METHOD, MATERIAL AND TECHNIQUES (Class10) - 1

PAINTING-
● Painting is the practice of applying paint or pigment to a solid surface.

● The medium is commonly applied to the base with a
brush,knives,sponges etc.
● The base support for painting includes surfaces such as wall, paper,
canvas,wood,glass and pottery, leaf, copper and concrete.
MEDIUM-
● “Art Medium” refers to the art materials used to create a work of
art.Basically ,it’s whatever you use to make a mark upon a surface.
DRY MEDIUM-
● The materials that do not contain any liquid such as oil or water are
called dry medium. Dry media even do not require any kind of liquid in
their application on the surface.For example
Pencil,Charcoal,Chalk,Pastels,Wax crayons etc.
WET MEDIUM-
● The materials which contain any liquid such as oil,water etc.in them
are called wet media.Wet media requires liquids such as water,oil etc
in their application. For example- water colours,poster colours,oil
colours, acrylic colours ,gouche colours etc.
PIGMENT-
● Pigment is a material in a paint or dye that gives its colour.
BINDER-
● Binder is a substance that holds the particles of pigment together in
paint.
ROLE OF PIGMENT AND BINDER IN ANY ART MEDIUM-
● Any medium of colouring and painting is made up of pigment and
binder.The materials of paintings are categorized based on the type of
pigments and binders used in them.
PENCIL-
● A pencil is an implement for writing or drawing which is constructed of
a narrow pigment core in a protective casing. Most pencils cores are
made of graphite powder mixed with a clay binder.
CLASSIFICATION OF PENCILS-
The pencil which we use in everyday life is known as HB pencil in which H
stands for hardness and B stands for blackness.For example
H,2H,3H,4H,5H and 6H have increasing quality of hardness and
lightness.Similarly 2B,4B,6B and 8B have increasing amount of blackness
and softness.
CHARCOAL-
● Artist’s charcoal is a form of dry art medium made of finely grinded
organic materials which are held together by a gum or wax binder.
USES OF CHARCOAL-
● Useful in drawing on large surfaces.
● Easy to wipe away the lines by just dusting without damaging the
paper or canvases.
● Final drawing has to be fixed with the use of fixative which is made of
resin and spirit.
● Best tool for practising sketching but not good for minute detailing.
OIL PASTELS-
● Oil pastel is a painting and drawing medium .Oil pastels consist of
pigment mixed with a non-drying oil and wax binder.The surface of an
oil pastel painting is less powdery than pastels but more difficult to
protect with a fixative.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OIL PASTEL-
● Oil pastels are considered a fast medium because they are easy to
paint and they are very convenient to carry.
● Oil pastels never dry out completely,therefore they keep on penetrating
through the paper.The art works using oil pastels should be protected
by applying a special fixative to the paper.
SUITABLE SURFACES FOR OIL PASTELS-
● Paper is a common surface used for oil pastel but this medium can be
used on other surfaces including wood,metal,hardboard or
masonite,MDF, canvas and glass.
WATER COLOURS-
● Water colour is a method in which the paints are made of pigments
soluble in water-based solution.
● Water colour paints are prepared by adding binding agents such as
glue,sugar,honey or glycerin since they are easily soluble in water.
TRANSPARENT AND LUMINOUS-
● It is a transparent and luminous medium.
● The finely ground pigment particles spread evenly on the paper to
create a smooth wash which allows the paper to show from
underneath.
● We can form delicate washes and develop deep tones by building up
many different layers of colours.
SURFACE FOR WATERCOLOURS-
● These colours give best results on the water colour paper or
handmade paper, as this paper has maximum capacity to endure
multiple washes without getting peeled off from the surface.
POSTER COLOURS-
● A poster colour is a water soluble paint consisting of a colour pigment
mixed with a binder such as glue or gum to give it a dull finish.
● Poster colours have large particles which sit on top of the paper which
makes it highly opaque, vibrant and dense but also fade in light.
● Poster colours have a smooth,matte and opaque paint quality.
● Light hues can be used over dark ones or vice-versa too therefore
mistakes can be corrected to a large extent.
TEMPERA COLOURS-
● Poster paints are also called a form of Tempera colours. Earlier
tempera colours were used in the form of egg tempera in which egg
yolk was mixed as a binder.
COLOURING AND SHADING TECHNIQUES OF PENCIL AND PASTELS-

● BLENDING-It is a technique of gently mixing two or more colours or
tones of a single colour to show gradation.It helps in giving realistic
depth or roundness in an artwork.
● STIPPLING-Stippling or dotting is a technique of drawing and painting

small spots or marks on a surface.If the number of dots are more or
dense,the shade will look dark and if the dots are lesser or lighter than
the area gets lighter tones.
● HATCHING,CROSS-HATCHING AND CONTOUR HATCHING-
Hatching is a technique used to create tonal or shading effects by
making parallel lines close to each other.
Cross- hatching is a technique in which lines can cross at an angle of
ninety degrees or can be drawn diagonally.
Contour hatching means making curved lines to describe light and
Cform of contours(lines along the boundary of the shape).
WATERCOLOR TECHNIQUES-
● WASH-It is a basic technique that builds the first layer of colour
on a large area that needs to be covered.
● WET ON DRY-This is a common technique in which diluted paint
is applied on dry paper to colour a defined shape with solid
edges.
● WET INTO WET-This is a blending technique of watercolours in
which wet colour is used on a wet paper or a wash so that the
colour spreads evenly or two colours fuse together without
forming hard edges.
● PRESERVING THE WHITES-For this you need to keep the
highlights in mind at the time of first drawing only.The areas that
are left light or white look best when left untouched with colour.
● LAYERING-Layering means building up multiple layers of the
same colour in darker tones over the previous lighter ones to
create depth and details.
POSTER COLOUR TECHNIQUES-

● BLENDING-Colours are applied in thick consistency with very little
dilution in water and blended into each other by the movement of the
brush.
● ‘DARK TO LIGHT AND LIGHT TO DARK’-Poster colours have large
particles which sit on top of the paper which makes it highly opaque,
vibrant and dense.Light hues can be used over dark ones or
vice-versa.
● DRY BRUSHING-The paint which is already in a semi-solid state is
loaded on a dry brush and different textures are created using
stippling,hatching,etc.
● THICK VISIBLE STROKES-Poster paints can give an effect of knife
with lesser paint when thick bold patches of colour are used and
strokes are left unblended.
TRANSPARENT AND OPAQUE COLOURING TECHNIQUE-

● The colouring method which allows light to pass through the layers of
painting and displays the whiteness and surface of the paper is known
as transparent colouring method.
● Water colours are the perfect example of transparent colours.
● Traditionally work is done from the lighter to the darker shade.
● For lighter colours more water is added to the colour while dark shade
is prepared by reducing the quantity of water.
● In an opaque colouring method the paint does not allow light to pass
through the layers of painting.
● For example poster colours,oil pastels,acrylic colours.
● Painting is done from darker to lighter shade.
● White is used for the lightest value of colour.

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METHOD, MATERIAL AND TECHNIQUES (Class10) - 1

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PAINTING-

● Painting is the practice of applying paint or pigment to a solid surface.

COLOURING AND SHADING TECHNIQUES OF PENCIL AND PASTELS-

● STIPPLING-Stippling or dotting is a technique of drawing and painting

POSTER COLOUR TECHNIQUES-

TRANSPARENT AND OPAQUE COLOURING TECHNIQUE-

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