PRACTICE TEST

A.LISTENING
I. Listen to a lecture about the History of Leisure in twentieth century America. Choose the correct answers.
1.In 1921, people had about __________ leisure time than they had in 1901.
A. 10 hours more B. 10 hours less C. 4 hours less D. 4 hours more
2 The groups which had more leisure time were predominantly...
A. male and female middle and working class.
B. male middle class, working class and immigrants.
C. male and female working class and immigrants.
D. female middle class, working class and immigrants.
3 Reading, needlecraft and music…
A. became popular pursuits in the period 1901-1921.
B. were popular in middle class families in the 1800s.
C. were forms of ‘commercial’ recreation
D. were regarded as immoral by religious groups.
4 Traditional organisations ____ commercial recreation.
A. Supervised B. founded C. disapproved of D. encouraged
5 Commercial recreation venues were forced to…
A. close down B. obtain licences C. close during the vacations D. offer alternative
entertainment
6 Schools and churches responded by…
A.preaching against commercial recreation. B. offering morally acceptable alternatives.
B. putting on their own shows and fairs. D. adopting a less moral stance.
7 The new voluntary organisations of this era…
A. were mostly geared towards boys and men.
B. included groups for both children and adults.
C. were run as extra-curricular school activities.
D. were all founded by religious groups.
8 The Playground Association of America…
A. believed that children needed unsupervised time away from adults.
B. was set up to ensure that playgrounds were safe for children.
C. argued that voluntary organisations reduced children’s opportunities for outdoor play.
D. trained adults in how to lead children in constructive play.
Part
B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
I.Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1.The more expensive carpet is a good choice_________ it .will last longer.
A. by means of B. due to C. in that D. in view of
2.In the ……..of security, personnel must wear their identity badges at all
times.
A requirement B assistance C demands D interests
3.Many educators seem convinced students would respond favorably, to a
change in the system.
A. what B. the fact that C. that D. whatever
4. ..........students wanted to go right into the workplace after graduation would choose the vocational track.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whomever 1
5.He____.......us on the last day of the congress so his presence at the opening ceremony was something of a
surprise.
A. must have joined B. was to join C. had to join D. should join
6.In fact the criminals ........... in because the front door was wide open and so they just walked in. I
A. needn’t have broken B. didn’t need break
C.didn’t need to break D. needn’t to have broken
7.People whose main concern is .............may eventually develop some serious health problems.
A. not to.be overfed B. not to be overfeeding
C.not to overfed D. not overfeeding
8. . I have never expected to experience such (a)n……………….journey.
A. arduous B. ambiguous C. evasive D. insufferable
9.Most critics agree that rather little .............done by the artist after his illness has any great-value.
A.of what was B. of that was C. of that what was D. which has been
10.I recommend that Miriam...................... a boarding school. She'd be much more challenged academically.
A. attends B. attend C. is attending D. were attending
11.What a coincidence this is! It’s so strange that you ....................be staying in thesame hotel as us.
A. should B. must C. ought to D. can
12.Experts are ....................into the cause of the explosion.
A. seeking B. researching c. inquiring D. investigating
13.His English was roughly.....................with my Greek, so communication was
rather difficult!
A. levelled B. on a par C. equal D. in tune
14.After she had made several disastrous decisions, people began.to...........................her judgement.
A. disbelieve B. suspedt c. wonder D. question
15.If you want to have a good flat in London, you have to. pay through the ............. for.it.
A. mouth. B. eye c. nose . D. head
16. I was out-of___________with you on this matter, but let’s not quarrel about it.
A. empathy B. harmony c. keeping D. sympathy
17. Eventually, a passer-by........................and asked her what-her problem was.
A. put her out of his misery. . B. was charitable towards
c. took pity on her D. threw hims.elf on her mercy
18.A; ‘Oh, I’m exhausted! I’ve been doing homework all day."
B: ‘Come and put your ..............up for 5 minutes and I’ll make you a cup of tea.’
A. hands B. hair C. heart D. feet
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
1.Rather than force extralegal markets to adjust to a new, foreign system of property titling, reformers should
focus on codifying the existing system wherever it is practical to do so.
A. systematizing B. cataloguing C. organizing D. classifying
2.Some newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth just to impress readers with sensational
news stories.
A. gathering personal information B. making changes to facts
C. providing reliable data D. examining factual data

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each the following questions.
3.The primary challenge, for cancer surgeons is to completely excise the tumor without harming healthy tissue.
A. treat B. remove C. keep D. change
4.Don’t feel stupid. Yes, you thought this worthless replica was a valuable work of art. But it even fooled a lot of
experts. It certainly looked like the real thing!
A. a dishonest act . B. something genuine '
C. something valuable D. an imitation
Mark the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

1: Ann and Matthew are talking about the effects of global warming.
- Ann: “Does the global warming worry you?”
- Matthew: “_______”
A. What a shame! B. Oh, it’s hotter and hotter.
C. I can’t bear to think about it. D. I don’t like hot weather.
2. - Are you going to the volleyball match? - _____
A. You bet! B. I do. C. Yes, please. D. That’s alright.

II. WORD FORM

Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following passage. Write your answer in the
box provided. (5 pts.)
Mount Mulanje in Malawi is the highest mountain in (1. CENTRE) ______________Africa, part of a range
which comprises no fewer than twenty peaks over 2,500 meters. The range is readily (2. ACCESS)
______________by road and a day’s drive allow a (3. LEISURE) ______________ circumnavigation. More
energetic visitors, particularly walkers and climbers, are rewarded with an experience that is (4.FORGET)
______________.
Mulanje is a (5. BREATH) ______________ sight, visible for miles around. The giant slab of rock appears to
protrude almost vertically from the plain. This impression is borne out by the existence of the longest sheer rock-
face in Africa, demanding for even the most skilled (6. MOUNTAIN) ______________. The explanation for this
dramatic geography lies in the rock: hard granite, very (7. RESIST) ______________to erosion, which contrasts
with the softer rocks of the plains.
Most visitors remain on the lower, gentler slopes, making use of forest huts for overnight accommodation. The
trek up the foothills, along clearly defined paths, is not (8. OVER) ______________overly challenging but may
take up to a week. As the climate cools gradually, almost (9. PERCEPTIBLE) ______________, with every few
meters of altitude gained, so the full diversity of fauna and flora is revealed in all its (10. SPLENDID)
______________.

III. There are 10 errors in the following passage. Identify and correct them.
Most obviously, those exposing to weekly general music classes or private instrumental or vocal lessons
will find an outlet for their creativity and selfexpression. Therefore, a closer, more scientific look at music will
show that the advantages are indeed much greater than just increased creativity.
Research has showed that learning a musical instrument and merely learning how to read music assists a
child in developing higher thinking skill, such as problem-solving and problem-finding, analysis, and evaluation.
A child who learns to understand the aspects of reading music, including notation, key signatures, and other
items found on a piece of music as well as the child who develops the ability following the sequence of notes, is
using the same portion of the brain that is- used in mathematics thinking. Gifted musicians, it’s reported, are
often gifted mathematicians as well.
Those who study music diligently also develop self-discipline. The serious music student who sets up time
to practice each day will develop similar positive habits in other subjects. Organizational skills are better, grades
are higher, and children learn what it takes to excel at something.
Participate in group musical activities builds teamwork, and students learn that working together as a group
is essential to the production of a good finishing product They learn to rely on others and to be relied upon.
Teamwork also promotes responsibility; i.e. if you’re the only trumpet in the band, you need to show up for
rehearsing no matter what! They’ll also come to understand that music is the threat that binds them together with
the world, as click as it may sound. Music is indeed the universal language but it also helps children to learn
about cultural heritage, their own as well as others, and gives them an insight into history.

C. READING
I.Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word
ENJOY THE BENEFITS OF STRESS!
Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according to some experts. They argue that
the stress encountered in our daily lives is not only good for us, but essential to survival. They say that the
response to (1)................. which creates achemical called adrenalin, helps the mind and body to act
quickly(2)...............emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions which exist on
the planet.
Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life, what is surprising is that we are yet to develop
successful ways .of dealing with. them. (3)......................the experts consider the current strategies to be
inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that (4)................of trying to manage our response to stress with
drugs or relaxation techniques, we must exploit if. Apparently, research shows that people (5) .......................
create conditions of stress for (6) .....................by doing exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope
much better-with life's problems. Activities of this type have been shown to create a lot of emotion; people, may
actually cry or feel extremely uncomfortable. But there is a point (7)..................which they realise they have
succeeded and know that it was a positive experience. This is because we learn through challenge and difficulty.
That's (8) ....................we get our wisdom. Few of us, unfortunately, understand this fact. For example,
many people believe they (9)......................from stress at work, and take time off as a result. Yet it has been
found in some companies that by far (10)..................healthiest people are those with the most responsibility. So
next time you're in a stressful situation, just remember that it will be a positive learning experience and could
also benefit your health!

II. Read the passage carefully and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that best fits each space.
HOW TO CONCENTRATE
Concentration is good in exams, bad in orange juice. Concentration happens when you manage to focus
on one thing to the (1)..............of all others, and concentrating on that one thing (2)............you to stop worrying
about,a lot of other things. Sometimes, of course, your mind concentrates when you don’t want it to. Maybe you
can’t get something out of your head, such as a problem you have to (3).............. up to, or an embarrassing
situation you’ve been in.
That’s why collecting things as a hobby is popular; it (4)...........your mind off other things, indeed, some
people seem to prefer looking after and cataloguing their collections to actually doing anything with them,
because this is when the (5).............. single-minded concentration happens.
The natural span for concentration is 45 minutes. That’s why half an hour for a television programme
seems too short whilst an hour seems too long. But many people’s lives are (6)...............of concentration.
Modern culture is served up in small, (7)...........digestible chunks that require only a short (8).............span -
although young people can concentrate on computer games for days at a (9)............... Sticking out the tongue can
aid concentration. This is because you can’t (10)............yourself with talking at the same time and other people
won’t dare to interrupt your thoughts, because you look like an idiot!

1. A. removal B. exclusion C. omission D. rejection

2. A. lets B. means C.makes D. allows
3. A. face B.confront C.tackle D. meet
4. A. brings B. puts C. holds. D. takes.
5.. A.'arresting. B. gripping C. absorbing D. enthralling
6 . A. absent B. devoid C. lacking D. deficient
7 . A. gently B.plainly . C. surely D. easily -
8 . A. attention B.application C. consideration D. contemplation
9. A.length B. stroke C. time . D. sequence
10. A. sidestep B.distract C. sidetrack D. disturb

IV. Questions 28-36. The text has nine paragraphs, A-I.

Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 117 has seven paragraphs, A—G.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B—G from the list of headings below.

List of Headings Example Answer

Paragraph A v
i The biological clock 27 Paragraph B
ii Why dying is beneficial 28 Paragraph C
iii The ageing process of men and women 29 Paragraph D
iv Prolonging your life 30 Paragraph E
v Limitations of life span 31 Paragraph F
vi Modes of development of different species 32 Paragraph G
vii A stable life span despite improvements
viii Energy consumption
ix Fundamental differences in ageing of objects and
organisms
x Repair of genetic material
HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?
A Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as 'biologically' obvious. 'Nothing lives for ever!' However,
in this statement we think of artificially produced, technical objects, products which are subjected to natural wear
and tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time or other the object stops working and is unusable
('death' in the biological sense). But are the wear and tear and loss of function of technical objects and the death
of living organisms really similar or comparable.
B Our 'dead' products are 'static', closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes the object and
which, in the natural course of things, is wom down and becomes 'older'. Ageing in this case must occur
according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics. Although the same law holds for a living
organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way. At least as long as a biological system has the
ability to renew itself it could actually become older without ageing; an organism is an open, dynamic system
through which new material continuously flows. Destruction of old material and formation of new material are
thus in permanent dynamic equilibrium. The material of which the organism is formed changes continuously.
Thus our bodies continuously exchange old substance for new, just like a spring which more or less maintains its
form and movement, but in which the water molecules are always different.

C Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many
mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system to age and die. Nevertheless, a
restricted life span, ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life. The reason for this is easy to
recognise: in nature, the existent organisms either adapt or are regularly replaced by new types. Because of
changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual
lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions. Immortality would disturb
this system — it needs room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution.

D Every organism has a life span which is highly characteristic. There are striking differences in life span
between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant. For example, the average
duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years. Although more and more people attain an
advanced age as a result of developments in medical care and better nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for
most remains 80 years. A further argument against the simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the
time within which organisms age lies between a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and
several thousand years, as with mammoth trees.
E If a life span is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to propose the
existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the ageing process and which finally
determines death as the last step in a fixed programme. Like the life span, the metabolic rate has for different
organisms a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass. In comparison to the life span this relationship is
'inverted': the larger the organism the lower its metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not only for birds,
but also, similarly on average within the systematic unit, for all other organisms (plants, animals, unicellular
organisms).

F Animals which behave 'frugally' with energy become particularly old, for example, crocodiles and tortoises.
Parrots and birds of prey are often held chained up. Thus they are not able to 'experience life' and so they attain a
high life span in captivity. Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live
much longer than those which are always active. The metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by a very low
consumption of food (hunger diet). They then may live twice as long as their well fed comrades. Women become
distinctly (about 10 per cent) older than men. If you examine the metabolic rates of the two sexes you establish
that the higher male metabolic rate roughly accounts for the lower male life span. That means that they live life
'energetically' — more intensively, but not for as long.

G It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life. Extreme high
performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quite certainly do not prolong life.
Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in general an equable and balanced personality.
Each of as can develop his or her own 'energy saving programme' with a little self-observation, critical self-
control and, above all, logical consistency. Experience will show that to live in this way not only increases the
life span but is also very healthy. This final aspect should not be forgotten.
Questions 33-36
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.

• Objects age in accordance with principles of 33 ....................... and of 34 ...................................

• Through mutations, organisms can 35 ...................... better to the environment
• 36 ..................... would pose a serious problem for the theory of evolution
Questions 37-40
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet, write:

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

37 The wear and tear theory applies to both artificial objects and biological systems.
38 In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.
39 Within seven years, about 90 per cent of a human body is replaced as new.
40 Conserving energy may help to extend a human's life.
Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such way that their meanings remain unchanged.
1. It was only when the film had ended that I remembered to switch off the oven.
Not...........................................................................................................................................
2. They think the manuscript was written by a fourteenth century scholar. (ATTRIBUTED) -
The manuscript.......................................................................................................................
3.It was hard not to start laughing when she started to sing. (FACE)
It was hard...........................................................................................................................
4.My grandmother would always make us eat everything on our plates when we visited her. WASTE
Nothing we were given to eat....................................................................
5. It won’t hurt to tell your boss how you feel. (LOSE)
You have......................................