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Introduction To Computer

The document provides an introduction to computers including: - A definition of a computer as an electronic device that takes in information as input, processes it, and displays the output. - A brief history of computers from Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 19th century through the four generations of computers. - An overview of the basic functions of a computer including input, processing, output, and storage of data. - Explanations of the components of a computer system including hardware, software, and the user.

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Kin
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45 views

Introduction To Computer

The document provides an introduction to computers including: - A definition of a computer as an electronic device that takes in information as input, processes it, and displays the output. - A brief history of computers from Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 19th century through the four generations of computers. - An overview of the basic functions of a computer including input, processing, output, and storage of data. - Explanations of the components of a computer system including hardware, software, and the user.

Uploaded by

Kin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to computer Basics

1/1/2008
Contents
1. Introduction to computer....................................................................................................................2
1.1. What is computer?......................................................................................................................2
1.2. History of computers...................................................................................................................2
2. Functionalities of a computer..............................................................................................................5
2.1. Computer System......................................................................................................................10
3. Using computer.................................................................................................................................11
1. Introduction to computer
1.1. What is computer?
To put it simply, a computer is an electr onic device that is designed to work with
information. The Computer...

1.Takes in information, then...


2.Processes the information, and then...
3.Displays the results.

Today’s world is an information-rich world and it has become a necessity for everyone to know
about computers. Purpose of this tutorial is to introduce you about computer and its
fundamentals.

A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data, stores and processes data into
information. The computer is able to work because there are instructions in its memory directing
it.

Data which is raw facts that you the user enter into the computer is called input. This includes;
words, numbers, sound and pictures. When the data is entered into the computer, the computer
processes the data to produce information which is output. For example, you enter 2+2 into the
computer as data, the computer processes it and the result is 4 which is information.

1.2. History of computers


The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics
professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that
the basic framework of the computers of today are based on.

1.2.1. Generation of computers

First generation: 1937 – 1946 - In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V.
Atanasoff and Clifford Berry.
Second generation: 1947 – 1962 - This generation of computers used transistors instead of
vacuum tubes which were more reliable

Third generation: 1963 - present - The invention of integrated circuit brought us the third
generation of computers
Fourth Generation Computer, i.e. first microprocessor. That is, the first complete processor on a
single chip built using integrated circuit technology.
2. Functionalities of a computer

Any digital computer carries out four functions in gross terms:

a. accepts data ……………..……….Input

b. processes data ……………………....Processing

c. produces output …………………....Output

d. stores ………………………….…….results

Input (Data): Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is
the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.
Process: Process is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally internal process of
the computer system.

Output: Output is the processed data given by computer after data processing. Output is also
called as Result. We can save these results in the storage devices for the future use.
Storage
2.1. Computer System
All of the components of a computer system can be summarized with the simple equations.

COMPUTER SYSTEM = HARDWARE + SOFTWARE+ USER

 Hardware = Internal Devices + Peripheral Devices All physical parts of the computer (or
everything that we can touch) are known as Hardware.
Keyboard, the Mouse, the Computer Case (sometimes referred to as the Tower, the
CPU, and often “the Computer”), and the Monitor.
 Software = Programs Software gives "intelligence" to the computer. Software, simply
are the computer programs. The instructions given to the computer in the form of a
program is called Software. Software is the set of programs, which are used for different
purposes. All the programs used in computer to perform specific task is called Software
 USER = Person, who operates computer.

3. Using computer

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