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    Fluid Mechanics 4

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    regmis150
    This experiment aims to determine the dynamic force exerted by a fluid jet on a stationary plate. The force is calculated using the momentum equation and depends on factors like density, flow rate, and velocity. Measurements are taken for different vane angles placed in the jet, with the theoretical force calculated using a head loss coefficient K that depends on the vane angle. The percent error between theoretical and experimental forces is then analyzed to study the effect of vane angle and sources of error.

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    Fluid Mechanics 4

    Uploaded by

    regmis150
    8 views3 pages
    This experiment aims to determine the dynamic force exerted by a fluid jet on a stationary plate. The force is calculated using the momentum equation and depends on factors like density, flow rate, and velocity. Measurements are taken for different vane angles placed in the jet, with the theoretical force calculated using a head loss coefficient K that depends on the vane angle. The percent error between theoretical and experimental forces is then analyzed to study the effect of vane angle and sources of error.

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    This experiment aims to determine the dynamic force exerted by a fluid jet on a stationary plate. The force is calculated using the momentum equation and depends on factors like density, flow rate, and velocity. Measurements are taken for different vane angles placed in the jet, with the theoretical force calculated using a head loss coefficient K that depends on the vane angle. The percent error between theoretical and experimental forces is then analyzed to study the effect of vane angle and sources of error.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    8 views3 pages

    Fluid Mechanics 4

    Uploaded by

    regmis150
    This experiment aims to determine the dynamic force exerted by a fluid jet on a stationary plate. The force is calculated using the momentum equation and depends on factors like density, flow rate, and velocity. Measurements are taken for different vane angles placed in the jet, with the theoretical force calculated using a head loss coefficient K that depends on the vane angle. The percent error between theoretical and experimental forces is then analyzed to study the effect of vane angle and sources of error.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    FLUID MECHANICS

    Experiment number 4

    Impact of jet (i.e., Force exerted by the jet on a plate)

    Objective: To determine the dynamic force exerted by the fluid jet on a stationary plate.

    Theory:

    The liquid comes out in the form of a jet from the outlet of a nozzle, fitted to a pipe through
    which the liquid is flowing under the pressure. If some plate (fixed or moving) is placed in the
    path of jet, a force is exerted by the jet on the plate. This force is obtained from newton’s law of
    motion or from impulse momentum equation. Hence the dynamic force exerted by the jet on the
    plate in the direction of the jet
    F = rate of change of momentum in the direction of force
    = (mass of liquid striking the surface / sec) x (Change in velocity normal to the surface)
    = (mass/sec) x (velocity of jet before striking - velocity of jet after striking)
    = ρ. V/t. (v – 0)
    = ρ. Q. v
    = ρ A v2
    Where, ρ = density of water (kg/m3)
    A = cross sectional area of flow (m2)
    v = flow velocity (m/s)
    The head loss coefficient due to impact of jet is accounted by introducing a constant K
    So, F= K. ρ.A.v2
    The value of K depends on the shape of the plates or vanes.
    Vane angle ,degree Head loss coefficient, K
    45 0.5
    120 1.0
    180 1.5
    Hemisphere 2.0

    Scope:
    Study of impact of jet enables one to calculate the forces essential for the analysis of flow
    through hydraulic machines (turbine, pumps, and other rotodynamic machines) and effect of
    flow on pipe bends.
    Procedure:
    1. Note the vane angle and balance the apparatus and adjust to obtain zero level of the
    indicator.
    2. Using the valve, carefully raise the flow through the nozzle. Once the level indicator rise to
    a certain height above the zero indicator, balance the jet force by adding mass.
    3. Determine the actual discharge by timing the mass of water collected in the bucket.
    4. Repeat steps 2 and 3, each time by increasing the flow rate
    5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 for different types of vane.

    Observation and Calculation:


    Jet Diameter = ……. mm, ……. m
    Jet Area = …….. m2
    Mass of Empty Bucket = …….. Kg.

    Balancing Actual force Mass of time, Discharge , Velocity Theoretical %


    S.N
    Mass (Kg) Fa, (N) water(kg) t(sec) Q (m3/s) v ,(m/s) force Fth, (N) error
    Vane Angle =…….. Vane Angle = ……..
    K= ……… K= ……..
    Vane Angle = ……
    K = ……..

    What are the effects of vane angles on difference between theoretical and experimental force?

    Discuss your findings including the sources of errors.

    Suggest ways to improve this experiment.

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