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Ex. No. 13 Observing The Characters of Hymenoptera
Ex. No. 13 Observing The Characters of Hymenoptera
ENTOMOLOGY (2+1)
Family BETHYLIDAE:
• Ant like, black coloured wasps-Females of
many species - wingless
• Goniozus nephantidis: Specific larval parasite
on coconut BHC
Family CHALCIDIDAE:
• Small to medium sized insects
• Hind coxae -five to six times larger than fore
coxae
• Hind tibial spurs -larger than mid tibial spurs
• Ovipositor- short and straight
• Eg. Brachymeria sp. -pupal parasite on
coconut BHC
Sub-Order APOCRITA
Family EULOPHIDAE:
• Minute pupal parasites
• Fore wing-narrower with
pubescence on wing lamina-Hairs-
not arranged in rows
• Ovipositor-present at tip of
abdomen
• Eg. Tetrastichus israeli: Gregarious
pupal parasite -control of coconut
BHC
Sub-Order APOCRITA
Family TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE:
• Very tiny insects (0.3 to 1.0 mm long)-
Tarsus-3 to 4 segmented
• Fore wing-broad with pubescence
(microscopic hairs) in rows
• Hind wings-reduced and fringed with
hairs along margins
• Egg parasites on lepidopteran insects
Eg. Trichogramma sp. -biological control of
sugarcane moth borers
Sub-Order APOCRITA
Family EVANIIDAE: (Ensign wasps)
• Petiole- long and abrupt
• Gaster- short, compressed and
attached to propodeum by slender
petiole- carried almost like a flag
• Parasitic on ootheca of cockroaches
Sub-Order APOCRITA
Family ENCYRTIDAE:
(Encyrtid wasp)
• Small insect 1-2mm in
length
• Mesopleuron- small and
concave
• Egg parasitoid
• Polyembryony
• Example: Encarsia formosa
on green house whitefly and
Leptomastis dactylopia on
Planococcus citri
Sub-Order APOCRITA
Family AGAONIDAE: (Fig wasp)
• Male- apterous and female -winged
• Female- long ovipositor
• Forelegs and hindlegs- stout, Middle legs- slender
• Live inside fig receptacles and pollinate and fractify flowers.
• Eg. Blastophaga pesenes develops in the capri fig (wild) and
pollinates Smyrna fig (edible cultivated fig)
Sub-Order APOCRITA
Family VESPIDAE: (Yellow jackets,
hornets)
• Abdomen -conical
• Construct nest with ‘wasp paper’ a
substance made from fragments of
chewed wood mixed with saliva
• Solitary or social wasps
• Generally predaceous on
Lepidopteran caterpillars-paralyze
caterpillars -store in cells of nests-
• Eg. Yellow banded wasp Vespa
cincta- a bee enemy
Sub-Order APOCRITA