, 2010

Labor Requirement
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Calculating Labor Requirement

Labor Efficiencies
Time req. to
Item Description Out put perform one
Gang Time per 8hr unit of work
1 Excavation
1.1 Site clearing to remove
top soil to an average 1DL 8hr 10m 2
48min/m 2

depth of 20cm
1.2 Trench excavation in
ordinary soil
a) To depth of 1.2m 1DL 8hr 1.25m 3
6.40hr/m 3

b) To depth of 2.20m 1DL 8hr 1.00m 3

8.00hr/m 3

c) To depth of 3.00m 1DL 8hr 0.75m 3

10.66hr/m 3

1.3 Bulk excavation in

ordinary soil
a) To depth of 1.5m 1DL 8hr 1.5m 3
5.33hr/m 3

1.4 Cart Away

a) To 500m away from 1DL 8hr 1.5m 3
5.33hr/m 3

the site
b) To one km away from 1DL 8hr 1m 3
8.0hr/m 3

the site
1.5 Hard coring 25cm thick 1M+1DL 8hr 18m 2
26min/m 2

1.6 Back fill around

foundation
a) Loose soil 1DL 8hr 2m 3
4.0hr/m 3

b) Aggregate 1DL 8hr 1½m 3

5.33hr/m 3

2 Concrete work
2.1 Lean concrete
a) 5cm thick 1M+6DL 8hr 20m 3
24min/m 2

b) 8cm thick 1M+6DL 8hr 15m 3

32min/m 2

2.1 Floor slab

a) 8cm thick 1M+6DL 8hr 15m 3
32min/m 2

b) 10cm thick 1M+6DL 8hr 12.5m 3

38min/m 2

c) 15cm thick 1M+6DL 8hr 10m 3

48min/m 2
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Labor Efficiencies
Description Time req. to
Item
Output perform one
Gang Time per 8hr unit of work
2.3 Ground beam 1M+6DL 8hr 1½m 5.33hr/m
3 3

2.4 Footing 1M+6DL 8hr 1½m 5.33hr/m

3 3

2.5 Foundation column 1M+6DL 8hr 1¼m 6.40hr/m

3 3

2.6 Upper tie beam 1M+6DL 8hr 1m 3

8.0hr/m 3

2.7 Linton 1M+6DL 8hr 1m 3

8.0hr/m 3

2.8 Column up to 2m 1M+6DL 8hr 1¼m 6.40hr/m

3 3

2.9 Column above 2m 1M+6DL 8hr 1m 3

8.0hr/m 3

3 Masonry work
3.1 Stone masonry sub -
structure
a) 40cm thick 2M+6DL 8hr 5m 3
1.66hr/m 3

b) 50cm thick 2M+6DL 8hr 6m 3

1.33hr/m 3

c) 60cm thick 2M+6DL 8hr 7m 3

1.15hr/m 3

3.2 Stone masonry super -

structure
a) 40cm thick 2M+6DL 8hr 3m 3
2.66hr/m 3

b) 50cm thick 2M+6DL 8hr 4m 3

2.00hr/m 3

c) 60cm thick 2M+6DL 8hr 5m 3

1.60hr/m 3

3.3 Brick masonry wall for

plastering
a) 25cm thick up to 2m 2M+6DL 8hr 7m 2
1.14hr/m 2

b) 12cm thick up to 2m 2M+6DL 8hr 9m 2

53min/m 2

c) 25cm thick from 2-4m 2M+6DL 8hr 5m 2

1.60hr/m 2

d) 12cm thick from 2-4m 2M+6DL 8hr 7m 2

1.14hr/m 2

3.4 Hollow block masonry

wall for plastering
a) 20cm thick up to 2m 1M+2DL 8hr 10m 2
48min/m 2

b) 15cm thick up to 2m 1M+2DL 8hr 10m 2

48min/m 2

c) 10cm thick up to 2m 1M+2DL 8hr 8m 2

1.00hr/m 2

d) 20cm thick from 2-4m 1M+2DL 8hr 8m 2

1.00hr/m 2

e) 15cm thick from 2-4m 1M+2DL 8hr 8m 2

1.00hr/m 2

f) 10cm thick from 2-4m 1M+2DL 8hr 6m 2

1.33hr/m 2
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Labor Efficiencies
Description Time req. to
Item
Out put perform one
Gang Time per 8hr unit of work
4 Roofing Work
4.1 Roof covering (G.C.I) 1C+2DL 8hr 40m 2
12min/m 2

4.2 Ridge cover 1C+2DL 8hr 70ml 7min/ml

4.3 Valley cover 1C+2DL 8hr 70ml 7min/ml
4.4 Gutter fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 30ml 16min/ml
4.5 Joining eucalyptus truss up
1C+2DL 8hr 4truss 2hr/truss
to 10m span on ground
4.6 Down pipe fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 40ml 12min/ml
4.7 Truss erecting 1C+2DL 8hr 15truss 32min/truss
4.8 Fixing corrugated asbestos 1C+2DL 8hr 25m 2
19min/m 2

4.9 Fixing EGA sheet joining 1C+2DL 8hr 30m 2

16min/m 2

4.10 Joining zigba truss up to 10m

1C+2DL 8hr 3truss 2.66hr/truss
span on ground
4.11 Zigba truss erecting 1C+8DL 8hr 15truss 32min/truss
4.12 Fascia board fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 70ml 7min/ml
5 Joinery work
5.1 Wooden door fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 3pcs 2.66hr/pcs
5.2 Wooden window fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 4pcs 2.00hr/pcs
5.3 Chip wood ceiling fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 10m 2
48min/m 2

5.4 Hard board ceiling fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 10m 2

48min/m 2

5.5 Abujedie ceiling fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 13m 2

37min/m 2

6 Metal work
6.1 Metal door fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 3pcs 2.66hr/pcs
6.2 Metal window fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 4pcs 2.00hr/pcs
6.3 French window fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 2pcs 4.00hr/pcs
7 Plastering & pointing
7.1 1 coat plastering
st
1P+2DL 8hr 35m 2
14min/m 2

7.2 2 coat plastering

nd
1P+2DL 8hr 10m 2
48min/m 2

7.3 3 coat plastering

rd
1P+2DL 8hr 14m 2
34min/m 2

7.4 Pointing on brick wall 1P+2DL 8hr 8m 2

1hr/m 2

7.5 Pointing on hollow block 1P+2DL 8hr 14m 2

34min/m 2

7.6 Pointing on dressed stone 1P+2DL 8hr 12m 2

40min/m 2

7.7 Rendering 1P+2DL 8hr 20m 2

24min/m 2
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Labor Efficiencies
Description Time req. to
Item
Out put perform one
Gang Time per 8hr unit of work
8 Flooring
8.1 Cement screed 1M+2DL 8hr 14m 2
34min/m 2

8.2 Cement tile fixing 1M+2DL 8hr 10m 2

48min/m 2

8.3 Plastic tile fixing 1M+2DL 8hr 17m 2

28min/m 2

8.4 Par-quet flooring 1M+2DL 8hr 15m 2

32min/m 2

8.5 Wooden flooring 1M+2DL 8hr 8m 2

1hr/m 2

8.6 Ceramic wall tile 1M+2DL 8hr 7m 2

1.14hr/m 2

8.7 Plastic tile skirting 1M+1DL 8hr 40ml 12min/ml

8.8 Cement tile skirting 1M+2DL 8hr 12ml 40min/ml
8.9 Marble slate flooring 1M+2DL 8hr 12m 2
40min/m 2

8.10 Marble slate skirting 1M+2DL 8hr 16ml 30min/ml

8.11 Fixing pre-cast window sill 1M+2DL 8hr 10ml 48min/ml
8.12 Fixing un pre-cast window sill 1M+2DL 8hr 6ml 1.33hr/ml

9 Glazing
9.1 Cutting 1C+2DL 8hr 50m 2
10min/m 2

9.2 Fixing 1C+2DL 8hr 20m 2

24min/m 2

10 painting
a) Plastic paint
10.1 Painting plastered wall 30m 2
16min/m 2
1P+1DL 8hr
surface (3 coats)
10.2 Painting rendered wall 1P+1DL 8hr 25m 2
19min/m 2

surface
10.3 Painting abujedie ceiling 1P+1DL 8hr 20m 2
24min/m 2

10.4 Painting Hard board ceiling 1P+1DL 8hr 20m 2

24min/m 2

10.5 Painting chip wood ceiling 1P+1DL 8hr 20m 2

24min/m 2

b) Synthetic paint
10.6 Painting plastered wall 1P+1DL
8hr 25m 2
19min/m 2

surface in 3 coats
10.7 Wooden surface 1P+1DL 8hr 25m 2
19min/m 2

10.8 Metal surface 1P+1DL 8hr 27m 2

17min/m 2
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Labor Efficiencies
Description Time req. to
Item
Out put perform one
Gang Time per 8hr unit of work
11 Sanitary work
11.1 G.I. pipe laying in ground ½”-
1PL+2DL 8hr 120ml 4min/ml
1 ¼”
11.2 Fixing bath tub, shower
complete, wash basin, water 1PL+1DL 8hr 1pcs 8hr/pcs
closet, bidet sink

12 Electrical Installation
12.1 Fixing conduits 1E+1DL 8hr 40ml 12min/ml
12.2 Pulling wires 1E+1DL 8hr 50ml 10min/ml
12.3 Fixing switch & out-lets 1E+1DL 8hr 20pcs 24min/pcs
12.4 Fixing fittings 1E+1DL 8hr 10pcs 48min/pcs
12.5 Fitting distribution board 1E+1DL 8hr 1pcs 8hr/pcs

13 Site work
13.1 Drain laying
Ø0.10-0.30m 1M+3DL 8hr 30ml 16min/ml
Ø0.40-0.60m 1M+3DL 8hr 20ml 24min/ml
Ø0.80-1.00m 1M+3DL 8hr 10ml 48min/ml
13.2 Curb stone 1M+3DL 8hr 30ml 16min/ml
13.3 0.60x0.60m manhole out of
1M+3DL 8hr 3pcs 4hr/pcs
brick
13.4 0.60x0.60m manhole out of 1M+3DL 8hr 2pcs 4hr/pcs
hollow block
13.5 Fencing with Galvanized 1C+2DL 8hr 50m 2
10min/m 2

fencing net
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

CALCULATING UNIT PRICES (ANALYSIS OF RATES)

In ordinary type of building; the cost of material is about 60% and labor cost is
40% of the total cost of the whole building.
Materials:- walling material will cost 25%, cement 13%, steel 10% and timber 12%
Labor:- Excavation will cost 1%, Mason 25%, carpenters 12% & smith 2%
The cost of separate items of works may be roughly as follows as a percentage of
the total cost of the building for a single storey building.
Excavation ................................................................... 1%
Concrete in foundation ............................................... 2%
Foundation wall up to plinth ....................................... 5%
Walling (super structure) ............................................ 25%
Roofing ........................................................................ 20%
Flooring ....................................................................... 6%
Joinery......................................................................... 15%
Internal finishes .......................................................... 6%
External ....................................................................... 3%
Water supply & sanitary work ..................................... 12%
Electrification .............................................................. 5%
Total ............................................................................ 100%
For the purpose of calculating unit prices the details about all the operations
involved in caring out the work should be available, the quantities of materials
required and their costs should be known and the number of different categories
of laborer and their wage per day should be known.
The rate of particular item of work depends on the following:-
• Specifications of work and materials, quality of materials, proportion of
mortar and method of constructional operation.
• Quantities of material and their rates, number of different types of laborer
and their rates.
• Location of the site of work and its distance from the source of materials and
their rates.
• Profit, overhead expenses and miscellaneous of contractor.
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Material cost:- it include:-

• The first cost (cost of origin)
• Cost of transport
• Taxes, etc.
Labor cost: it varies from place to places. However in bigger cities where standard
of living is high; specialized and experienced labor is higher than small towns and
country sides.
Transportation:- in the country if transportation of material is to be done the rate
is:-
• On Highway = 0.02049cents/kg/km.
• On rural roads = 0.04cents/kg/km.
Overhead cost & miscellaneous:- this include general office expenses, rents, taxes,
supervision and other costs which are indirect expenses and not productive
expenses on the job, and this is about 5-10%
The analysis of rates of different items of work is the summation of cost of
material, cost of labor, transportation, profit and overhead & miscellaneous costs.
Current rate of labor in ………………
Labor Rate
Unskilled labor 20
Mason 80
Plasterer 80
Steel bender 80
Carpenter & joiner 80
Painter & decorator 80
Pavior & floorer 80
Plumber (sanitary fitter) 80
Drain layer 80
Electrician 80
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Current price of construction material

Material cost @ …………….
a) Material
Item Unit
No. Description Unit price
1 Cement Qtl
2 Sand M3
3 Gravel (02) M3
4 Reinforcing steel Kg
5 Tying wire steel (Ø6) Kg
6 Masonry stone M3
7 Barbed wire Kg
8 Wire mesh Kg
9 Corrugated iron sheet gage 28 Pcs
10 Corrugated iron sheet gage 30 Pcs
11 Corrugated iron sheet gage 32 Pcs
12 Brick for walling 110cm Pcs
13 Chip wood Pcs
14 Ply wood Pcs
15 Plastic pipe Pcs
16 Lumber M3
17 Angle iron Kg
18 Lime Kg
19 HCB 10cm Pcs
20 HCB 15cm Pcs
21 HCB 20cm pcs
22 Terrazzo tile M2
23 Concrete pipe Ø10 Pcs
24 Concrete pipe Ø15 Pcs
25 Concrete pipe Ø20 Pcs
26 Concrete pipe Ø30 Pcs
27 Concrete pipe Ø80 Pcs
28 Glazing Ø3mm M2
29 Glazing Ø4mm M2
30 Stucco kg
31 Plastic paint Gallon
32 Antirust paint Gallon
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Item Unit
No. Description Unit price
33 Synthetic paint Gallon
34 Local stucco Kg
35 Jesso Kg
36 Glue Kg
37 Special glue Kg
38 Venavil glue Kg
39 Plastic tile M2
40 Adhesive Lts
41 Doom headed nail Kg
42 Asphalt paper washer Pack
43 Ceramic tiles Pcs
44 Electrical wire 1.15 pack
45 Electrical wire 1.25 pack
46 Electrical wire 1.4 pack
47 Electrical wire 1.6 pack
48 Sand paper Pcs
49 Brush Pcs
50 Morale M
51 Morale 5x7cm M
52 Morale 4x5cm M
53 Nails kg
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

LABOR COMPOSITION AND AVERAGE PRODUCTION RATE IN BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Average production rate/hour

Types of Activities Unit Labor Highland Per Lowland Arid
composition area 8hrs area area
Top soil excavation 20cm thick M2 DL=1 0.75 6 0.6 0.4
Excavation for foundation trench in
normal soil
a) Up to 1m depth M3 DL=2 0.30 2.4 0.24 0.15
b) Ditto but up to 2m depth M3 DL=2 0.18 1.44 0.14 0.09
c) Ditto but up to 4m depth M3 DL=3 0.15 1.2 0.12 0.08
Excavation in rock up to one meter
depth
a) Weathered or soft rock M3 DL=2 0.12 0.96 0.10 0.06
b) Loose rock M3 Semi skilled=1 0.08 0.64 0.06 0.04
DL=1
a) Hard & sound rock M3 Semi skilled=1 0.03 0.24 0.02 0.015
DL=1
Hard coring M2 Mason = 1 1.7 13.6 1.36 1.85
DL=1
Rubble stone foundation (wall) M3 Mason = 1 0.25 2 0.2 0.12
below ground level DL=4
Stone masonry above ground level M3 Mason = 2 0.23 1.84 0.18 0.12
up to 1.5mts height DL=4
Dressed stone wall (both side) M2 Mason = 2 0.15 1.2 0.12 0.08
Chiseler = 1
DL=4
Hollow concrete block wall M2 Mason = 1 0.90 7.2 0.72 0.45
(20x20x40) both sides left for DL=2
plastering
Brick wall 25cm thick both sides left M2 Mason = 1 0.40 3.2 0.30 0.20
for plastering DL=2
Brick wall 12cm thick both sides left M2 Mason = 1 0.60 4.8 0.48 0.3
for plastering DL=2
Facing brick wall, 25cm thick M2 Mason = 1 0.30 2.4 0.24 0.15
DL=2
Formwork in zigba for column upto M2 Carpenter=1 0.60 4.2 0.48 0.30
3m high Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Formwork in zigba for ground beam M2 Carpenter=1 0.65 5.20 0.52 0.32
Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Average production rate/hour

Types of Activities Unit Labor Highland Per Lowland Arid
composition area 8hrs area area
Formwork in zigba for slabs M2 Carpenter=1 0.60 4.8 0.48 0.30
Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Formwork in steel panel for slabs M2 Carpenter=1 1.00 8 0.80 0.50
Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Cutting, bending and placing Kg Barbender=1 10.00 80 8.00 5.00
DL=2
Zigba truss fabrication 12m span pcs Carpenter=1 1.00/day 0.8/day 0.5/day
with section 5x18cm Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Eucalyptus truss fabrication 8-12m pcs Carpenter=1 2.00/day 1.6/day 1.0/day
span Ø10-12cm Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Eucalyptus truss fabrication 8-12m pcs Carpenter=1 2.50/day 2.0/day 1.0/day
span Ø10-12cm Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Mounting of wooden truss with span pcs Carpenter=1 8.0/day 6.0/day 4.0/day
ranging 8-12m Ass. Carp =1
DL=4
Roof cover in G-28 C.I.S. M2 Carpenter=1 3 24 2.4 1.5
Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Roof cover in EGA sheet M2 Carpenter=1 4 32 3 2
Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Roof cover in corrugated asbestos M2 Carpenter=1 2.5 20 2 1.25
sheet Ass. Carp =1
DL=2
Chip wood ceiling with batten M2 Carpenter=1 0.50 4 0.40 0.20
Ass. Carp =1
DL=1
Asbestos ceiling with batten M2 Carpenter=1 0.40 3.2 0.3 0.2
Ass. Carp =1
DL=1
Ribbed sheet ceiling including M2 Carpenter=1 0.60 4.8 0.48 0.30
Ass. Carp =1
DL=1
Hammering on concrete surface M2 Chisler =1 0.72 5.76 0.58 0.35
Plastering on wall (three coats) M2 Plast. =1 0.80 6.4 0.60 0.40
DL= 1
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

Average production rate/hour

Types of Activities Unit Labor Highland Per Lowland Arid
composition area 8hrs area area
Pointing on HCB wall M2 Plast. =1 2.00 16 1.6 1.00
Chisler=1
DL=1
Tyrolin rendering M2 Plast. =1 2.50 20 2.0 1.25
DL = 1
Screed flooring –with out M2 Plast. =2 1.50 12 1.20 0.75
DL = 2
Granillia tiles flooring expansion M2 Mason = 1 1.25 10 1.00 0.63
joint DL = 2
Plastic tiles flooring M2 Tiler = 1 2.00 16 1.6 1.00
DL = 2
Timber skirting 10cm high Ml Carpenter = 1 3.75 30 3.0 1.90
DL = 1
Granilia (cement) tiles skirting Ml Mason = 1 2.50 20 2.0 1.25
DL=1
Chisler=1
Semi-dressed stone pavement with M2 Mason = 1 1.00 8 0.80 0.50
sand bed and mortar joints DL = 2
Plastic skirting Ml Tiler = 2 4.00 32 3.00 2.00
DL = 1
Ceramic wall tiles laying M2 Mason(tiler)=1 0.40 3.2 0.30 0.20
DL = 1
Two coats oil paint M2 Painter = 1 1.25 10 1.0 0.60
Plastic paint to wall (3 coats) M2 Painter = 1 2.00 16 1.60 1.00
Plastic paint to ceiling M2 Painter = 1 1.50 12 1.2 0.75
Glazing (3mm thick) M2 Glazer = 1 1.00 8 0.80 0.50
DL = 1
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

LABOR IN PUT AND PRODUCTION RATE FOR THE PRODUCTION AND CASTING
OF CONCRETE WORKS
Location of Labor classification Number of laborers
work With one With one With one
mixer 2 mixer 2 mixer 2
vibrators vibrators & 1 vibrators & 1
dumper fixed crane
Mixing area Machine operator 1 2 2
Laborer for cement delivery 2 2 2
Laborer for sand gauge 4 4 4
Laborer for gravel gauge 8 8 8
Laborer for water supply 1 1 1

Laborer for loading mixed

6 - -
fresh concrete
Casting area Carpenter 1 1 1
Carpenter helper 1 1 1
Vibrator operator 2 2 2
Mason helper 2 2 2
Bar bender 1 1 1
Bar bender helper 1 1 1
Laborer for conveying
concrete mix 14 4 -

Bucket opener & conveyors - - 8

Gang leader 1 1 1
Total 45 30 34
Footing & slabs 20 25 35
Production
per day (m ) Beams
3 14 16 24
Columns 6 8 10
Note: Dire Dawa and other similar regions production would be 80% of the A.A.
figures/above
For Assab and other arid areas production would be 50% of the A.A. figures/above.
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

For one bag of cement

Minimum slump – 30mm
Maximum slump – 60mm

Concrete
Materials No. of Size of boxes
grade
Sand 4 - 40x50x20
C5 Crushed aggregate 6 – 40x50x20
Water
Sand 3 - 40x50x18
C10 Crushed aggregate 6 – 40x50x18
Water 50lts
Sand 2 - 40x50x20
C15 Crushed aggregate 4 – 40x50x20
Water 40lts
Sand 2 - 40x50x20
C20 Crushed aggregate 3 – 40x50x20
Water 34lts
Sand 2 - 40x50x18
C25 Crushed aggregate 3 – 40x50x18
Water 31lts
Sand 2 - 40x50x16
C30 Crushed aggregate 3 – 40x50x16
Water 29lts

Notes
1. The volume of water given is for surface dry aggregates. The actual
volume will be smaller or higher depending on the condition of the
aggregates.
Adjustments should be made based on the slump.
2. Concrete grades C25 and C30 requires class II workshop i.e. mixers,
vibrators and qualified supervisors.
 COST ESTIMATION AND UNIT RATE ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING July, 2019

CALCULATING UNIT PRICE

Example 1
For concrete mix 1:2:4 proportion

Particulars Quantity Rate Cost

Material + Transport
Cement 275kg 46.55Birr/Qtl 128.01
Sand 0.39m3 90.00Birr/m3 35.10
Gravel 0.78m3 80.00Birr/m3 62.40
Water 100lit 1.0Birr/1000lts 0.10
Total 225.51
Labor

Mason (1M) 5.33hr/m 3

30.00/8hr 19.99
Daily labor (6DL)5.33hr/m 3
6.00/8hr 23.99

Total 43.98

Total Material + Transport & Labor 269.49

Over head cost 5-10%: take 7% 18.86
Profit 6-8%: take 8% 21.56
Unit price for one m3 concrete 1:2:4 Proportion at Kazanchis site 309.91