knew where I wanted the final rest point to be, but
I never really took a long look at what specific direction I would use to get
there.

I found that this was a very challenging and eye-opening experience. What
I liked is that by writing down my goals, I have a very good chance of achiev-
ing them. With my day-to-day activities I would not have taken the time to
do this very important exercise. This exercise “reenergized me.”

I am not sure if this is where I will be in five years, but it gives me some sort
of basis to try and gear my future. It really made me think about my future
and where I wanted to be in five years. This exercise forced me to look at my
life and set goals for the next five years. It made me realize that I am the only
one that can take care of my career plans.

Though I have a general idea of what I need to do to reach a position of

greater responsibility, I have never discussed with my supervisor the specifics
about the training I need or the time frames in which to accomplish certain
steps in the development process. I have since done so.

I found this exercise to be both rewarding and challenging. It forced me to

really think about my personal and professional goals. It really made me
visualize where I could be in five years as well as determine what I needed
to do to get there. Questions like would I be married and where would I live
made me think about personal goals that I have put on hold while attending
college. It forced me to take a look at all aspects of my future.
138 JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION / February 2007

I feel the key part of this assignment was the personal assessment of my cur-
rent skills and how they needed to match or possibly be enhanced to the skills
required for those positions I aspire to in the future.

The assignment helped me to uncover those areas I would need to develop in

order to reach my goals. It also enabled me to realize that these goals are
achievable provided I follow a plan. The five-year resume helped me map out
such a plan. This exercise, overall, left me feeling very excited about my
future! It made me realize that the real world is not very far away.

It’s amazing—I actually decided to use vacation time to get some useful
experience at a client’s business.

Summary

The five-year resume is a tool designed to assist students in both prepar-

ing for and designing their future. This exercise asks the student to visualize
their future by designing a resume that they would like to have in five years.
One’s current resume defines both where they have been and where they are
now. The five-year resume defines where they want to be, and the action plan
identifies what they need to do to prepare themselves for their professional
future. As evidenced by the students’ comments, this exercise encourages a
great deal of reflection. For some, such reflection can be difficult or anxiety
producing. This response is understandable because this exercise implicitly
forces students to question what they are doing in terms of their future career.
Many students do not realize the future implications of their present actions
and decisions, and they need faculty and other professionals to actively teach
them how to plan. Planning forces the individuals to link their present life
decisions to their overall career goals and objectives. The key is to help
students realize that career planning can affect their future. The major goal of
the five-year resume is thus to empower the students by engaging them in the
process of self-analysis, self-direction, and self-management.
The five-year resume is only a starting point. Career planning is never
final; it must be structured and yet must always remain flexible. It has to be
structured to enable one to identify and pursue the steps or activities neces-
sary to accomplish one’s goals. It must be flexible because career planning
is a dynamic process. It is doubtful that most of the students’ resumes in
five years will look exactly like the ones they have created in this exercise.
For many, their goals will change as the individuals’ needs or circumstances
change. More frequently than not, the greatest benefits from this exercise
are in the questions it raises in the students’ minds, enhancing their sense of
empowerment to seek answers to those questions and in becoming aware
that what they do today affects where they will be tomorrow.
 Laker, Laker / THE FIVE-YEAR RESUME 139

Appendix A
Student Instructions and the Steps in the Five-Year Resume
Exercise

The first step is to create a current resume that identifies where you are profes-
sionally and educationally. The second step is to create a resume that repre-
sents what you want your resume to look like in five years. Appendix B
provides a template of the five-year resume that can serve as a guide to help
in completing this part of the exercise.
You can identify the entries for your five-year resume in a variety of ways. You
should not create your five-year resume in a vacuum. It is important to talk
to a number of professionals in your desired field in creating this resume. You
may also acquire the resumes of individuals who presently have or have had
the position(s) that you aspire to possess. You may use old want ads to iden-
tify jobs you would like to have in the future. You may also want to talk to
seniors who have been recognized in their field by the faculty or who have
been highly sought after by employers. If you are unclear as to what career
you wish to pursue, there are a variety of ways that you might explore possi-
ble careers. One career exploratory exercise is the Career Wheel (Laker,
2002). The reference for this exercise appears below.
The third step is to identify your short-term and long-term goals. You identify
these long-term goals by conceptually subtracting what’s on your current
resume from what you have on your five-year resume. The difference is what
you plan to achieve in order to reach your five-year goals. These goals then
serve as a basis for developing a series of more short-term, specific goals that
would need to be accomplished in order to achieve your long-term goals.
Research on goal setting has found that to be most effective, goals should be
specific and measurable. It is extremely beneficial that you create some way
of measuring your progress in accomplishing these goals.
The fourth step is to create a series of action plans and identify the resources
needed to complete them. You need to address the following questions: What
is going to be done? When will it be done? What resources will be needed
(time, money, emotional and physical support, experiences, and opportuni-
ties)? If an internship or practical experience is necessary, you need to ask:
When will it occur? Who will it be with? Who can help with acquiring such
an experience? Your five-year goals can then be broken down by year, by
what will be accomplished in each of the 12 months of that year, and then
into each of the 4 weeks of each month, and so on. All decisions concerning
education, career, internships, job choice, and other actions should support
and be in alignment with your overall goals.
The fifth step is for you to discuss how you will implement your action plans.
Remember: Action planning is a dynamic process and thus is subject to
change; the five-year resume serves only as a starting point.
The sixth step is for you to summarize what you have learned from this exercise.
You need to prepare a final paper that outlines how you have performed each
of the previous five steps of this exercise and the conclusions you have drawn.
140 JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION / February 2007

Laker, D. (2002). The Career Wheel: An exercise for exploring and validating one’s career
choices. Journal of Employment Counseling, 39, 61-72.

Abridged from Laker, D. (2005). The five-year resume: A career planning exercise and work-
book. Unpublished manuscript. Kimberton, PA. (610) 499-4512, drlaker@mail.widener.edu.
A published version of this workbook will be available in fall 2006 from Seven Stars Press,
www.sevenstarspress.com.

Appendix B
Five-Year Resume Questions

Objective Name, Address:

• What is your career objective? City, State and Country
• What are your goals? • Have you changed your name?
Name •
• What do you want to do in What’s your address?
another five years? Address • In what city and state do you
City, State, Zip Code, Country live?
• What country do you live in?
Professional Experience
• What positions have you had?
• What jobs have you had? What Education
were your duties and • What additional education or
responsibilities in those jobs? degrees have you obtained?
• What work experiences have you • What schools have you attended
had? or graduated from?
• Who have you worked for? What • What courses have you taken?
were their positions, titles, • What areas have you majored or
Objective minored in?
responsibilities, etc?
• Who has served as your coach or • Who have you studied with?
mentor? Education • What certifications or professional
• What titles have you had? designations have you earned?
• What companies have you
worked for? Professional Experience
• What industries have you worked Professional Activities
in? • What professional organizations
• What success have you had in Professional Activities have you joined?
these various jobs? • What positions or offices have
• How has that success been Volunteer Activities you had?
measured? • What activities have you worked
• What accomplishments or awards on or headed?
have you achieved? Personal Interests • What specific accomplishments
or successes have you had?
• How have these been measured?
Volunteer Activities References • What awards or honors have you
• What activities have you engaged earned?
in as a volunteer or for charity • What presentations have you
purposes? made to professional organizations?
• What role did you play in such • What have you published?
activities? • What has been published about
• What were the results of yours’ you?
and others’ activities? • What pro bono work have you
• Have you served on any boards done through your professional
of directors? organizations?

© 2005 Dennis R. Laker, PhD

References Personal Interests

• Who will be your references? • What are you now interested in?
• What positions and titles will • What are your hobbies?
they have? • How have the personal aspects of
• Who will they know? your life changed in the last five
• Who will know them? years?
• What will they know about you?
• What will they say about you?

Abridged from Laker, D. (2005). The five-year resume: A career planning exercise and
workbook. Unpublished manuscript.
 Laker, Laker / THE FIVE-YEAR RESUME 141

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