Personal Development

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
The Challenges of Middle and
Late Adolescence
Personal Development
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: The Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence
First Edition, 2020

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Personal Development
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
The Challenges of Middle and
Late Adolescence
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Personal Development – Grade 11/12 Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Personal Development!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

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For the learner:
Welcome to the Personal Development – Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Personal Development!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic
success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process

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 what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
nature of Personal Development. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Challenges during Adolescence
 Lesson 2 – Affirmations

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify ways that help one become capable and responsible adolescent prepared for adult
life.
2. Discuss understanding of mental health and psychological well-being to identify ways to
cope with the stress during adolescence.
3.

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 What I Know

Identify the different developmental challenges of late adolescence in different human

aspects. Match developmental changes in Column A with the human aspects Column B by
writing the corresponding letter on the space before each number.
Column A Column B
Developmental Challenges Human Aspects

____1. They have a better understanding of complex A. Physical

problems and issues. B. Emotional
____2. They become more aware of social behaviors of
friends. C. Social
____3. They are better able to set goals and thinks of D. Mental
the
future.
____4. They start to have more intellectual interest.
____5. They experience of intimate relationship.
____6. They seek privacy and time alone.
____7. They are concerned about physical and sexual
attractiveness
____8. They may stress over school and test scores.
____9. They may complain that parents prevent him or
her from doing things independently
____10. Most girls have completed the physical
changes related to puberty by age 15
____11. They seek friends that share the same beliefs,
values, and interests
____12. Friends become more important for them.
____13. Boys are still maturing and gaining strength,
muscle mass, and height and are completing
development of sexual traits.
____14. They become more aware of social behaviors
of their friends.
____15. They start to develop moral ideals and to select
role models.

Lesson
Challenges during Adolescence
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 Teens face many obstacles, problems and decisions during this period of transition. As
adolescents continue their self-discovery journey, they must continually adjust to new experiences as
well as the other changes that happen to them in all aspects of human development.
In this lesson, we will learn the different challenges during adolescence to guide and help them
able to clarify and manage the demands of teen years. Understanding these obstacles, as a person,
we can plan efficiently and help them prepare for adult life to become competent and responsible.

What’s In

“The youth is the hope of our

future”.
Dr. Jose Rizal

Guide Questions:

1. This is one of the famous quotes of Dr. Jose Rizal. What do you think is the importance of
the message for young people like you?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think this quote is still applicable to our youth today? How will you describe our
youth nowadays?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the challenges being faced by our adolescents nowadays?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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 What’s New

Read and understand the poem entitled “The Youth of Today” by Barry Mowles

The Youth of Today

Posted by Poetry by Barry Mowles-Destiny to Write Publications November 21, 2011

Our modern world is changing, and everyone is busy blaming the youth of today;
But how can we blame the future, when it was us who made their world this way.
Our street corners are full, as our children think that it’s okay to walk into the darkness with a knife;
When did we stop teaching our kids that the greatest ever gift, is quite simply LIFE.
Footballers earning a million pound a month, whilst children in Africa sit crying their hunger pain;
Pier pressure is weighing down our future generations, as they begin to buckle under the strain.
Our children are now living in a virtual world, with MSN, Facebook and Twitter, they no longer need to
speak face to face;
If only they knew time is valuable, and a lost childhood is the one thing that no one could ever
replace.
Girls desperate to be thin, as their air brushed idols kneel at the toilet throwing up their breakfast,
lunch and tea;
A silent generation sits texting on the latest mobile, whilst playing their PS3.
Faces hide behind hoodies, but not all youngsters want to go out and cause a riot;
Each of us is born with a hidden gift, but our future children have just forgotten how to find it.
We are leaving a broken planet to our children’s children, whilst our Governments just spout hot air,
adding to our global warming;
With the worlds ice caps still melting, and our wildlife slowly disappearing, this is starting to sound
more like a global warming.
Older generations demand respect, but its one way traffic, as respect back is something they do not
show;
Instead of teaching our children how to fly, we tie them down with yet another ASBO.
If only they knew time is valuable, and a lost childhood is the one thing that no one could ever
replace.
Girls desperate to be thin, as their air brushed idols kneel at the toilet throwing up their breakfast,
lunch and tea;

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 A silent generation sits texting on the latest mobile, whilst playing their PS3.
Faces hide behind hoodies, but not all youngsters want to go out and cause a riot;
Each of us is born with a hidden gift, but our future children have just forgotten how to find it.
We are leaving a broken planet to our children’s children, whilst our Governments just spout hot air,
adding to our global warming;
With the worlds ice caps still melting, and our wildlife slowly disappearing, this is starting to sound
more like a global warming.
Older generations demand respect, but its one way traffic, as respect back is something they do
not show;
Instead of teaching our children how to fly, we tie them down with yet another ASBO.
Frustration and neglect flows through the streets of this concrete jungle, the one place that we now
all call our home;
Bullies and racists still torture their victims, leaving them to cry in the shadows, all on their own.
Plastic surgery changing bodies, changing faces, as the years pass the dreams we all had as
children slowly fade away;
Before long the dawn of a new generation will begin, and no doubt people will still be blaming,
THE YOUTH OF TODAY

Guide Questions:
1. As you read from the poem, give at least 3 challenges of the youth today that were highlighted by
the author?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. How will describe the kind of society the youth of today have?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Identify the issues describe in the poem. As a youth, how can you solve those issues?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

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 What is It

The Passage to Adulthood: Challenges of Late Adolescence

There are significant changes in development and difficulties associated with puberty, as
young people learn and integrate the pre-requisite skills, attitudes, beliefs and social capital to turn
successfully into adulthood. Late adolescence and subsequent period, often referred to as
adulthood, were noted as especially important to set the stage for continued life-span
development as individuals begin making choices and engaging in a range of activities that will
influence the rest of their lives.
Here are some developmental challenges late adolescents encountered in the different
aspects of their lives.
Physical Development
Most girls have completed the physical changes related to puberty by age 15.
Boys are still maturing and gaining strength, muscle mass, and height and are
completing the development of sexual traits.

Emotional Development
May stress over school and test scores.
Is self-involved (may have high expectations and low self-concept).
Seeks privacy and time alone.
Is concerned about physical and sexual attractiveness.
May complain that parents-prevent him or her from doing things independently.
Start to want both physical and emotional intimacy in relationships.
Experiences of intimate relationships

Social Development
Shifts in relationship with parents from dependency and subordination to one that
reflects the adolescent’s increasing maturity and responsibilities in the family and the
community
Is more and more aware of social behaviors of friends
Seeks friends that share the same beliefs, values, and interests
Friends become more important
Starts to have more intellectual interests
Explores romantic and sexual behaviors with others
May influenced by peers to try risky behaviors (school, tobacco, sex)
Mental Development
Becomes better able to set goals and think in terms of the future
Has a better understanding of complex problems and issues
Starts to develop moral ideals and to select role models

(Source: http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/49326/179_ftp.pdf)

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Lesson
Affirmations
2
Encouragement is the key ingredient for improving your relationships with others. It
is the single most important skill necessary for getting along with others--so important that
the lack of it could be considered the primary cause of conflict and misbehavior.
Encouragement develops a person’s psychological hardiness and social interest.
Encouragement is the life blood of a relationship.
Encouragement is not a new idea. Its spiritual dates back to the Bible in Hebrews
3:11 which states, “Encourage one another daily.” Encouragement, as a psychological idea,
was developed by psychiatrist Alfred Adler in the early 20th century and continue to evolve
through the work of Adler’s follower Rudolph Dreikurs.
Encouragement is not a technique nor it is a special language used to gain
compliance. Encouragement conveys the idea that all human beings are worthwhile, simply
because they exist. Encouragement enhances a feeling of belonging which leads to greater
social interest. Social interest is the tendency for people to unite themselves with other
human beings and to accomplish their tasks in cooperation with others.
The first step to becoming an encouraging person is to learn to distinguish
encouragement from discouragement. As a rule, ask yourself: Whatever I say or do, will
bring me closer together or farther apart from this person?
(Source: http://centervideo.forest.usf.edu/qpi/goalsofpar/handout02.pdf)

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 What’s More

Activity 1.1 Discover Yourself.

As an adolescent, list at least two developmental challenges for each aspect of
human development you encountered in your everyday life. Fill up the matrix below.

Physical Social

Discovering
Myself

Emotional Mental

Processing Questions:
1. Based on your answers, what is the most difficult developmental challenge you encountered in your
life? Briefly explain why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. How did such most difficult developmental challenge affect you as an adolescent?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. How were you able to manage and overcome this challenge?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 1.2 I am a Lovable and Capable Teenager
When adolescents feel lovable and capable, the conditions of depression, anxiety or panic will
be significantly less. High self-esteem is very important for good mental health among adolescents.
Adolescents with high self-esteem are more likely to achieve, develop better relationships, and
generally make the most of themselves.
As an adolescent, identify your characteristics that make you a lovable and capable
teenager. Being loveable makes one more acceptable and appealing to others because of the inner
goodness in him or her. Being capable makes one recognize his or her abilities and gifts to fully
develop oneself and eventually put them to serve others. Draw symbols inside the boxes that reflect
your being a “lovable” and a “capable” teenager. Write short explanations about these symbols in two
to three sentences on the space provided below.

I AM A LOVABLE AND CAPABLE TEENAGER

LOVABLE CAPABLE

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 What I Have Learned

ONE WORD/PHRASE

Think of a WORD or PHRASE that will capture your understanding of the lesson. Write it
inside the box and explain it in one sentence.

Explanation:_____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

My Personal Declarations
Personal Declarations are meant to encourage you to take control of the influences in your
life. They are suggestions as to what positive things you can speak about your own life instead of
accepting whatever has been said about you in the past. You now have the authority to plant the
seeds of love, encouragement and victory in your garden, thereby crowding out the weeds of
negativity that may already have taken root!
Write your own personal declaration. Make a creative slogan to highlight the impact of your
personal declarations in your life.
I declare:
that I am ______________________________________________________
that I am ______________________________________________________
that I am ______________________________________________________
that I am ______________________________________________________
that I am ______________________________________________________

Slogan:

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 Assessment

Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

____________1. Encouragement is the life blood of relationship.
____________2.High self-esteem is very important for promoting good mental health among
adolescents.
____________3. Seeking privacy and time alone is one of the physical developmental challenge
experience by an adolescent.
____________4. Alfred Adler, a psychiatrist who developed encouragement as a psychological idea.
____________5. In the period of transition, adolescent has stable and unchanged life.
____________6. Social interest is the tendency for people to unite themselves with other human
beings and to accomplish their tasks in cooperation with others.
____________7.The first step to becoming an encouraging person is to learn to distinguish
encouragement from discouragement.
____________8. Encouragement is the key ingredient for improving your relationships with others.
____________9. When adolescents feel that they are love and capable of doing things responsibly,
they are less likely to experience anxiety and depression.
____________10. Personal Declarations are meant to encourage you to take control of the
influences in your life.
____________11. Encouragement conveys the idea that all human beings are worthwhile, simply
because they exist
____________12. One of the emotional developmental challenges of adolescents is a better
understanding of complex problem and issues.
____________13. Personal Declaration are positive things that you can say about the other’s life.
____________14. Lack of encouragement is considered as primary cause of conflicts and
misbehavior.
____________15. Adolescents with high self-esteem are more likely to achieve, develop better
relationships, and generally make the most of themselves.

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 Additional Activities

Read and analyze the Case Study below. Write down your answer on the following questions.

Case Study

Shalini and her friends in class 9 were preparing for the school’s annual function. All of them
were very excited. Anita, one of Shalini’s classmates mocked at her, “You are so dark. We will need
additional light to be able to see you on the stage.”
Shalini’s good friend, Madhu felt bad for Shalini and advised her to use a cream to make her
complexion lighter. “You already dance so well. Can you imagine how nice you will look on the stage
if you had a lighter complexion?”
Shalini smiled and said, “Thank you, Madhu. I appreciate your concern but I am happy with my
complexion. My teacher and I are working hard on my dance practice and I am confident that our
efforts and your good wishes will lead to a good performance.”

(Source: http://www.ncert.nic.in/programmes/aep/pdfs/MODULE%204%20UNDERSTANDING%
20ADOLESCENCE.pdf)

Processing Questions:
1. What do you think of Anita’s remark about Shalini?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think that having a light complexion is important for being beautiful?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

3. Do you think that Madhu is trying to perpetuate the stereotype that having a light complexion is an
important component of being beautiful?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think of Shalini’s response?

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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References
Evans, T. Encouragement 101: The Courage to Be Imperfect
http://centervideo.forest.usf.edu/qpi/goalsofpar/handout02.pdf

Fernandez, B. et al.(2016) Personal Development 1st Ed. Department of Education. Sunshine

Interlinks Publishing House, Inc.: Quezon City

Mowles, B. (2011) The Youth of Today

https://poetrybybarrymowles.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/new-poem-the-youth-of- today/

Module 4 Understanding Adolescence

http://www.ncert.nic.in/programmes/aep/pdfs/MODULE%204%20 UNDERSTANDING
%20ADOLESCENCE.pdf

Zarrett, NR. (2006) The Passage to Adulthood: Challenges of Late Adolescence

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/49326/179_ftp.pdf

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