C2-3 PH ckts-S1

EEPW 2251
ELECTRICAL POWER TECHNOLOGY
SEM 1 /2022-2023
Premanand K.P.
Lecturer-EE, Engg Dept
UTAS-Al Musannah
1
THREE PHASE SYSTEM
A three-phase system (3-phase) is a
combination of three single phase
Three Phase
(1-phase) systems. In a 3-phase balanced
Supply
system, the power comes from an ac
generator that produces three separate
but equal voltages, each of which is out of
phase with the other voltages by 120o
WAVEFORMS AND PHASOR DIAGRAMS OF
THREE PHASE SYSTEM
Such a set of voltages is called a balanced set and is characterized by

The three-phase system can be connected in two ways.
(a) Y-connected
(b) Δ-connected
3 Phase Sources and Loads in Star & Delta Connections
CONNECTIONS OF THREE PHASE SYSTEM
1. Star Connection
Example:
3 phase generators
uses star connections
• Assume that all three
coils have same
Impedances - Z
1. Star connection - Phasor/Vector Diagram
• Assume that all

three coils have
same Impedances Z
And the current in the neutral conductor, IN=0

2. Delta Connection
Example:
Three phase transformers,
Motors and Loads use Star or
Delta connections.
• Assume that all

three coils have
same Impedances Z
2. Delta Connection – Phasor / Vector Diagram
• Assume that all

three coils have
same Impedances Z
TYPES OF 3 PHASE CONNECTIONS
Both Source and load can be connected in either Wye or Delta.
1. Star-Star
2. Star- Delta
3. Delta-Star
4. Delta-Delta
TYPES OF 3 PHASE CONNECTIONS…
Power in Three Phase Systems
ADVANTAGES OF THREE PHASE SYSTEM
1. For a given amount of power transmitted through a system,Three
phase system requires conductors with a smaller cross-sectional
area compared with a single phase two wire circuit of the same
current carrying capacity. This means saving of copper (or
Aluminum) and thus the original installation costs are less.
2. The electric power is generated and distributed in three phases.
3. 3-phase system is flexible in the choice of voltages.
4. It can be used for single phase loads also.
5. Three-phase motors are very robust, relatively cheap, and
generally smaller, provide steady output and require little
maintenance compared with single phase motors.
6. Three phase machines are more efficient than single phase
machines for same rated capacity.
Differences between Single Phase and Three Phases
1. The single-phase (1-ph) power is supplying through a single conductor

2. Three-phase (3-ph) power is supplying through three conductors
3. The 1-ph supply has one wave cycle where as, 3-ph has three wave cycles.
4. The capacity of power transfer in the 1-ph is less than 3-ph
5. The connection of 1-ph is simple where as, in 3-ph, it is complicated.
6. The loss in 1-ph is maximum where as, in 3-ph, it is minimum.
7. The 1-ph efficiency is less where as, in 3-ph is high.
8. The 1-ph is inexpensive where as, the 3-ph is expensive for same capacity.
9. The 1-ph is utilized for home appliances and 3-ph is used in huge
industries.
Example: Pg. No. 25
Example: pg no.25
Example: pg no.26
Example: pg no.26
Consider three identical coils, each of resistance 10Ω and inductance 42 mH
are connected in delta to a 415V, 50 Hz, 3 phase supply. Determine the total
power dissipated.
Example: pg no.27
Example: pg no.28
Three identical coils, each having a resistance of 20 and an inductance of 0.5 H
connected to a three phase supply of 400 V; 50 Hz. Calculate the line current and the
total dissipated power (absorbed) when the three coils connected:
a) In star b) In delta
Solution
First of all calculating the impedance of the coils
Example: pg no.28…
Example - pg no.29
A balanced delta-connected load takes a phase current of 15 A at a power factor of
0.7 lagging when connected to a 115 Ω V, 50 Hz, three-phase supply. Calculate (a)
the power drawn from the supply, and (b) the resistance in each phase of the load.
Example pg no.30
Three identical coil, each of resistance 30 Ω and inductance 0.1274 H are connected in delta
to a 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply. Determine
1. Total apparent power 3. Total reactive power
2. Total active power (dissipated power) 4. Power factor
Example: pg no.31
Three identical coil, each of resistance 30 Ω and inductance 0.1274 H are connected in
star to a 380 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply. Determine:
1. Total apparent power 3. Total reactive power
2. Total active power
Example - pg no.32
A balanced load of phase impedance 100 Ω and power factor 0.8 is connected (a) in
star, and (b) in delta, to a 400 V, 3-phase supply. Calculate the power dissipation in each
case.
Example pg no.33
The star-connected stator of a three-phase, 50 Hz alternator supplies a balanced delta-
connected load. Each phase of the load consists of a coil of resistance 15 Ω and inductance
36 mH, and the phase voltage generated by the alternator is 231 V. Calculate (a) the
phase and line currents, (b) the power factor and (c) the load active power
Example – pg no.34
The figure shows a load draw a total active power of 6 kW. Calculate:
i) The total apparent power iv) The load inductance (L)
ii) The total reactive power v) The load power factor
iii) The load resistance (R)
i) VL = Vph = 500 V
Iph = IL / √3 = 17.34 / √3 = 10 A
S = 3 Vph Iph = 3 x 500 x 10 = 15000 VA
iv) Zph = Vph / Iph = 500 / 10 = 50 Ω

ii) Q = √(S2 - p2) = √(150002 - 60002)
Z2 = R2 + X2
= 13747 VAR
Xph = √(Z2 - R2) = √(502 - 202) = 45.83 Ω
iii) Pph = PT / 3 = 6000 / 3 = 2000 watts
L = X / 2πf = 45.83/ (2 x 3.14 x 50) = 0.146 H
)2
Pph = (Iph Rph
2000 = (10)2 Rph
v) Pf = R /Z = 20 / 50 = 0.4 lagging
Rph = 2000 / 100 = 20 Ω
Example: pg no.35
The figure below shows a load draw a total active power of 810 watts. Calculate:
a) The phase voltage d) The load resistance (R)
b) The total apparent power e) The load power factor
c) The load inductance (L)
IL = Iph = 3 A
a) Vph = VL / √3 = 220 / √3 = 127 V
b) S = √3 VL IL = √3 x 220 x 3 = 1143 VA
c) L = X / 2πf = 28.82 / (2 x 3.14 x 50)
Pph = PT / 3 = 810 / 3 = 270 watts
= 91.8 mH
Zph = Vph / Iph = 127 / 3 = 42.3 Ω
d) Pph = (Iph)2 Rph
270 = (3)2 Rph
Z2 = R2 + X2
Rph = 270 / 9 = 30 Ω
Xph = √(Z2 - R2) = √(42.32 - 302) = 28.82 Ω
e) Pf = R /Z = 30 / 42.3 = 0.71 lagging
Comparison of Star and Delta connection
Star (Y) Connection Delta (Δ) Connection
In STAR connection, the starting or finishing ends (Similar ends) of three In DELTA connection, the opposite ends of three coils are connected
coils are connected together to form the neutral point. A common wire is together. In other words, the end of each coil is connected with the start
taken out from the neutral point which is called Neutral. of another coil, and three wires are taken out from the coil joints
There is a Neutral or Star Point No Neutral Point in Delta Connection

Three phase four wire system is derived from Star Connections (3-
Three phase three wire system is derived from Delta Connections (3-
Phase, 4 Wires System) We may Also derived 3 Phase 3 Wire System from
Phase, 3 Wires System)
Star Connection
Line Current is Equal to Phase Current. i.e.

Line Current = Phase Current Line Current is √3 times of Phase Current. i.e. IL = √3 IPH
IL = IPH
Line Voltage is Equal to Phase Voltage. i.e.

Line Voltage = Phase Voltage
Line Voltage is √3 times of Phase Voltage. i.e. VL = √3 VPH
VL = VPH
The Total Power of three phases could be found by The Total Power of three phases could be found by
P = √3 x VL x IL x Cosϴ …. Or P = √3 x VL x IL x Cosϴ … or
P = 3 x VPH x IPH x Cosϴ P = 3 x VPH x IPH x Cosϴ
The speeds of Star connected motors are slow as they receive 1/√3 The speeds of Delta connected motors are high because each phase
voltage. gets the total of line voltage
In Star Connection, the phase voltage is low as 1/√3 of the line voltage, In Delta connection, The phase voltage is equal to the line voltage,
so, it needs low number of turns, hence, saving in copper. hence, it needs more number of turns.
Low insulation required as phase voltage is low Heavy insulation required as Phase voltage = Line Voltage.
In Power Transmission, Star Connection system is general and typical to In Power Distribution and industries, Delta Connection is general and
be used. typical to be used.
THANK YOU

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EEPW 2251

ELECTRICAL POWER TECHNOLOGY

Such a set of voltages is called a balanced set and is characterized by

• Assume that all

And the current in the neutral conductor, IN=0

• Assume that all

• Assume that all

Both Source and load can be connected in either Wye or Delta.

1. The single-phase (1-ph) power is supplying through a single conductor

iv) Zph = Vph / Iph = 500 / 10 = 50 Ω

There is a Neutral or Star Point No Neutral Point in Delta Connection

Line Current is Equal to Phase Current. i.e.

Line Voltage is Equal to Phase Voltage. i.e.

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