LYMPHOID TISSUE LYMPHOID TISSUE Objectives: By the end of the lecture, the student should describe the microscopic structure of the following organs in correlation with their functions: 1- Lymph nodes. 2- Spleen. 3- Tonsils. COLOR CODING: 4- Thymus. IMPORTANT Information might help you :
* Lymph : a pale fluid that contains white blood
cells and that passes through channels in the body and helps to keep bodily tissues healthy * How does the Lymph form ? The lymph is formed when the interstitial fluid is collected through lymph capillaries. * Lymph sinuses : Channels which allows the free movement of lymphatic fluid Lymphoid Tissue
Diffuse lymphoid Encapsulated
tissue lymphoid organs (free not in organs)
Lymph nodes Spleen Tonsils Thymus
NOTES: • red bone marrow and thymus are considered 1ry lymphoid organs. • Bone marrow is a part of lymphoid system because it can make lymphocytes . • B lymphocyte is active , T lymphocytes are immunincompetant . • Lymph nodes work as filters . LYMPH NODES Functions: B cells are the major component Production of immunocompetent cells. Cortex of L.N Filtration of lymph. Lymphatic nodules (follicles): 1ry: without germinal center (not active) (A)Stroma: 2ry: with germinal center: Lighter (active) Capsule Cortical lymph sinuses. (sinuses are like capillaries Trabeculae (septa) (drape like) without blood) Reticular C.T(grid like)
(B) Parenchyma : Paracortex of L.N
It is the thymus-dependent zone of L.N. (lymphoid tissue + lymph sinuses) It is composed mostly of T-lymphocytes.
Medulla of L.N Medullary cords: are formed of lymphoid cells (B & T lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages).
Medullary lymph sinuses.
SPLEEN Functions of spleen: A. Stroma: Filtration of blood. Capsule. (made of connective tissue) Phagocytosis of old RBCs & old blood Trabeculae. Reticular C.T. platelets & invading microorganisms. Production & proliferation of B. PARENCHYMA: immunocompetent B & T lymphocytes. White pulp. Production of antibodies. RED PULP.
N.B. No cortex, No medulla, No lymph sinuses
TONSILS Functions: Palatine Tonsils Production of antibodies. Structure: Epithelium: Types of tonsils: non-keratinized stratified squamous. Palatine Tonsils. Tonsilar crypts. Lymphatic nodules. Pharyngeal Tonsil. Capsule: partial. Lingual Tonsils. Note: Nose lymph infection will cause adenoids THYMUS Functions: Cortex of Thymic Lobule: Maturation of T lymphocytes. It contains developing (immature) T-lymphocytes (thymocytes). (Immunoincompetent T cells → Immunocompetent 98% of thymocytes die T cells). Epithelial reticular cells (A) Stroma: Macrophages.(phagocytosis) *No lymphatic nodules , No plasma cells , No B-lymphocytes Capsule Interlobular trabeculae: incomplete Medulla of Thymic Lobule: 1. Hassall’s (thymic) corpuscles : Concentrically arranged epithelial reticular (B) Thymic lobule : cells in the medulla. ( in medulla only) 2. Mature small T lymphocytes 3. Macrophages. Cortex 4. Epithelial reticular cells. Medulla NOTES: *Medulla of adjacent thymic lobules are *No B cells interconnected - Why? Incomplete trabeculae *Medulla has activated cells *ERC are unique because: General notes: Base for cells (like net) No lymphoid nodules , No reticular fibers, No sinuses or sinusoids Secretes factors that stimulates T cell maturation Clinical Applications Rupture of the Spleen Palpable lymph node
Spleen is a fragile or friable organ, so major The presence of antigen or bacteria leads to rapid trauma to the upper left abdominal quadrant proliferation of lymphocytes of the lymph node usually leads to rupture of the spleen. (L.N), leading to increase of L.N. to several times Surgical removal of that ruptured spleen is of its normal size, so the L.N. becomes enlarged essential. and palpable to the touch. THANK YOU ! Histology team members : Team Leaders : Rana Barasain Reema AlOtaibi Reema AlBarrak Faisal AlRabaii Shahad AL Anzan Doaa Abdulfattah Contact us on Ghadah Al Muhanna HistologyTeam436@gmail.com Amal Al Qarni Wateen Al Hamoud Weam Babaier Ahmed Badahdah Mutasem Alhasani Nassir Abodjain Nawaf Aldarweesh Mohammed Tawfiq
