Table of Contents

1.0 History of computer .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1Abacus ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 John Napier bone. ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Blaise pascal .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz ..................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Joseph Marie jacquard .................................................................................................................. 2
1.6 Charles Babbage............................................................................................................................ 3
1.7 Herman Hollerith .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.8 Atanasoff ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.9 The Univac:.................................................................................................................................... 4
2.0 Function of computer ....................................................................................................................... 4
There are Four Functions of a Computer ................................................................................................ 4
2.1 Data Input ..................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Data Processing ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 Information Output ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Data and Information Storage ...................................................................................................... 7

1.0 History of computer

Man was in search of fast and accurate calculating devices and for this he invented computer
1.1Abacus
Abacus is name of calculating machine which was invented by Chinese about 600 Bc.
Chinese use this machine for simple calculations like addition and subtraction it consist of
wooden beads.The beads could be move easily calculation were performed by moving these
beads properly .
1.2 John Napier bone.

Another manual calculating device was John Napier bone or card board multiplication
calculator.It was designed in early 17 century and its upgraded version was used even around
1890.

1.3 Blaise pascal

The first mechanical adding machine was invented by Blaise pascal in 1642.
It could only add and subtract numbers. Division and multiplication were done by repeated
addition and subtraction.

1.4 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz

Later in year 1694 von Leibniz of Germany invented the first calculator for multiplication
.

1.5 Joseph Marie jacquard

In 1801 Joseph Marie jacquard French engineer developed punch board system for power
looms. It was used to creat waving pattern on cloths.later it was used in computing devices
1.6 Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage is called the father of computer due to his work for it. In 1822 he invented a
“Difference engine “ for mathematical calculations. In 1842 he developed analytical engine
that was automatic. This engine could perform 60 addition per minute.

1.7 Herman Hollerith

In 1899 Herman applied the idea of punch board in computer. He used punch cards in
computers for input and output. His computer name is Tabulator

1.8 Atanasoff
He was a professor at LOWA university. He invented an electronic computer. He applied
Boolean algebra to computer circuitry
1.9 The Univac:
The Universal Automatic Computer(UNIVAC)was the first digital
computer.This computer was used in business and industries.

2.0 Function of computer

There are Four Functions of a Computer

The four functions of a computer actually explain the core reasons why it was built. They include:

1. Data input
2. Data processing.
3. Information output.
4. Data and information storage.

2.1 Data Input

Every computer is designed with data input as a first function, an activity which is accomplished via
input devices.
Data entry is done manually, automatically or both. Manual input is done via add-on peripherals like
the keyboard, mouse and stylus. Input can also be accomplished via vocal dictation applications and
body gestures peripherals like Kinect and biometric devices. Elsewhere, data input is also done using
secondary storage media and networking interfaces.

Application software used for this purpose will also dictate what data is entered. Word processing
software is designed to input basic alphanumerical data, while a photo editing application is used to
input and manipulate images.

This data may be entered into a database, spreadsheet or other forms of a computerized work area.

Automated applications and robotics can also be used to intelligently feed data into the computer
on station or remotely. As an example, tallying of electoral process can be accomplished remotely
and automatically.

Laptop keyboard and touchpad

2.2 Data Processing

Data processing is the core function of a computer. Processing involves manipulation of raw data
into before converting it into meaningful information. Usually, data is in raw form, and will thus
undergo processing before dissemination for user consumption.

The 'brain' of the computer where data is processed is referred to as the microprocessor. It is also
commonly known as the central processing unit (CPU) or accelerated processing unit (APU).

The processing chips in modern personal computing devices continue to evolve and outperform its
predecessors. One particular evolution is the merger of microprocessor and graphics processing unit
(GPU) into what is now known as accelerated processing unit. The merger allows for the integration
of powerful graphics processing abilities inside the traditional arithmetic and logical computations of
the processor.

Besides the microprocessor, the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and static random access
memory (SRAM) are integral parts of data processing. Data entered via input devices is stored
temporarily in DRAM, then transferred to SRAM from where the microprocessor manipulates it.
An AMD microprocessor

2.3 Information Output

When raw data has been manipulated by the microprocessor, the outcome is meant to be
disseminated for useful purposes. The output is thus referred to as information and is beneficial to
the computer user.

Processed data or information can be,

viewed as alphanumeric, images and video via a display hardware

listened to as audio files by use of a speaker
printed as hard copy output onto paper
printed as 3D models
TV output on a computer screen
2.4 Data and Information Storage

The fourth and equally very important function of a computer is data and information storage. After
sleepless nights of video and animation creation and editing, the user wants to have the finished
product stored for future dissemination and additional editing.

A computer can store information internally and externally. The hard disk drive (HDD) and/or solid-
state disk drive (SSD) are internal storage devices and serve to protect and house all data and
information on a computer. In bigger systems, the RAID system is used. Multiple disk drives operate
simultaneously to ensure data and information integrity.

External storage is achieved through accessories that attach externally to the computer. They
include external drives and optical disks.

Better still data and information can be stored online in cloud solutions for a fee or for a fee if large
space is required.

Storage integrity is a crucial phase that can actually determine the worth of a computer system. In
any case, what use is a computer without data and information