The document describes an assignment to read temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor connected to an Arduino board and trigger LED alerts if the temperature exceeds 26 degrees Celsius. The objectives are to demonstrate the connectivity of the temperature sensor to the Arduino and implement a program where high temperature is indicated by LEDs. The hardware used is a MicroATmega328 microcontroller development board and the software is Arduino IDE. The theory section provides an overview of the Arduino platform and ATmega328 microcontroller. The code reads the temperature, compares it to the threshold, and uses digitalWrite() to control LEDs if needed.
The document describes an assignment to read temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor connected to an Arduino board and trigger LED alerts if the temperature exceeds 26 degrees Celsius. The objectives are to demonstrate the connectivity of the temperature sensor to the Arduino and implement a program where high temperature is indicated by LEDs. The hardware used is a MicroATmega328 microcontroller development board and the software is Arduino IDE. The theory section provides an overview of the Arduino platform and ATmega328 microcontroller. The code reads the temperature, compares it to the threshold, and uses digitalWrite() to control LEDs if needed.
The document describes an assignment to read temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor connected to an Arduino board and trigger LED alerts if the temperature exceeds 26 degrees Celsius. The objectives are to demonstrate the connectivity of the temperature sensor to the Arduino and implement a program where high temperature is indicated by LEDs. The hardware used is a MicroATmega328 microcontroller development board and the software is Arduino IDE. The theory section provides an overview of the Arduino platform and ATmega328 microcontroller. The code reads the temperature, compares it to the threshold, and uses digitalWrite() to control LEDs if needed.
The document describes an assignment to read temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor connected to an Arduino board and trigger LED alerts if the temperature exceeds 26 degrees Celsius. The objectives are to demonstrate the connectivity of the temperature sensor to the Arduino and implement a program where high temperature is indicated by LEDs. The hardware used is a MicroATmega328 microcontroller development board and the software is Arduino IDE. The theory section provides an overview of the Arduino platform and ATmega328 microcontroller. The code reads the temperature, compares it to the threshold, and uses digitalWrite() to control LEDs if needed.
Title: Understanding the connectivity of Raspbeery pi/Adurnio board circuit with temperature sensor. Write an application to read the environment temperature. If temperature crosses a threshold value, generate alerts using LEDs.
Objectives:
- To demonstrate connectivity of temperature sensor LM35 and Arduino board
- To implement a program in which temperature beyond 26 degree Celsius would be indicated by LED.
Outcomes:
Temperature is observed using temperature sensor and display the result on serial monitor.
Hardware : MicroATmega328 Microcontroller development Board.
Software: Arduino IDE
Theory:
Introduction To Arduino
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board. Accepts analog and digital signals as input and gives desired output.
MicroATmega328-ATmega328 Microcontroller Development Board
The MicroATmega328 is a Arduino compatible Hardware Development Platform from
MicroEmbedded Technologies. It is a full featured board for the beginner as well as the expert user who is accustomed to the Arduino platform and or the ATmega series microcontroller development. The MicroATmega328 development board retains all the features of the Arduino Uno board and adds to it additional interfaces like the 16x2 character LCD, on-board LED’s, USB-to-Serial adaptors, 16 key keypad arranged in 4x4 matrix circuit, on-board Temperature sensor, I2C interface Real Time Clock, external interrupt, Stepper Motor / DC Motor, SPI based flash programming interface, dual power source, header for accelerometer and also a Arduino Uno board compatible Header to interface the easily available Arduino Shield boards. All these features make the MicroAtmega328 a very versatile and a more robust educational tool for the learner as well as the trainer.
Figure 1 Block Diagram of the MicroATmega328 Board
The ATmega328 is a high-performance 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller. It combines 32KB
ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1KB EEPROM, 2KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter, programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts.
The ATmega328 AVR Microcontroller
Figure 2 ATmega328 AVR Microcontroller
Hardware: Functional Description and Interfacing
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device which emits light at a very low power. They are highly efficient devices and require very low current in order to operate. A voltage of 5v and current of 10mA is enough to turn the LED on. The LED has a positive side called the Anode and a negative side called the Cathode. The current must flow from the Anode to Cathode for the LED to turn on. On the MicroATmega328 board there are 4 LEDs. The LED’s are connected in the common cathode method, i.e. all the cathodes are connected together and grounded. The individual Anodes are connected to the individual Pins of the microcontroller. To turn the LED “ON” the user has to program the port pin to “HIGH” i.e.”1”. Note: switch SW20 must be in position 2-3 to operate the LED’s. Figure 3 LED
Table 1 LED Interfacing Details
LED Device ATmega328 Pin Arduino Pin Description LED1 PB2 10 Common Cathode LED LED2 PB3 11 Common Cathode LED LED3 PB4 12 Common Cathode LED LED4 PB5 13 Common Cathode LED
LM35 Temperature Sensor.
The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an electrical output proportional to the temperature (in oC), i.e. it generates a electrical voltage which is proportional to temperature. The LM35 does not require any calibration or trimming. The LM35 gives a linear output of 10 mV per degree Centigrade (10mV/ oC) change in temperature. It operated from -55 oC to 155 oC temperature range. Note: To use the LM35 temperature sensor on the MicroATmega328 board the switch SW23 must be connected in position 1-2.
• To open an existing sketch File -> open -> • There are some basic ready-to-use sketches available in the EXAMPLES section • File -> Examples -> select any program • Program coded in Arduino IDE is called a SKETCH 2. Verify: Checks the code for compilation errors 3. Upload: Uploads the final code to the controller board 4. New: Creates a new blank sketch with basic structure 5. Open: Opens an existing sketch 6. Save: Saves the current sketch
Serial Monitor: Opens the serial console
All the data printed to the console are displayed here Figure 5 Structure of Sketch
A sketch can be divided into two parts:
Setup () Loop() The function setup() is the point where the code starts, just like the main() function in C and C++ I/O Variables, pin modes are initialized in the Setup() function Loop() function, as the name suggests, iterates the specified task in the program DATA TYPES: Void ,Long, Int ,Char ,Boolean, Unsigned char ,Byte, Unsigned int, Word ,Unsigned long ,Float, Double, Array ,String-char array, String-object, Short Arduino Function libraries Input/Output Functions: The arduino pins can be configured to act as input or output pins using the pinMode() function Void setup () { pinMode (pin , mode); } Pin- pin number on the Arduino board Mode- INPUT/OUTPUT digitalWrite() : Writes a HIGH or LOW value to a digital pin analogRead() : Reads from the analog input pin i.e., voltage applied across the pin Character functions such as isdigit(), isalpha(), isalnum(), isxdigit(), islower(), isupper(), isspace() return 1(true) or 0(false) Delay() function is one of the most common time manipulation function used to provide a delay of specified time. It accepts integer value (time in miliseconds)
Program
Write down code which we have implemented in practical and paste screenshot which we have done in practical.
