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    Padhle 10th - Electricity Lecture Slides

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    priyanjalnautiyal328
    1. Electricity is the flow of electric charges. Unlike charges attract while like charges repel. Charge is quantized with the fundamental unit being the coulomb. 2. An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charges. Current is measured in amperes and follows the relationships defined by Ohm's law. 3. Resistance is a material property that resists the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms and depends on factors like length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity of the material. Resistance determines how devices dissipate power as heat based on Joule's law.

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    Padhle 10th - Electricity Lecture Slides

    Uploaded by

    priyanjalnautiyal328
    89 views31 pages
    1. Electricity is the flow of electric charges. Unlike charges attract while like charges repel. Charge is quantized with the fundamental unit being the coulomb. 2. An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charges. Current is measured in amperes and follows the relationships defined by Ohm's law. 3. Resistance is a material property that resists the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms and depends on factors like length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity of the material. Resistance determines how devices dissipate power as heat based on Joule's law.

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    1. Electricity is the flow of electric charges. Unlike charges attract while like charges repel. Charge is quantized with the fundamental unit being the coulomb. 2. An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charges. Current is measured in amperes and follows the relationships defined by Ohm's law. 3. Resistance is a material property that resists the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms and depends on factors like length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity of the material. Resistance determines how devices dissipate power as heat based on Joule's law.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    89 views31 pages

    Padhle 10th - Electricity Lecture Slides

    Uploaded by

    priyanjalnautiyal328
    1. Electricity is the flow of electric charges. Unlike charges attract while like charges repel. Charge is quantized with the fundamental unit being the coulomb. 2. An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charges. Current is measured in amperes and follows the relationships defined by Ohm's law. 3. Resistance is a material property that resists the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms and depends on factors like length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity of the material. Resistance determines how devices dissipate power as heat based on Joule's law.

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    Electricity

    Digitalised Handwritten Notes


    Free Integrated QUIZ!
    Charges
    Like charges repeal each other
    Unlike charges attract each other
    Charge is quantized
    Q = ne
    Q. Calculate the number of electrons constituting one
    coulomb of charge.
    Ans 6.25*10^18
    ELECTRIC CURRENT AND CIRCUIT
    Rate of flow of electric charges is called electric current

    In an electric circuit the direction of electric current is taken as opposite


    to the direction of the flow of electrons, which are negative charges.
    ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

    Current = Charge/time
    I = Q/t
    The SI unit of current is Ampere (A)
    Potential Difference
    It is the work done in moving unit charge from
    one point to another

    V = W/Q
    SI Unit - Volt

    What is 1 Volt?
    The potential difference between two points is said to
    be 1 volt if 1 joule of work is done in moving 1 coulomb
    of electric charge from one point to another.
    Ohm's law
    Ohm's Law states that electric current flowing in a conductor is directly
    proportional to potential difference across the ends of the conductor,provided
    temperature and other physical conditions remains constant.
    I∝ V
    V=IR
    R is a constant for the given metallic wire at a given
    temperature and is called its resistance.
    (a) How much current will an electric bulb
    draw from a 220 V source, if the
    resistance of the bulb filament is
    1200 Ω?
    Ans 0.18 A.
    Resistance
    Resistance is a property of conductor due to which it resists the
    flow of electric current through it

    Resistance SI unit - ohm Ω


    What is 1 Ω ?
    1 Ohm is defined as the resistance of a conductor
    with a potential difference of 1 volt applied to
    the ends through which 1-ampere current flows.
    What factors affect
    resistance?
    (Kin Kin se pareshaan hai bechara resistance)

    Length Area
    Length (R ∝ L) Area (R ∝ 1/A)
    R ∝L
    R ∝1/A
    R ∝L/A
    R = ρ L/A
    where ρ is the Resistivity or specific natural
    resistance of a material.
    RESISTANCE V/S
    RESISTIVITY
    RESISTANCE RESISTIVITY
    Series and Parallel Resistance
    Series Resistance

    Current in series combination remains the same

    The Voltage (Potential Difference) gets distributed

    The total or equivalent resistance is sum of individual resistance


    V = V1 + V2 + V3
    V = IR

    V1 = IR1
    V2 = IR2
    V3 = IR3

    IR = IR1 + IR2 + IR3

    R = R1 + R2 + R3
    Parallel Resistance

    It is observed that the total current I, is equal to the sum of the


    separate currents through each branch of the combination.

    I = I1 + I2 + I3
    V = IR
    I = V/R
    1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
    Q. Find the current drawn from the battery
    by the network of four resistors Shown in
    the figure.
    Heating Effects of Electric Current
    Kinetic Energy (KE) gets converted
    into Potential Energy (PE)

    W=Vxq
    W=VxIxt

    On applying Ohm's Law V = IR

    H = I Rt
    2
    Joule's Law of heating
    Heat generated in a conductor is direclty
    proportional to:

    1. Square of the current flowing


    2. Resistance
    3. Time for which the current passes
    2
    H = I Rt
    Practical Applications of Heating Effect
    of Electric Current

    Iron Bulb Heater


    POWER (SHAKTI)
    Work done per unit time is called as Power
    Power = Work / time
    =W/t
    = V I t /t
    P= V I
    2
    If we take W = I Rt
    2
    P=IR
    2
    If we take W = V t / R
    2
    P=VR
    THE SI UNIT OF ELECTRIC POWER IS
    WATT (W).
    The unit ‘watt’ is very small.

    Therefore, in actual practice we use a much larger unit called ‘kilowatt’.

    It is equal to 1000 watts.

    Since electrical energy is the product of power and time, the unit of
    electric energy is, therefore, watt hour (W h).

    One watt hour is the energy consumed when 1 watt of power is used for
    1 hour.

    The commercial unit of electric energy is kilowatt hour (kW h), commonly
    known as ‘unit’.

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