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2
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3
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wecøex msMV‡bi g~j wfwËwU wK n‡e Ñ †mwU 1864 mv‡j cÖ_g AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZwôZ

4
nIqvi A‡bK Av‡MB 1847-48 mv‡j KwgDwb÷ jxM Ges KwgDwb÷ g¨vwb‡d‡÷vi g‡a¨ †NvlYv Kiv
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gv·© I G‡½jm& KZ…©K cÖwZwôZ me©nviv‡kªYxi cÖ_g wecøex msMV‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q
msMV‡bi Avewk¨K Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e †h welq¸wj mvg‡b Gj, wbb¥wjwLZfv‡e †m¸wj‡K fvM Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i t
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5
3) KwgDwb÷ ej‡Z me©nviv‡kªYxi me©v‡cÿv `„p‡PZv I me©v‡cÿv cÖMwZkxj Ask‡KB †evSvq,
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Dc‡i|
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me©nvivi GKbvqKZ¡ cÖwZôv Kiv|
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AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb-ZLb kvmK‡kÖYxi bxwZ¸‡jvi weiæ‡× wbišÍi msMÖvg cwiPvjbv I msN‡l©i
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wb‡`©kbv MÖnY bv Kivi d‡j †`‡k †`‡k wewfbœ `j GKmgq mvg¨ev`‡K Av`k© wn‡m‡e MÖnY
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gv·© I G‡½jm Zv‡`i Rxebe¨vcx msMÖv‡g me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb me©nviv‡kÖYxi
msMV‡bi cÖK…Z wecøex PwiÎ eRvq ivLvi Dci| †Kvb Avï myweav‡_© wecøex ZË¡ I bxwZ‡K
Av‡cvl Kivi †Kvb NUbv †`L‡j, Zvi weiæ‡× Zviv ZrÿYvr Zxeª mgv‡jvPbvq †mv”Pvi n‡Zb Ges
K‡VviZg fvlvq wb›`v Ki‡Zb| wek¦ me©nviv †kÖYxi wecøex Av‡›`vj‡bi c_ cÖ`k©K GB `yB gnvb
e¨w³‡Z¡i Av‡cvlnxb wecøex Pwi‡Îi eû D`vni‡Yi g‡a¨ 2/1 wUi cÖwZ jÿ¨ Ki‡jB cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿv
Avgiv †c‡q hve| 1875 mv‡j Rvg©vbx‡Z Rvg©vb IqvK©m© cvwU© wbe©vPbx myweavi w`‡K
ZvwK‡q jvmv‡jcš’x‡`i mv‡_ HK¨ Kivi Rb¨ †Mv_v BDwbwU Ks‡MÖ‡m M„nxZ Kvh©µ‡g
gvK©mev‡`i †gŠwjK ZË¡‡K wemR©b w`‡q bxwZ I Av`‡k©i cÖ‡kœ Av‡cvl K‡i| GB NUbv
gvK©m-G‡½j‡K Mfxifv‡e e¨_v †`q Ges Gi ZxeªZg wb›`v K‡i gvK©m ÔwµwUK Ae w` †Mv_v

6
†cÖvMÖvgÕ iPbvwU cÖKvk K‡ib| ïay ZvB bq, 1879 mv‡j ‡m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m Rvg©vbxi cvwU©
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cÖ‡Póv I A‡bK Avkv wb‡q †h cÖ_g AvšÍR©vwZK Zviv M‡o Zz‡j wQ‡jb, Zv‡K †kvabev`x I
myweavev`x‡`i nv‡Z †Q‡o †`qvi †P‡q †f‡½ †`qvB †kÖq|
H wPwV‡Z Zvuiv AviI e‡jbt ÒcvwU©i †bZ…©Z¡ hw` ey‡Rv©qv A_ev †gKx cÖMwZkxj‡`i
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Avi wKQ _vK‡ebv|Ó me©nvivi wecøex cvwU©i cÖK…Z A_© Kx Zv Dcjwä Kivi †ÿ‡Î Rvg©vb
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Rvg©vbxmn BD‡iv‡ci Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ‡jb| GBme `j¸wji Z_vKw_Z
mgvRZ‡š¿i PP©v ‡`‡L G‡½jm Zuvi †kl Rxe‡b AZ¨šÍ `yt‡Li m‡½ e‡jwQ‡jbt GB me cvwU©¸wji
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mgvRZš¿ GLb ey‡R©v‡`i WªBs iæ‡gi †mvdvq Av‡q‡m wekÖvgiZ|Ó (KbwWkvÝ Ad IqvwK©s
K¬vm Bb Bsj¨vÛÕ iPbvi gyLeÜ-1892)
GB me NUbv †_‡K G mZ¨ cwi¯‹vi n‡q hvq †h, gvK©mev‡`i wecøex ZË¡ I me©nvivi wecøex
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AvRI †`‡k †`‡k mg¯Í Ôms¯‹vicš’xÕ I ÔKvbybx gvK©mev`xivÕ bvbv K_vi Avov‡j †kl ch©šÍ
evY©÷vBb-Gi K_v¸wji Rvei †K‡U _v‡Kb| GB evY©÷vBb-Gi ZË¡ m¤ú©‡K †jwbb e‡jwQ‡jb,
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eZ©gvb mg‡qi †kvabev`x I bqv †kvabev`x‡`i c~e©myix Hme Ò†mŠLxb gvK©mev`xÓ‡`i PwiÎ
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Ó (AvIqvi wifwjDkb)

7
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8
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me©nvivi msMÖvg GKwU ¯^Ztù~Z© msMÖvg bqÑm‡PZbfv‡e Zv‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
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9
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10
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me©nviv ms¯‹…wZ †evSv‡Z wM‡q gvK©m e‡j‡Qb It is humanism minus private property(e¨w³
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msMÖvg cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î GKUv evav n‡q `uvwo‡q Av‡Q, †h gvbwmKZv mvgvwRK cÖ‡qvR‡bi
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mvs¯‹…wZK wecøeÑc„t 57)
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me©nviv wecøex `‡ji k„sLjv‡eva I †bZ…‡Z¡i aviYv
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11
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e¨w³ev‡`i cÖKvk|
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BD wm AvB GKgvÎ mvg¨ev`x `j)
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12
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me©nviv wecøex `‡ji Kg©aviv cÖm‡½
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ïay A_©‰bwZK ev ivR‰bwZK we‡køl‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎB bq, Rxe‡bi mg¯Í w`K e¨vß K‡i one process of
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Abyhvqx Ô`jB RxebÕ GB gvb AR©b, hv‡K Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl DbœZ K‡i e‡j‡Qb, †h ¯Í‡i
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Kivi welqwU gv·©ev`-†jwbbev` Ges Zvi †h DbœZZi Dcjw×i aviYv Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li
wPšÍvavivq cÖwZdwjZ, Zvi wfwˇZ fvjevmv I †hŠb Rxeb mn Rxe‡bi me©w`K cwie¨vß K‡i
Ø›`g~jK e¯‘ev`x cÖwµqvq wbišÍi msMÖv‡gi welq|
GB cÖms‡MB me©nviv weíex `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i †bZv I Kgx©‡`i Øvw›ØK m¤ú‡K©i Aewk¨KZvi
cÖ‡kœ Kg‡iW †Nvl e‡j‡Qb,Òg‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, KwgDwb÷ cvwU© GKwU ey‡R©vqv ev
†cwUey‡R©vqv cvwU©i gZ KZ¸wj e¨w³ I MÖæ‡ci mgwógvÎ bq| †jwjb GKwU KwgDwb÷
cvwU©‡K living organism Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr Kgy¨wbó cvwU© GKwU, mechanical
whole bv, GUv GKUv organic whole wVK †hgb gvbe †`‡n GUv GKUv monolithic organism, Gi
13
GKUv centre of nerves ev brain Av‡Q| .... brain Gi mv‡_ sense organ Ges A½cÖZ¨½¸wji .....
m¤úK©wU Ø›ØgyjK m¤ú‡K©v bxwZ Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ| GKwU Kgy¨wbó cvwU©i MVbI
GBiKg| GKwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii Kgy¨wbó cvwU©‡Z †bZvi mv‡_ i¨vsK GÛ dvB‡ji m¤úK©, †K›`ªxq
KwgwUi mv‡_ †m †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cvwU©i Ab¨vb¨ ewW¸wji m¤úK© nj, brain-Gi mv‡_ wewfbœ
A½cÖZ¨½ Ges sense organ-¸wji m¤ú‡K©i gZ|Ó
me©nviv wecøex `‡ji Kg©aviv cÖm‡½ Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkÿv nj, †bZv
I Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ Øvw›`¦K m¤úK©, A_©vr ˆ`bw›`b cÖwZwU mgm¨vi cÖ‡kœ Ø›Øg~jK msMÖvg
c×wZ me©nviv wecøex `‡ji Kg©avivq cÖv_wgK kZ©B †Kej bq MYZvwš¿K †K›`ªxKi‡Yi GKgvÎ
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m¤ú‡K©i RvqMvq hvwš¿K m¤ú‡K©i Rb¥ w`‡Z eva¨|Ó wZwb AviI ‡`w_‡q‡Qb, †bZv I Kg©x‡`i
Øvw›ØK m¤úK©wU `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i RxešÍ _vK‡jB Zvi ga¨ w`‡q Kgx©iv ‰`bw›`b Rxe‡bi AwZ
mvaviY LuywUbvwU mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mwVK DcvqwU Rvb‡Z cv‡i; Zviv wkL‡Z cv‡i wK K‡i
wb‡R‡`i Kg©c×wZ Av‡jvPbv c×wZ, m~ÿè wePv‡ii we‡kølYx ÿgZv I wPšÍvc×wZ‡K ‡K DbœZ
Ki‡Z nq; mgv‡jvPbv-Av‡jvPbv‡K wKfv‡e D‡Ïk¨gyLx Ki‡Z nq; kÖgxK‡kªYxi `„wóf½x,
hyw³aviv I `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †Kvb we‡kl NUbv‡K mwVKfv‡e wePvi-we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq Ges
mv‡_ mv‡_ wKfv‡e hyw³ev`x gb I hyw³ Kivi ÿgZv‡K DbœZ Ki‡Z nq| `‡ji †bZv I Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨
K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g wbišÍi GB Avjvc Av‡jvPbv I msMÖvg `jxq msMV‡bi g‡a¨ AvgjvZš¿ ev
Kv‡Ri AvgjvZvwš¿K c×wZ Rb¥ †bIqvi c‡_ evav wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
Kg‡iW †Nvl `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i †bZv I Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© Ges AvšÍ©RvwZK †ÿ‡ÎI †bZ…
Z¡Kvix `j I åvZ…cÖwZg Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji g‡a¨ m¤úK© Ñ Dfq‡ÿ‡ÎB hvwš¿K wPšÍvc×wZ I hvwš¿K
AvbyM‡Z¨i wec¾bK w`KwUi cÖwZ evievi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Qb|
eûKvj Av‡M 1948mv‡j Kg‡iW wkev`m †NvlB cÖ_g e‡jwQ‡jb †h, AvšÍR©vwZKZvev‡`i cÖwZ
AvbyM‡Z¨i bv‡g hv Pj‡Q, Zv Avm‡j †mvwf‡qU ˆe‡`wkK bxwZi cÖwZ AÜ mg_©b Ges †bZ…
Z¡Kvix `j wn‡m‡e wmwcGmBDi cÖwZ hvwš¿K AvbyMZ¨ Qvov wKQz bq| wZwb †`Lvb †h, Gi
mv‡_ Øvw›ØK m¤ú‡K©i †Kvb m¤^Ü †bB Ges GB aviv AvšÍR©vwZK kªwgK Av‡›`vj‡bi weivU
ÿwZ Ki‡e|
Kg‡iW †Nvl Avgv‡`i GB wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb †h, mwZ¨Kv‡ii AvšÍR©vwZKZv‡ev‡ai mv‡_ DMÖ
RvZxqZvev`gy³ †`k‡cÖ‡gi †Kvb we‡iva †Zv †bB-B, eis Zv G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK Ges GB
AvšÍR©vwZKZvev`B wek¦ me©nviv Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨| mvg¨ev`x Av‡›`vj‡b †h
AvšÍR©vwZKZvev`x `„wóf½x I PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨wU ïiæ †_‡KB gvK©m †`wL‡qwQ‡jb, Kg‡iW
wke`vm †Nv‡li GB wkÿvwUi g‡a¨ ZviB avivevwnKZv I mwVK ms‡hvwRZ iƒcwU cÖwZdwjZ
n‡q‡Q| me©nvi wecøe hw`I GKwU RvZxq MwÛi g‡a¨B msNwUZ n‡”Q, Z_vwc G‡K Aek¨B wek¦
wecø‡ei Ask wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z n‡e Ges Zxeª Av`k©MZ-ivR‰bwZK-mvs¯‹…wZK msMÖvg
cwiPvjbv Øviv RvZxq gvbwmKZvi †_‡K wecøex Av‡›`vjb‡K gy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb †h Avvg‡`i †`‡k wm wc AvB, wm wc AvB (Gg), wm wc AvB
(Gg Gj) I Ab¨vb¨ `j¸wj hviv gv·©ev‡`i bv‡g kc_ wb‡q Ges nq‡Zv A‡bK AvšÍwiKZv wb‡qB
wecøex me©nvivi `j M‡o †Zvjvi †Póv K‡iI †h e¨_© n‡q‡Q Zvi g~j KviY nj, `j MV‡bi ˆeÁvwbK

14
cÖwµqv‡K Giv †KDB AbymiY K‡iwb Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ Rxe‡bi me©‡ÿ‡Î gv·©ev`-†jwbbev‡`i
wkÿv¸wj‡K cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ø›`g~jK e¯‘ev`x cÖwµqvi wfwˇZ `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i iæwP-ms¯‹…wZ I
bxwZ-ˆbwZKZvi gvbwU‡K µgvMZ DbœZ Kivi msMÖvg‡K Giv Gwo‡q †M‡Q| d‡j, Zuv‡`i jÿ¨ I
D‡Ïk¨ †Kej mw`”Qv wnmv‡eB †_‡K †M‡Q Ges †kvabev`-myweavev‡`i MnŸ‡i wbgw¾Z n‡q‡Q|
Ø›`g~jK wPšÍvc×wZi cwie‡Z© hvwš¿K wPšÍvc×wZ Ges AÜ AvbyM‡Z¨i PP©v Gme `j¸wji `jxq
Kg©aviv‡K cy‡ivcywi MÖvm K‡i‡Q|
me©nviv MYZš¿ I ey‡R©vqv MYZš¿ GK bq
Kg‡iW gvI †m-Zzs cieZ©xKv‡j (1966) GKwU Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔÔMYZš¿ Qvov
Avgiv cÖK…Z †K›`ªxKZv †c‡Z cvwi bv| KviY, wPšÍvMZ I gZvg‡Zi wfbœZvi Dci `uvwo‡q -
GKwU HK¨eÜ mg-`„wóf½x I mg-Dcjw×i Abycw¯’wZ‡Z †K›`ªxKZv cÖwZôv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv|
†K›`ªxKZv ej‡Z Avgiv wK eywS? me©cÖ_g mwVK g‡Zi †K›`ªxKZv| Zvi wfwˇZB Avgiv GK
aviYv, GK bxwZ, GK cwiKíbv, GK wb‡`©k Ges Kv‡Ri GKZv, A_©vr †K›`ªxq HK¨e×Zvi w`‡K
AMÖmi nB|ÕÕ (Without democracy it is impossible to have the right sort of centralism. This is
beacause centralism can not be established on the basis of confution of views. In the absence of a
unified common understanding what do we mean by centralism? First of all, centralism of correct
views. On the basis of that we proceed to unified understanding unified policy, unified plane,
unified command and unified action i.e. centralism unification) .
gvI †m-Zzs hw`I ÔMYZš¿Õ welqwU e¨vL¨v K‡ibwb, ZeyI Zvi e³‡e¨ h‡_÷ Bw½Z i‡q‡Q †h,
ÔmwVK gZÕ M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ wZwb †bZv I Kg©x‡`i cvi¯úwiK gZwewbg‡qi Dci †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb
Ñ GKgvÎ †h Ô mwVK gZÕ-Gi wfwˇZB `‡j †K›`ªxKZv Avm‡Z cv‡i; A_©vr, ÔDcjw×i GKZvÕ,
Ôwb‡`©‡ki GKZvÕ Ges ÔKv‡Ri GKZvÕ Avm‡Z cv‡i| ejv evûj¨ †h, G †ÿ‡Î gvI †m-Zzs `‡ji
Af¨šÍ‡i mwVK wecøex jvB‡bi msMÖv‡gi w`KwUB Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, hvi mv‡_ ey‡R©vqv A‡_©
MYZ‡š¿i †Kvb m¤úK© †bB|
me©nviv wecøex `‡j me©nviv MYZ‡š¿i PwiÎ Ges ey‡R©vqv MYZ‡š¿i mv‡_ Zvi †gŠwjK
cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K© Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl GKwU Ac~e© we‡kølY Zz‡j a‡i‡Qbt ÔÔg‡b ivL‡Z n‡e
†kÖYxwef³ mgv‡R MYZ‡š¿i aviYvI `y ai‡Yi| GKUv n‡”Q ey‡R©vqv MYZš¿ - hv e¨w³MZ
gvwjKvbv, Drcv`‡bi Dci e¨w³MZ AwaKvi Ges ey‡R©vqv RxebhvÎv, A_©vr e¨w³ev`‡K
cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q| Avi GKUv n‡”Q me©nviv MYZš¿ - hv †hŠ_ gvwjKvbv, Drcv`b Ges e›U‡bi
Dci †hŠ_ KZ…©Z¡ Ges me©nviv RxebhvÎv, A_©vr †hŠ_ RxebhvÎv c×wZ‡K cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡Q|
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†hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡klxK…Z iƒcwUi Rb¥ w`‡Z cviv
GKwU me©nviv wecøex `‡ji Pwi‡Îi cixÿv

GLb, Avgiv †K›`ªxKZvi Aci w`K, A_©vr, mvsMVwbK †K›`ªxKZv - †hwUI MYZvwš¿K
†K›`ªxKi‡Yi cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡qB M‡o I‡V - †m w`KwUi cÖwZ `„wó †`e|
me©nviv `‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡i iƒc wnmv‡e Ô†hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡Õi aviYvwU mvg¨ev`x Av‡›`vj‡b mK‡ji
ØvivB ¯^xK…Z| wKš‘ GB Ô‡hŠ_ †bZ„‡Z¡Õi cÖK…Z A_© wecøex‡`i I †kvabev`x‡`i Kv‡Q GK
bq| †kvabev`xiv me mgq GB ‡hŠ_ †bZ„‡Z¡i aviYv‡K ey‡R©vqv MYZ‡š¿i aviYvi wfwˇZ
msL¨vMwiô-msL¨vjwN‡ôi bxwZi gvcKvwV‡Z e¨L¨v K‡i‡Q Ñ †hb wecøex me©nviv‡kÖYxi
AMÖYxevwnbx GKwU K¬ve ev mvgvwRK msMVb A_ev †Kvb GKwU ey‡R©vqv ivR‰bwZK
msMVb| wKš‘ †kvabev`xiv Ab¨ †Kvb `„wófw½ I aviYv MÖnY Ki‡Z ivRx bq; KviY msMV‡bi

15
GKgvÎ wfwË wnmv‡e Zviv ey‡R©vqv MYZš¿ A_ev Zvi msL¨vMwiô-msL¨vjwN‡ôi bxwZ wfbœ
Ab¨ wKQz fve‡Z cv‡i bv|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GB †kvabev`x wPšÍvavivi weiæ‡× msMÖvg K‡iB †jwbb ej‡kwfK cvwU©‡K
wecøex cvwU© wnmv‡e M‡o †Zv‡jb| msMÖv‡gi GB cÖwµqv‡ZB †kvabev`x wPšÍvavivi weiæ‡×
Zxeª KlvNvZ K‡i †jwbb †`Lvb †h, Ô`‡ji mKj m`‡m¨i †hŠ_ÁvbB n‡”Q †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡|Õ GB
†hŠ_Ávb ej‡Z †jwbb wbðqB mKj m`‡m¨i Áv‡bi †hvMdj †ev‡Sbwb| wZwb hv †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb,
Zvnj, ïaygvÎ ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK wel‡qB bq, Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© cvwU©i
mg¯Í m‡f¨i Ávb I AwfÁZvi Ø›Ø-mgš^‡qi ga¨ w`‡q †h †hŠ_ Ávb M‡o I‡V, †mB †hŠ_ Áv‡bi
we‡klxK…Z cÖKvk n‡”Q †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡| KviY, †hŠ_ ÁvbI GKUv abstract welq bq, †Zgwb †hŠ_
†bZ…‡Z¡i aviYvI abstract n‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv memgqB we‡kl| ZvB †jwbb my®úófvlvq e‡j‡Qb,
ÔÔBwZnv‡m Ggb GKwU †kÖYxI Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv, †h †kÖYx Av‡›`vjb msMwVZ Kiv I
Zvi †bZ„Z¡ †`Iqvi Dc‡hvMx †bZv I wewkó cÖwZwbwa‡`i Rb¥ bv w`‡q ÿgZv KivqZ¡ Ki‡Z
†c‡i‡Q|ÕÕ (wbe©vwPZ iPbvejx, 2q LÛ)
†jwbb †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, mg¯Í mwZ¨Kv‡ii Kgy¨wbó cvwU©iB †bZ…Z¡ n‡”Q †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡ Ges
HwZnvwmKfv‡e me©nviv †kªYxi wPšÍv †_‡KB GB †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i aviYvi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q|
BwZnv‡mi MwZc_ we‡kølY K‡i Ges †jwb‡bi GB wkÿv‡K AviI m¤úªmvwiZ K‡i Kg‡iW wke`vm
†Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, Òey‡Rv©qv wecøe †h‡nZz Drcv`‡bi Dci e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ
Drcvw`Kv kw³, Drcv`b c×wZ I Drcv`‡bi wecøevZ¥K cwieZ©b Ges GK A‡_© e¨w³i weKvk I
AwaKvi cÖwZôvi wecøe, †mB‡nZz ey‡R©vqv MYZ‡š¿, Zv hZ Av`k©¯’vbxq I MYZvwš¿K
d‡g©iB †nvK bv †Kb, †mLv‡b MYZvwš¿K d‡g©i ga¨ w`‡q Avm‡j e¨w³‡bZ…Z¡B KvR K‡i
_v‡K| .....Ab¨w`‡K mgvRZvwš¿K wecøe †h‡nZz e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvi cwie‡Z© mvgvwRK
gvwjKvbv Ges kÖwgK‡kÖYxi †bZ…‡Z¡ Drcv`‡bi Ici †hŠ_ KZ„©Z¡ cÖwZôvi wecøe, †mB‡nZz
kÖwgK‡kªYxi MYZ‡š¿ †bZ…‡Z¡i aviYv n‡”Q †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i aviYv|ÕÕ (H)
GLb †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z cÖK…Z A‡_© wK †evSvq? G m¤ú‡K© Kg‡iW †Nv‡li wPšÍvi Av‡jv‡K
ÔMY`vexÕi 1973 mv‡ji 9Ryb msL¨vq Avgiv †`wL‡qwQjvg, ÔÔGK_v Aek¨B †evSv DwPZ †h,
cÖavb cÖavb mgm¨v¸wj wb‡q cvwU© ewW‡Z Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡bv gv‡bB
`‡j †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZôv n‡q‡Q †evSvq bv| KviY, GKwU ey‡R©vqv ev †cwUey‡R©vqv `‡jI
GBfv‡e cÖavb mgm¨v¸wj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡iB wm×všÍ nq, wKš‘ Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb gv·©ev`x-
†jwbbev`x GK_v e‡j bv †h, GKwU ey‡R©vqv ev †cwUey‡R©vq `‡jI †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡ KvR K‡i,
†h‡nZz GBme wm×všÍ Avm‡j Lye †ekx n‡j KwgwU wm×všÍ Qvov Avi wKQz bq| `‡ji mg¯Í m‡f¨i
†hŠ_ Áv‡bi iƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ mvgvwRK m‡PZbZvB nj †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡ (Social consciousness in he
form of collective knowledge of all the members of the party is collective leadership) Avevi †hŠ_
†bZ…‡Z¡i GB aviYv KL‡bv weg~Z© (abstract) n‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv memgqB g~Z© (concrete) |
A_©vr, `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i wPšÍv-fvebvi `›Ø-mgš^‡qi ga¨ w`‡q mgvR I Rxe‡bi me©w`K e¨vß K‡i †h
†hŠ_Ávb M‡o I‡V - †mB †hŠ_Ávb‡K `‡ji †h †bZv me©‡kÖôiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki‡Z mÿg - Zuvi ga¨
w`‡q †mB †hŠ_Áv‡bi we‡klxK…Z I g~Z© cÖKvk NU‡eB| Zvn‡j †Kvb gv·©ev`x `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i
†hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i Af¨Ìvb N‡U‡Q, G K_vi gv‡b nj ÔÔ`‡ji mg¯Í †bZv, Kg©x, i¨vsK G¨vÛ dvBj,
kªwgK‡kÖYx I Rbmvavi‡Yi mw¤§wjZ msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q †h †hŠ_Ávb M‡o I‡V `‡ji m‡e©v”P
KwgwUi †Kvb GKRb †bZvi ga¨ w`‡q †mB †hŠ_Áv‡bi me©‡kÖôiƒ‡c e¨w³KiY N‡U‡Q|ÕÕ †Kvb
`‡j hw` †hŠ_Áv‡bi GB e¨w³KiY I we‡klxK…Z iƒ‡ci cÖKvk bv N‡U, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e, †mB `‡j
†hŠ_ †bZ„‡Z¡i Afz¨Ìvb N‡Uwb| e¯‘Zt GBfv‡e `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i †bZv I Kg©x‡`i Ges evB‡i
kÖwgK‡kÖYx I RbmvaviY‡K RwoZ K‡i msMÖvg cwiPvjbvi ga¨ w`‡q †hŠ_Áv‡bi GB e¨w³KiY I
16
we‡klxK…Ziƒ‡ci Awfe¨w³ NUv‡bvi msMÖvgB nj GKwU Kgy¨wbó cvwU© M‡o †Zvjvi
mwZ¨Kv‡ii msMÖvg| †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i GB we‡klxK…Z iƒc †`Lv w`‡jB `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i MYZvwš¿K
cÖwµqvq me©nviv MYZ‡š¿i bxwZ¸wj Pvjy Kivi ev¯Íe Ae¯’v m„wó n‡q‡Q e‡j eyS‡Z n‡e|
Ab¨_vq me©nviv MYZ‡š¿i bv‡g Ges †hŠ_ †bZ„‡Z¡i bv‡g `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i ev¯Í‡e Ôdg©vj
†W‡gv‡µwmÕ Ges ey‡R©vqv MYZvwš¿K ixwZbxwZ¸‡jvB Kvh©Zt Pvjy _v‡K| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ,
GBfv‡e †hŠ_‡bZ…‡Z¡i e¨w³KiY I we‡klxK…Ziƒ‡c Afz¨Ìvb †Kvb †`‡k wecøe‡K mdj Kivi
GKwU Acwinvh© c~e©kZ©| Avi, GB †bZv‡KB ejv nq, ÔÔ`‡ji wPšÍvbvqK, †bZv, wkÿK I
c_cÖ`k©K| GB †bZv wewfbœ †bZvi g‡a¨ Pzw³i Øviv ev Zv‡`i g‡a¨ compromise (Avcm) - Gi iƒ‡c
ev adjust (‡RvovZvwj) K‡i wVK nq bv| GB †bZv cvwU©i Af¨šÍ‡i †hŠ_ I m‡PZb msMÖvg,
A_©vr, †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i ev¯ÍexK…Z I we‡klxK…Z aviYv M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q Rb¥
†bq|ÕÕ
BwZnv‡mi mywbw`ó AwfÁZv¸wj Zz‡j a‡i †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡klxK…Z I g~Z© iƒcwUi
Acwinvh©Zv cÖm‡½ Kg‡iW †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb, GUv wVK †h, ÔÔGKUv mgwóMZ †bZ…
Z¡ _v‡K, wKš‘ Zvi Ic‡i msMÖv‡gi H‡K¨i cÖZxK wnmv‡e GKRb †bZvi Afz¨Ìvb N‡U| †h †`‡k
hLbB wecøe msMwVZ n‡q‡Q, †m †`‡kB wecøe cwiPvjbv I msMV‡bi ev¯Íe cÖ‡qvR‡b GUv M‡o
D‡V‡Q| Zv bv n‡j wecøe cwiPvjbvi mg‡q †bZ…‡Z¡i g‡a¨ HK¨ iÿv Kiv hvq bv| KviY, Zv‡Z
Ô‡mÝ Ad A_wiwUÕ (†bZ„Z¡ m¤ú‡K© aviYv) wVKgZ KvR K‡i bv|ÔAvjUªv-‡W‡gv‡µwmÕ
(DMÖ MYZš¿)-Gi †SuvK †`Lv †`q|ÕÕ (Px‡bi mvs¯‹…wZK wecøe)
ˆbivR¨ev`x wPšÍvi †SuvK †_‡KB DMÖ MYZ‡š¿i cÖe³viv A‡bK mgq cvwU©i †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i
we‡klxK…Z iƒcwU‡K e¨w³ †bZ…Z¡ e‡j †`Lvevi †Póv K‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡kI Ggb wPšÍvavivi
cÖe³v‡`i Afve †bB| Avm‡j Giv - Kg‡iW †Nv‡li fvlvq - ey‡S A_ev bv ey‡S †bZ…Z¡ msµvšÍ
aviYv‡K e¨w³ev` ev ¸iæev` Gi mv‡_ ¸wj‡q †d‡j| mgwóMZ Kv‡Ri ‡ÿ‡Î †KvbiKg †bZ…‡Z¡i
aviYv‡K A¯^xKvi Kivi GB ˆbivR¨ev`x wPšÍvi cÖwZwbwa ivwkqvi evKzwbb Gi weiæ‡× GK
†hvM¨ Rev‡e G‡½jm& iwmKZv K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb ÔÔGgbwK GB †bZ…Z¡ hw` †¯^”QvAv‡ivwcZ
nq, ZeyI Zv _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv, †h‡nZz Zv †bZ…Z¡|ÕÕ (Even if this authority is voluntarily
bestowed, it must cease, because it is authority) w_IWi †K‡bvÕi cÖwZ wPwV, 24 Rvby 1872|

ÔA_wiwUÕ msµvšÍ gv·©ev`x aviYvi mv‡_ ¸iæev‡`i †Kvb wgj †bB

GK_v mK‡jB ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h, †jwb‡bi mgq ej‡kwfK cvwU© †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¥ w`‡Z Ges
AviI mwVKfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i GKwU cÖK…Z Av`k© D`vniY Zz‡j ai‡Z †c‡iwQj|
wKš‘ †jwbb ‡h‡nZz e‡j‡Qb, ÔÔ`‡ji mKj m‡f¨i †hŠ_ ÁvbB n‡”Q †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡ÕÕ Ñ †m‡nZz
wK G K_v ejv hvq †h, †jwbb bq, ej‡kwfK cvwU©i mKj m‡f¨i †hŠ_ ÁvbB wQj `‡ji †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡|
G `ywU wK ci¯úi we‡ivax? †hgb gv·© I †jwbb cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GKRb e¨w³ wQ‡jb; wKš‘ Avgiv hLb
gv·©ev`-†jwbbev` ewj, ZLb Zvi gv‡b wK Avgiv e¨w³ev‡`i PP©v Kwi? gv‡·©i g„Zz¨i w`b (14
gvP© 1883) evY©÷vBb‡K †jLv GK wPwV‡Z G‡½jm& e‡jb t ÔÔ†Kej GKwU `„wóB mgvwnZ
n‡e| GwU Ggb GKwU `„wó, Avgiv Ab¨iv hvi AwaKvix bB| (Only one vision will be buried. It was
something of which we others are not capable)| Z‡e wK ej‡Z n‡e GB K_vi Øviv G‡½j&mI
e¨w³ev‡`i PP©v K‡i‡Qb? Zv KLbB ejv hvq bv| G wel‡q †Kvb m‡›`n †bB †h, Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK
GKRb e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ gv‡·©i wPšÍv ev †jwb‡bi wPšÍv wbQK gv·© ev †jwb‡bi e¨w³MZ wPšÍv
bq- Zv nj mvgvwRK wPšÍvi m‡e©vËg e¨w³MZ cÖKvk, hv‡KB †hŠ_ †bZ…Z¡ ejv nq|
17
G cÖm‡½ †jwbb m¤ú‡K© ÷¨vwj‡bi GKwU Dw³ cÖwbavb‡hvM¨| ÷¨vwjb Zuvi GKwU weL¨vZ
eB‡Z e‡j‡Qb t ÔÔAvwg hLbB `‡ji Ab¨vb¨ †bZv‡`i mv‡_ Zuvi (†jwbb) Zzjbv K‡iwQ, ZLbB g‡b
n‡q‡Q mg¯Í mnKg©x‡`i †_‡K wZwb wQ‡jb A‡bK D‡×©| †jwbb A‡bK †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb
†bZv gvÎ wQ‡jb bv| wZwb wQ‡jb `‡ji m‡e©vËg ch©v‡qi †bZv|ÕÕ †jwbb m¤ú‡K© ÷¨vwj‡bi GB
g~j¨vq‡bi A_© wK e¨w³ †bZ…Z¡? bv, Gi A_© n‡”Q, †jwbb wQ‡jb mKj †bZvi †bZv| Px‡bi
Kgy¨wbó cvwU©‡Z gvI †mZzs `‡ji †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i e¨w³K…Z I we‡klxK…Z cÖKvk Ges `‡ji
†bZv, wkÿK I c_cÖ`k©Kiƒ‡c we‡ewPZ n‡Zb| Px‡bi Kgy¨wbó cvwU©i 6ô †K›`ªxq KwgwUi
m¤úªmvwiZ mßg †cøbvix Awa‡ek‡b (20 GwcÖj, 1945) ej nq Ñ `‡ji cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i Ges †K›`ªxq
KwgwU‡Z gvI Gi †bZ„Z¡ cÖwZôv `‡ji ÔÔm‡e©vËg mvdj¨Ó Ges ÔÔPx‡bi Rbmvavi‡Yi
¯^vaxbZvi wbwðZZg M¨vivw›U|ÕÕ Abyiƒcfv‡e wf‡qZbv‡gi Kgy¨wbó cvwU©‡Z †nv-wP-wgb
wQ‡jb mg¯Í †bZvi †bZv| cÖwZwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii Kgy¨wbó cvwU©‡Z †bZ…‡Z¡i aviYv n‡”Q GB
iKg| wKš‘ †h‡nZz †jwbb, ÷¨vwjb, gvI †m-Zzs, †nv-wP-wgb Guiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKRb e¨w³
wQ‡jb, †mBRb¨ GBme cvwU©¸wj e¨w³‡bZ…‡Z¡ wek¦vmx Ñ GK_v †Kvb cÖK…Z gv·©ev`x-
†jwbbev`x ej‡Z cv‡ib bv| me©nviv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm †`wL‡q‡Q †h †bZ…‡Z¡i aviYv Ges
†hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡klxK…Z I e¨w³iƒc‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡j Zv `‡ji g‡a¨ mgvšÍivj †bZ…Z¡ I MÖæ‡ci
Rb¥ †`‡e Ges †kl ch©šÍ `j‡K GKwU †cwUey‡R©vqv †kvabev`x `‡j cwiYZ Ki‡e|
Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i GB we‡klxK…Z iƒcwU m¤ú‡K© †kvabev`xiv Lye
†mvi‡Mvj Zz‡j _v‡K Ges Av`‡Z me©nvivi wecøex Av‡›`vjb‡K †bZ…Z¡nxb K‡i †`Iqvi D‡Ï‡k¨
†hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡klxK…Z I e¨w³iƒc‡K ¸ivev` e‡j †`Lv‡bvi †Póv K‡i| µz‡ðf I Zvi †iwb‡MW
P‡µi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvaywbK †kvabev`xiv ÷¨vwj‡bi g„Zz¨i ci †mvwf‡qU Kgy¨wbó cvwU©i †bZ…
Z¡ `Lj K‡i Gs ÷¨vwj‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ †mvwf‡qU cvwU© Ô¸iæev‡`i Là‡o c‡owQjÕ Ñ GB Awf‡hvM
Zz‡j Ô¸iæev`Õ-Gi weiæ‡× msMÖvg Kivi ARynv‡Z wecøex cvwU© msµvšÍ †jwbbxq bxwZ I
aviYvi weiæ‡× Zxeª AvµgY Pvjvq| e¯‘Zt cvwU© ivóª I wecøe m¤ú‡K© †h †cwU-ey‡R©vqv a¨vb-
aviYvi weiæ‡× †jwbb mviv Rxebe¨vcx msMÖvg K‡iwQ‡jb µz‡ð‡fi †bZ…‡Z¡ bqv-‡kvabev`x Pµ
†mB †cwU-ey‡R©vqv aviYviB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib| ejv evûj¨ †h, GB bqv †kvabev`x wPšÍv wek¦-
mvg¨ev`x Av‡›`vj‡b weivU wec` wnmv‡e †`Lv †`q|
GB †kvabev`x Avµg‡Yi weiæ‡× wecøex cvwU© msµvšÍ gv·©ev`x-‡jwbbev`x ˆeÁvwbK bxwZ I
aviYv‡K iÿv Kivi HwZnvwmK `vwqZ¡wU Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl‡KB cvjb Ki‡Z nq| GB cÖm‡½
Zuvi iPbv ÔAb †÷cm †U‡Kb evB wm wc Gm BD (we) G‡Mb÷ ÷¨vwjbÓ kxl©K iPbv (1jv gvP©
1962) AvšÍR©vwZK mvg¨ev`x Av‡›`vj‡b AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wQj| GB iPbvwU‡Z Kg‡iW †Nvl
e¨vL¨v K‡i †`Lvb †h A_wiwU ev †bZ…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Ø›Øg~jK e¯‘ev`x aviYvi mv‡_ ¸iæev‡`i
†Kvb wgj †bB| ¸iæev` A_wiwU‡K AåvšÍ e‡j g‡b K‡i, Zvi mv‡_ †Kvb ؛؇K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges
Zv‡K AÜfv‡e †g‡b Pjvi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K A_wiwU m¤ú‡K© gv·ev`x wPšÍv GB
؛؇K A¯^xKvi †Zv K‡iB bv eis Zvi mv‡_ wbišÍi msMÖvg cwiPvjbvB n‡”Q Gi c~e© kZ©, †h
msMÖv‡gi Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q A_wiwUi mv‡_ HK¨mvab Ges A_wiwU‡K kw³kvjx Kiv| A_wiwU
m¤ú‡K© GB gv·©ev`x aviYv‡K A¯^xKvi Kivi A_© nj, gv·©ev`‡KB cwiZ¨vM Kivi ms‡kvabev`x
†SuvK| KviY, †mÝ Ad&& A_wiwU ev †bZ„‡Z¡i aviYv hw` bv _v‡K Z‡e gv·©ev` mg¯ÍiKg
ey‡R©vqv-‡cwU-ey‡R©vqv weK…wZ I wePz¨wZi Là‡o co‡Z eva¨|Ó

kÖwgK‡kÖYxi †bZ…Z¡ M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡j †bZv‡`i kÖwgK

cwievi †_‡K Avm‡Z n‡e Ñ G aviYv åvšÍ

18
me©nviv wecøex `‡ji †bZ…Z¡ msµvšÍ aviYvi Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ Avi GKwU w`K Av‡jvwPZ nIqv
`iKvi| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wm wc AvB, wm wc AvB (Gg) cÖgyL Kgy¨wbó bvgavix `j¸wji ev¯Í‡e
ms‡kvabev`x †mv¨m¨vj †W‡gvµ¨vwUK PwiÎ I f~wgKv †`‡L A‡bK‡i g‡a¨ Ggb aviYv Av‡Q †h,
GBme `‡ji †bZviv †cwU-ey‡R©vqv cwievi †_‡K G‡m‡Qb e‡jB cvwU© †bZ…Z¡ GiKg n‡q‡Q|
GB åvšÍ aviYvwU cÖm‡½ Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, Ò... †bZviv kÖwgK †kÖYxi
cwievi †_‡K G‡jB †hb mwVK Kgy¨wbó †bZ…Z¡ M‡o Zzj‡Z cvi‡Zb, GiKg GKUv fzj aviYv
A‡b‡K †cvlY K‡i _v‡Kb| wKš‘ GUv hw` mZ¨ nZ Zvn‡j gv·©, G‡½jm, †jwbb, gvI †mZzs G‡`Ii
Kv‡iviB Kgy¨wbó nevi Dcvq wQj bv| KviY Giv mK‡jB †cwU-ey‡R©vqv cwievi †_‡K G‡m‡Qb|
GB aviYv mZ¨ n‡j Bsj¨v‡Ûi †jevi cvwU©B mwZ¨Kv‡ii Kgy¨wbó cvwU© n‡Z cviZ| KviY GB
cvwU©i †bZviv mK‡jB kÖwgK cwievi †_‡K G‡m‡Qb Ges †Mvov‡Z GB cvwU©i †bZviv
wb‡R‡`i cy‡ivcywi gv·©ev`x e‡jB †NvlYv Ki‡Zb| A_P, GB cvwU© m¤^‡Ü Avgv‡`i AwfÁZv
wK? Bsj¨v‡Ûi GB †jevi cvwU© †mLvbKvi GK‡PwUqv cyuwRi wbj©¾ `vjvjx Ki‡Q| ... GgbwK
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki ej‡kwfK cvwU©, hvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ AvR Avi †bB ej‡jB P‡j, Zvi †Mvovi K_v wK wQj,
hv wb‡q GK mg‡q cÖPzi kÖwgK‡K Zviv †U‡bwQj? Zviv ej‡Zb evey‡`i w`‡q kÖwgK‡kÖYxi `j
n‡e bv| ‡cÖv‡jUvwi‡qU‡`i wb‡q cvwU© MV‡bi †Póv G‡`‡k nqwb, ZvB mwZ¨Kv‡ii Kgy¨wbó
cvwU© G‡`‡k M‡o I‡Vwb| †jwbb e‡j wM‡q‡Qb, †cÖv‡jUvwiqvb cvwU©‡Z †K›`ªxq KwgwU
†_‡K ïiæ K‡i mg¯Í KwgwU‡Z †g¤^viwk‡ci kZKiv lvU fvM Avm‡e kÖwgK‡kÖYxi cwievi †_‡K|
hw` Zv bv Av‡m, Zvn‡j Zvi M¨vivw›U †bB| d‡j kÖwgK‡kÖYx †_‡K Avmv Kg‡iW‡`i †bZ…
‡Z¡ G‡`‡k mwZ¨Kv‡ii Kgy¨wUó cvwU©i Rb¥ w`‡Z n‡e|

†jwbb GKUv cvwU©‡K †kÖYxMZ wfwËi w`‡K †_‡K cvKv‡cv³ Kivi Av`‡k©i w`K †_‡K Dc‡iv³
K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| hw` †Kvb cvwU©‡Z Ggb Ae¯’v nq, Zvn‡j fvj| wKš‘ †jwbb ev¯Íeev`x wQ‡jb| ZvB
†jwbb GKB mv‡_ backward country †Z (cðvrc` †`k ¸wj‡Z) kÖwgK‡kÖYxi †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœ
declassed intelligentsia-i (†kÖYxPz¨Z eyw×Rxexi) ZË¡wUI Lvov K‡iwQ‡jb| Giv †jwb‡bi GB
ZË¡wU m¤ú‡K© †Kvb ¸iæZ¡B †`bwb| ev¯Í‡eI Avgiv †jwb‡bi wb‡Ri cvwU© †h cvwU© ivwkqvi
me©nviv µvwšÍ mdj K‡iwQj, Zvi Ae¯’v wK †`L‡Z cvB? Px‡bi cvwU©i Ae¯’v wK? GBme
cvwU©‡Z †bZv I Kg©xiv †ewkifvMB †cwUey‡R©vqv cwievi †_‡K G‡m‡Qb| KviY GB mg¯Í
cðvrc` †`k¸wj‡Z mvgvwRK Ae¯’v, wkÿv, cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Yi Rb¨ ¯^fveZtB †ekxifvM cvwU©
Kg©xiv Avm‡e MÖvgxY Ges kn‡ii eyw×Rxex wb¤œga¨weË †cwUey‡R©vqv cwievi †_‡K Ges
GB Rb¨B cvwU©i †kªYxPwi‡Îi M¨vivw›U M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ declassed prolctarian revolutionary
wnmv‡e M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖvgwU cvwU© MV‡bi cÖ‡kœ GBme †`‡k AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© msMÖvg|
Av‡gwiKv, Bsj¨vÛ Ges d«v‡Ýi gZ wk‡ívbœZ †`k¸wj‡Z ei GKwU wecøex cvwU© M‡o Zzj‡Z
†M‡j cÖ_‡gv³ m¤¢vebvi GKUv ev¯Íe wfwË Av‡Q| wKš‘ cðvrc` †`k¸wj‡Z Gi ev¯Íe w¯’wZB †bB|
†jwb‡bi cÖ_‡gv³ Dw³wUi wfwˇZ ïay gRyi‡`i wb‡q cvwU Mo‡Z n‡e Ñ GB ZË¡wUi gv‡b ev¯Í‡e
G‡`‡k `uvov‡e `y‡Uv evey eyw×Rxex, hv‡`i mv‡_ kÖwgK‡`i eyw×MZ cv_©K¨Uv weivU, Zviv
kÖwgK‡`i kÖwgK wnmv‡e †h ÔB‡MvÕ _v‡K Zv‡K D‡ËwRZ K‡i Avm‡j e¨w³‡bZ…Z¡B
Pvwj‡q hv‡eb| KviY, `‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡ AviI eyw×Rxexiv G‡j hw` †bZ…‡Z¡i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø †`Lv †`q Ñ
GB f‡q Zviv Dc‡iv³ hyw³i Avov‡j `‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i g‡a¨ AwaK msL¨vq eyw×Rxex‡`i
XzK‡Z w`‡Z Pvb bv|
wØZxqZt ÔgRy‡ii †Q‡j †bZ…‡Z¡ G‡j Z‡e wecøe n‡eÕÑGB aviYvi Øviv Zviv Aci GKwU fz‡ji
wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| GB aviYvi g‡a¨ †Kv_vq µwU Av‡Q Zv Zviv ai‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zviv ai‡Z
cv‡iwb †h, GKRb kÖwgK, †m kÖwgK e‡jB mv‡_ mv‡_ wecøex n‡q hvq bv| KviY, cyuwRev`x
mgvRe¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ GKRb kÖwg‡Ki †h Ae¯’vb, †mLv‡b Zvi wPšÍvfvebv, Zvi ms¯‹…wZ, AvPiY,
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Af¨vmÑG meB ey‡R©vqv ms¯‹…wZi cÖfv‡e cÖfvevwš^Z| GgbwK wePvi Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e Zvi
g‡bi g‡a¨ †h workers complexUv KvR K‡i ZvI ey‡R©vqv †kÖYxMZ †PZbvi KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨B
e¨w³MZ we‡Øl I Cl©v‡K †K›`ª K‡i GK GKwU complex gvÎ| A_P, me©nviv †kÖYx‡PZbvi iƒcB
Zv bq| me©nviv †kÖYx‡PZbvq DØy× GKRb †jv‡Ki ey‡R©vqvi weiæ‡× jovBUv n‡”Q
impersonal class fight| ey‡R©vqv e¨e¯’vi weiæ‡× Zvi jovB-Gi †PZbvUv Ñ †m wb‡R eo‡jvK bq
e‡j †mB Cl©vi †_‡K Rb¥ bq| GgbwK Zvi Avw_©K I ivR‰bwZK `vwe`vIqv wb‡q jovB‡qi PwiÎI
e¨w³MZ bq, Zv impersonal| Zvi N„YvUv hw` e¨w³MZ nq, †kÖYxMZ †PZbvi †_‡K hw` Zvi Rb¥
bv nq, Zvn‡j GKRb kÖwgKI AbyK~j cwi‡ek Ges Ae¯’vq GKRb ey‡R©vqv‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z
cv‡i| A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK †ÿ‡Î ˆ`bw›`b msMÖvg †_‡K ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e †h †kÖYx‡PZbvi
D™¢e nq, †PZbvi †mB ¯Íi‡K DËxY© K‡i hLb h_v_©B kÖwgKiv wecøex †kÖYx‡PZbvq DØy×
n‡e Ges †kÖYxmsMÖvg m¤úwK©Z gvK©mev`x ZË¡ wK Ñ Zv Dcjw× Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e, ZLbB
gRyi‡kÖYx †_‡K Avmv K¨vWviiv e¨w³MZ we‡Øl †_‡K bq, mwVK †kÖYxMZ †PZbvi
wfwˇZB A_©vr impersonal class consciousness Gi wfwˇZB ey‡R©vqv †kÖYxi AvwacZ¨-Gi
weiæ‡× mwVKfv‡e jo‡Z wkL‡e| GKgvÎ ZLbB Zviv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ †h †kÖYxMZ humiliation-Gi
†eva (Aegvbbv‡eva) i‡q‡Q, Zvi weiæ‡×I µgvMZ jovB cwiPvjbv K‡iB KwgDwb÷ nevi †Póv Ki‡e|
(†Kb fviZe‡l©i gvwU‡Z Gm BD wm AvB GKgvÎ mvg¨ev`x `j)|
KwgDwb÷‡`i †Kb me©nviv mvs¯‹…wZK I ˆbwZK gvb AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e
Kg‡iW gvI †m-Zzs Zvui Ab¨Zg GKwU Dw³‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb, ivR‰bwZK jvB‡bi mwVKZv-
‡ewVKZvB me| `‡ji jvBb hw` mwVK bv nq, Z‡e `‡ji hv Av‡Q, ZvI †m nviv‡e| Kg‡iW wke`vm
†Nvl Avgv‡`i wkwL‡q‡Qb †h, mwVK wecøex jvBb n‡”Q GKwU me©nviv wecøex `‡ji cÖv_wgK
kZ©| wKš‘ cÖkœ nj Ñ jvBb mwVK bv fzj, †mUv GKRb eyS‡e wK K‡i? GB cÖm‡½ wZwb
‡`wL‡q‡Qb ÒDbœZZi ms¯‹…wZMZ gvb, A_©vr me©nviv ms¯‹…wZMZ gvb AR©b Ki‡Z bv
cvi‡j mwVKfv‡e gvK©mev`x-‡jwbbev`x ZË¡ wePv‡ii ÿgZvB AR©b Kiv hvq bv Ges wecøex ZË¡I
mwVKfv‡e Dcjwä Kiv hvq bv|Ó Ges †m Kvi‡YB Òwecøex ivRbxwZ‡K Kvh©Kvixfv‡e iƒc †`Iqv
gv‡bB n‡”Q jÿ jÿ gvbyl‡K GB wecø‡ei g‡a¨ RwoZ K‡i ev¯Í‡e Rxeb‡KB cwiewZ©Z Kiv|Ó
†jwbb e‡j‡Qb, cultural revolution precedes technical revolution| †jwb‡bi GB wkÿv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i
Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, ÒDbœZZi mvs¯‹…wZK I ˆbwZK gvb AšÍZt LvwbKUv
AR©b Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j GKUv †`‡ki RbmvaviY KLbB wecøe msMwVZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki KwgDwb÷ bvgavix `j¸wji PwiÎ e¨vL¨v cÖm‡½ Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl GB
¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkÿvwU w`‡q‡Qb †h, ivR‰bwZK jvBb Ges DbœZ mvs¯‹…wZK I ‰bwZK gvb
AR©b Ñ GB Dfq †ÿ‡Î msMÖvg‡K A¯^xKvi KivB †kvabev`x I bqv-†kvabev`x wPšÍvi Rb¥ †bIqvi
g~j KviY| GK w`‡K GBme `j¸wji †bZv I Kgx©iv ey‡R©vqv e¨w³ev`, ey‡R©vqv Aeÿqx ms¯‹…
wZ Ges ˆbwZKZvi weiæ‡× msMÖvg cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q Ges Aciw`‡K wb‡RivB G¸wji wbK…ó
wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡q wecøex PwiÎ nvwi‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i ms¯‹…wZMZ-Av`k©MZ-ˆbwZK Aeÿq ivR
‰bwZK jvB‡bi mwVKZv-†ewVKZv wbiƒc‡Y Ges †Kvb we‡kl NUbv‡K Ø›Øg~jK e¯‘ev`x
`„wóf½x‡Z wePvi Kivi †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i Aÿg K‡i w`‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ GBme `j¸wji †bZ…
Z¡ †kÖYxmsMÖvg I MYmsMÖv‡gi c_ cy‡ivcywi cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q, ZvB bq, gi‡Yvb¥yL
cyuwRev‡`i †kl iÿvKZ©v wnmv‡e Giv †kÖYxmsMÖvg I MYmsMÖvg¸wji Pig kÎæ wnmv‡e †`Lv
w`‡q‡Q|
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki GB we‡kl cwiw¯’wZ‡Z, me©nviv †kÖYxi wecøex `‡ji Dci †h HwZnvwmK `vwqZ¡
I KZ©e¨ eZ©vq, Avgv‡`i †`‡k me©nviv‡kÖYxi me©v‡cÿv AMÖMvgx Ask wnmv‡e †mB

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`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ Avgv‡`i `j GmBDwmAvB-Gi Dci G‡m c‡o‡Q| GB `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨‡K Avgiv
KZUv mv_©Kfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cvie Zvi Dci Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †kvlY gyw³i Av‡›`vj‡bi fwel¨r wbf©i
Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i wcÖq †bZv Kg‡iW bxnvi gyLvRx©i †bZ…‡Z¡ Avgv‡`i `‡ji †K›`ªxq KwgwU
wecøex †ZR I D‡Ïk¨gyLxZv wb‡q ÔwØgyLxÕ msMÖv‡g AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ `‡ji Kgx©‡`i
cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Gi GKwU nj, eZ©gvb mg‡q gvK©mev`-†jwbbev‡`i m‡e©vbœZ
Dcjwä hv Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wPšÍvq cÖwZdwjZ, Zv‡K wb‡R‡`i Rxe‡b iƒcvwqZ Kivi g‡a¨
w`‡q KwgDwb÷ PwiÎ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ wb‡R‡`i cwiewZ©Z Kivi wbijm msMÖvg| AciwU nj Ñ
wecøex Z‡Ë¡i GB DbœZZi Dcjwä‡K AwaKZi cÖwZÁv I `„pZv wb‡q †kvwlZ gvby‡li e¨vcK
As‡ki g‡a¨ †cuŠ‡Q ‡`Iqv Ges Gi ga¨ w`‡q †kÖYxmsMÖvg I MYmsMÖv‡g Zv‡`i msMwVZ n‡Z
mvnvh¨ Kiv Ñ ‡h KvRwU G‡`‡ki †kvabev`xiv `xN©Kvj Av‡MB cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q|
KwgDwb÷ Av`k© I j‡ÿ¨i gnË¡‡K D‡aŸ© Zy‡j a‡i Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl e‡j‡Qb t ÒAvgiv
gvK©mev`x-‡jwbbev`xiv g‡b Kwi, cvw_©e Rxe‡b gvby‡li Kj¨vY, Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZ, e¨w³i
weKvk I me©v½xb DbœwZi Rb¨, wecø‡ei Rb¨ wbwØ©avq, Avb‡›`i m‡½ me©¯^ w`‡Z cviv Ñ
GiB g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q e¨w³i Pig mv_©KZv Ges gyw³|Ó (Kg‡iW my‡eva e¨vbvRx© ¯§i‡Y)
wek¦me©nviv wecøex Av‡›`vj‡bi GB mg¯Í AwfÁZv I wkÿv¸wj gnvb Kvj© gvK©‡mi g„Zz¨
kZel©c~wZi GB gnvj‡Mœ fviZe‡l©i kÖwgK‡kÖYxi cÖwZ †Kvb& wkÿv enb K‡i Avb‡Q?
mvgwqK wePz¨wZ I †kvabev`x avivi †Rvqvi †`‡L gvK©mev`x-‡jwbbev`x ˆeÁvwbK `k©‡bi
A‡gvN kw³ m¤ú‡K© Zviv wK Av¯’vnxb n‡q co‡e, bvwK Gi †_‡K GB mZ¨ Dcjwä Ki‡e †h,
gvK©mev`x `k©‡bi weiæ‡× AvµgY †Kvb bZzb NUbv bq| gvbe BwZnv‡mi †h gnËg `k©b GKw`b
mg¯Í iKg †kvlY Ges GB †kvl‡Yi ¯^v_©evnx wPšÍv-fvebv, ms¯‹…wZ I ˆbwZKZvi aviYvi mgvwa
iPbv Ki‡e, Zvi weiæ‡× GB AvµgY †Zv Avm‡eB|
AZx‡ZI gvK©mev`x `k©‡bi weiæ‡× evievi Zxeª AvµgY n‡qwQj, GLbI n‡”Q, Ges fwel¨‡ZI n‡e|
G AvµgY †Kej kÖwgK-Av‡›`vj‡bi evB‡i †_‡KB G‡m‡Q ev Avm‡e Zv bq, wfZi †_‡KI AvµgY I
AvNvZ Avm‡e| wKš‘ Gi Øviv me©nviv‡kÖYxi AvµgY‡K †VwK‡q ivLv hvqwb| KviY cÖwZwU
wePz¨wZ, cÖwZwU fzj, cÖwZwU ÎæwU †_‡K wecøex me©nviv‡kªYx wkÿv MÖnY K‡i Zv‡`i
†kÖYx m‡PZbZv‡K DbœZ I Zxÿè K‡i‡Q, wecøe‡K AviI Mfxifv‡e Dcjwä K‡i‡Q Ges †h cvwU©
†m wecø‡e †bZ…Z¡ †`‡e Zvi mv‡_ wb‡R‡`i AviI GKvZ¥ K‡i‡Q| GUvB BwZnv‡mi wkÿv|
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki kÖgRxex gvbyl‡K gnvb Kvj© gvK©‡mi GKwU HwZnvwmK wkÿv, hvi cÖwZ
Kg‡iW †Nvl evievi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Qb, ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡Z PvB t Ò`ywbqv‡K cwieZ©b Ki‡Z
n‡j cÖ_‡g `iKvi kÖwgK †kÖYxi wb‡R‡K cwieZ©b Kiv|Ó
ZvB Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl Avgv‡`i GB wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb †h, †h me©nviv‡kÖYx `ywbqv‡K
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i Zviv mvaviY gv‡bi me©nviv bq| Zv‡`i ïay DbœZ ivR‰bwZK-mvs¯‹…wZK I
ˆbwZK gvb AR©b Ki‡jB Pj‡e bv, wecøex †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Y I †hvM¨ZvI AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| cyuwRev`x
ivóªhš¿‡K D‡”Q‡`i Rb¨ `xN©¯’vqx wecøex msMÖvg cwiPvjbv Ges Zv‡Z †bZ…Z¡ †`Iqvi
ÿgZvm¤úbœ ivwkqvi †mvwf‡qU¸wji Abyiƒc G‡`‡kI msMÖvg KwgwU¸wj M‡o Zz‡j Zvi ga¨ w`‡q
me©nviv‡kÖYxi wbR¯^ ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvi Rb¥ Zv‡`i w`‡Z n‡e|
Kg‡iW †Nvl Avgv‡`i evievi GB e‡j ûuwkqvix w`‡q‡Qb †h, hZw`b bv kÖgRxex gvbyl wecø‡ei
GB Acwinvh© kZ©wU c~iY Ki‡Z mÿg n‡”Q, ZZw`b Zv‡`i mg¯Í jovB, i³`vb, `y‡f©vM I
AvZ¥Z¨vM me wed‡j hv‡e Ñ gRywi`vm‡Z¡i Aemvb I †kvlYgyw³i ¯^cœ Zv‡`i mv_©K n‡e bv|
fviZxq me©nviv‡kÖYx‡K Aek¨B GB gnvb `vwq‡Z¡i Dchy³ K‡i wb‡R‡`i M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| †jwbb,
ó¨vwjb, gvI †m-Zzs Ges wke`vm †Nv‡li ¯^cœ I Avkv‡K Zv‡`i ev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡Z n‡e| me©nviv
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†kÖYxi cÖ_g wkÿK, †bZv I c_cÖ`k©K gnvb Kvj© gvK©m Gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkÿv †_‡K Aek¨B
¯§iY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Òmenviv‡kÖYxi Aejywß e¨wZ‡i‡K `k©b‡K ev¯Íe iƒc †`Iqv hv‡e bv| `k©b‡K
ev¯ÍevwqZ bv K‡i me©nviv‡kÖYx‡K Aejyß Kiv hv‡e bv|Ó (Philosophy cannot be made reality
without abolition of the proletariat :the proletariat cannot be abolished without philosophy made a
reality")
GB HwZnvwmK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi msMÖv‡g fviZe‡l©i me©nviv‡kÖYx GK `yR©q A‡¯¿i
AwaKvix Ñ Zv n‡jv Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wPšÍvaviv Ñ hv eZ©gvb mg‡q gvK©mev`-
‡jwbbev‡`i m‡e©vbœZ Dcjwä Ges Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gvwU‡Z Zvi we‡klxK…Z iƒcwU‡K Avgv‡`i
mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| GB A¯¿ nv‡Z Zz‡j †bIqvi my‡hvM¨ Zv‡`i n‡Z n‡e|
wek¦me©nviv Av‡›`vj‡bi eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z fviZe‡l©i wecøex msMÖv‡gi HwZnvwmK
¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch© Acwimxg| Avmyb, GB HwZnvwmK `vwq‡Z¡i Dchy³ K‡i wb‡R‡`i M‡o †Zvjvi
msMÖv‡g Avgiv wb‡R‡`i AviI Mfxifv‡e wb‡qvwRZ Kivi kc_ MÖnY Kwi|
gvK©mev`-‡jwbbev` wR›`vev`
wecøe wR›`vev`
GmBDwm AvB wR›`vev`

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