Internet Protocol Television - Wikipedia
Internet Protocol Television - Wikipedia
Internet Protocol Television - Wikipedia
television
Definition
Historically, many different definitions of
IPTV have appeared, including elementary
streams over IP networks, MPEG transport
streams over IP networks and a number of
proprietary systems. One official definition
approved by the International
Telecommunication Union focus group on
IPTV (ITU-T FG IPTV) is:
History
Up until the early 1990s, it was not thought
possible that a television programme
could be squeezed into the limited
telecommunication bandwidth of a copper
telephone cable to provide a video-on-
demand (VOD) television service of
acceptable quality, as the required
bandwidth of a digital television signal
was around 200 Mbps, which was 2,000
times greater than the bandwidth of a
speech signal over a copper telephone
wire. VOD services were only made
possible as a result of two major
technological developments: discrete
cosine transform (DCT) video
compression and asymmetric digital
subscriber line (ADSL) data
transmission.[3] DCT is a lossy
compression technique that was first
proposed by Nasir Ahmed in 1972,[4] and
was later adapted into a motion-
compensated DCT algorithm for video
coding standards such as the H.26x
formats from 1988 onwards and the
MPEG formats from 1991 onwards.[5][6]
Motion-compensated DCT video
compression significantly reduced the
amount of bandwidth required for a
television signal, while at the same time
ADSL increased the bandwidth of data that
could be sent over a copper telephone
wire. ADSL increased the bandwidth of a
telephone line from around 100 kbps to
2 Mbps, while DCT compression reduced
the required bandwidth of a digital
television signal from around 200 Mbps
down to about 2 Mbps. The combination
of DCT and ADSL technologies made it
possible to practically implement VOD
services at around 2 Mbps bandwidth in
the 1990s.[3]
Markets
Residential …
Elements …
Protocols
IPTV covers both live TV (multicast) as
well as stored video-on-demand/VoD
(unicast). Playback requires a broadband
device connected to either a fixed or
wireless IP network in the form of either a
standalone personal computer or limited
embedded OS device such as a
smartphone, touch screen tablet, game
console, connected TV or set-top box.
Video compression is provided by either a
H.263 or H.264 derived codec, audio is
compressed via a MDCT based codec and
then encapsulated in either an MPEG
transport stream or RTP packets or Flash
Video packets for live or VoD streaming. IP
multicasting allows for live data to be sent
to multiple receivers using a single
multicast group address. H.264/MPEG-4
AVC is commonly used for internet
streaming over higher bit rate standards
such as H.261 and H.263 which were more
designed for ISDN video conferencing.
H.262/MPEG-1/2 is generally not used as
the bandwidth required would quite easily
saturate a network which is why they are
only used in single link broadcast or
storage applications.
Via satellite
Although IPTV and conventional satellite
TV distribution have been seen as
complementary technologies, they are
likely to be increasingly used together in
hybrid IPTV networks that deliver the
highest levels of performance and
reliability. IPTV is largely neutral to the
transmission medium, and IP traffic is
already routinely carried by satellite for
Internet backbone trunking and corporate
VSAT networks.[48] The use of satellite to
carry IP is fundamental to overcoming the
greatest shortcoming of IPTV over
terrestrial cables – the speed/bandwidth
of the connection, as well as availability.
Hybrid IPTV
This section's factual accuracy may be
compromised due to out-of-date information.
Learn more
Advantages
The Internet protocol-based platform
offers significant advantages, including
the ability to integrate television with other
IP-based services like high speed Internet
access and VoIP.
Economics …
Interactivity …
Video-on-demand …
Limitations
IPTV is sensitive to packet loss and delays
if the streamed data is unreliable. IPTV
has strict minimum speed requirements in
order to facilitate the right number of
frames per second to deliver moving
pictures. This means that the limited
connection speed and bandwidth available
for a large IPTV customer base can reduce
the service quality delivered.
Latency …
Bandwidth requirements
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Bandwidth capacity for simultaneously two HDTV
streams, two SD streams, additional to HSD and voice
Privacy implications
Due to limitations in bandwidth, an IPTV
channel is delivered to the user one at a
time, as opposed to the traditional
multiplexed delivery. Changing a channel
requires requesting the head-end server to
provide a different broadcast stream,
much like VOD (For VOD the stream is
delivered using unicast, for the normal TV
signal multicast is used). This could
enable the service provider to accurately
track each and every programme watched
and the duration of watching for each
viewer; broadcasters and advertisers
could then understand their audience and
programming better with accurate data
and targeted advertising.
Service bundling
For residential users, IPTV is often
provided in conjunction with video on
demand and may be bundled with Internet
services such as Internet access and
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
telecommunications services. Commercial
bundling of IPTV, VoIP and Internet access
is sometimes referred to in marketing as
triple play service. When these three are
offered with cellular service, the combined
service may be referred to as quadruple
play.
Regulation
Historically, broadcast television has been
regulated differently from
telecommunications. As IPTV allows TV
and VoD to be transmitted over IP
networks, new regulatory issues arise.[77]
Professor Eli M. Noam highlights in his
report "TV or Not TV: Three Screens, One
Regulation?" some of the key challenges
with sector specific regulation that is
becoming obsolete due to convergence in
this field.[78]
See also
Comparison between OTT and IPTV
Comparison of streaming media
systems
Comparison of video services
Content delivery network
Internet television
List of music streaming services
List of streaming media systems
P2PTV
Protection of Broadcasts and
Broadcasting Organizations Treaty
SAT>IP
Software as a service
Streaming media
TV gateway
Web television
Webcast
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Further reading
Anderson, Nate (12 March 2006). "An
Introduction to IPTV" . Ars Technica.
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