M 389 Content
M 389 Content
M 389 Content
This 3 PDH course includes spread sheets that can be used to calculate the: motor power required
to drive a centrifugal pump supplying liquids though: piping, fittings, and valves.
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By changing the value in the cell containing a numerical value >
Next type in the box, To value: [ ]
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Process engineering
Process engineering focuses on the design, operation and maintenance of chemical
Page 1engineering is often a synonym for
and other process manufacturing activities. Process
materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable
PUMPS forms and process engineering.
Process engineering
Process engineering focuses on the design, operation and maintenance of chemical
and other process manufacturing activities. Process engineering is often a synonym for
chemical engineering but process engineers are found in a vast range of industries,
such as the petrochemical, mineral processing,...
to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the
relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor
details such as piping details and designations. Another commonly-used term for a PFD
is a flow sheet.
The centrifugal pump above must be flooded before starting the driver motor. An
eccentric reducer at the pump suction flange prevents cavitation. Cavitation
includes air bubbles and severe turbulence that can damage the pump. The gate valve
between the pump and tank must not be used for throttling or controlling flow rate
but must be fully open for operation or fully closed for maintenance.
Page 2
PUMPS
Pump efficiencies typically range from about 50% to 80%. See (Systems).
1
Power that is not converted into kinetic energy is lost as heat.
2
3
4
5
6
The volute of a centrifugal pump is the casing that receives
the fluid being pumped by the impeller, slowing down the
fluid's rate of flow. A
volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it
approaches the discharge port.
The volute converts kinetic energy into pressure by
reducing speed while increasing pressure, helping to
balance the hydraulic pressure on the shaft of the pump.
The volute also plays a role in pump efficiency.
At specific speeds below 2000, its losses
range from 1 to 2.5% but losses can approach 10% at
speeds over 5000. Typically, volute design begins with
the throat, as its cross sectional area will determine the
flow velocity out of the volute.
Flow through the throat and
other portions of the casing follows the law of constant
angular momentum so the designer will try to avoid abrupt
changes its nearly circular geometry while gradually
increasing its volume. Another critical area of the
volute is the clearance between the outer circumference of
the impeller and that of the volute tongue or cutwater.
As this distance becomes larger, an
increasing volume of pumpage escapes entry into the
volute throat and is re-circulated into the volute case.
The smallest distance possible,
that does not give rise to pressure pulsations, will produce
the best efficiency. As a rule of thumb, 5 to 10%
of the impeller radius tends to be a safe value.
Pump efficiency decreases
when smaller impellers are installed in a pump because of
the increased amount of fluid that slips through the space
Page 3
that does not give rise to pressure pulsations, will produce
PUMPS
the best efficiency. As a rule of thumb, 5 to 10%
of the impeller radius tends to be a safe value.
Pump efficiency decreases
when smaller impellers are installed in a pump because of
the increased amount of fluid that slips through the space
between the tips of the impeller blades and the pump
casing.
AFFINITY LAWS
The affinity laws are used in hydraulics and
HVAC to express the relationship between variables involved in pump or fan performance
(such as head, volumetric flow rate, shaft speed, and power). They apply to pumps, fans,
and hydraulic turbines. In these rotary implements, the affinity laws apply both to
centrifugal and axial flows. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_laws
DISCLAIMER: The materials contained in the online course are not intended as a
representation or warranty on the part of PDH Center or any other person/organization
named herein. The materials are for general information only. They are not a substitute for
competent professional advice. Application of this information to a specific project should be
reviewed by a registered architect and/or professional engineer/surveyor. Anyone making
use of the information set forth herein does so at their own risk and assumes any and all
resulting liability arising therefrom.
END OF WORKSHEET
Page 4
PUMPS
``
Page 5
PUMPS
Page 6
PUMPS
Page 7
PIPING
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Piping_system_on_a_chemical_tanker.jpg
Conversion Factors
Input Units Output
10 gallons 1.337
10 gallons/min (gpm) 80.21
10 gallons/min (gpm) 0.0223
10 inches (in) 0.8333
10 pounds mass (lbs) 0.3106
10 US Barrels 420.0
10 feet water 4.33
10 inches mercury (in ) 4.90
Page 8
PIPING
= 1.9400 slugs/ft^3
Reynolds number, Re = D * V * ρM / µ
= 108,455 dimensionless
= 1.085E+05
Moody Diagram
Fluid flow when: Re
= 1.629 x 10^5 is turbulent as
indicated on the Moody diagram left.
www.engineeringtoolbox.com/moody-diagram-d_61...
Page 9
PIPING
PROBLEM - Transition Region Fluid Static Head Loss: Re is between 2,100 and 4000
Input
Fluid flow rate, q = 6.0 gpm
Pipe internal diameter, d = 4.000 in
Roughness, e = 0.0018 in
Length of straight pipe, L = 100 ft
Fluid viscosity, µ = 0.00002730 ft^2/sec
Fluid density, ρ = 62.47 lbs/ft^3
Page 10
PIPING
Page 11
PIPING
Page 12
PIPING
Number of fittings, ΣN = 20
Page 13
PIPING
Revise flow rate, pipe diameter until Re < 2,100 for laminar flow
Laminar Fluid Flow in Pipe Head Loss, f = 64 / Re
= 0.03175
Darcy Weisbach pressure head loss, hL = f * (L/D) * (V^2 / (2 * g)
is a function of Reynolds number only. = 0.000317 ft
Negligible
Page 14
PIPING
Output: ft 8
Pipe length feet, L = 32.81 ft 10
Pipe diameter inches, D = 1.969 in 12
Temperature Fahrenheit, T = 212 deg F 14
16
Pipe Section Properties (inch units) 18
See "PIPE & FITTINGS" tab below. Input 20
PIPE: SCH 40, Steel 24
Nominal Pipe Diameter, Dn = 8 in
Pipe (ID 1 to 12 in) or (OD 14 in and larger) dia, D = 8.000 in
Pipe wall thickness, w = 0.320 in
Pipe (ID 1 to 12 in) Output
Pipe internal diameter, D1 = 8.000 in D<=12, OK
Pipe external diameter, D2 = 8.640 in
Pipe cross section area, Ap = π*(DX^2 - DI^2)/4
= 8.364 sq in
Pipe section modulus, Ix = π*(D2^4 - D1^4)/ 64
= 72.481 in^4
Pipe (ID 14 in and larger)
Pipe internal diameter, D1 = 7.360 in
Pipe external diameter, D2 = 8.000 in D=<12, Not OK
Pipe cross section area, Ap = π*(DX^2 - DI^2)/4
= 7.721 sq in
Pipe section modulus, Ix = π*(D2^4 - D1^4)/ 64
= 57.023 in^4
Page 15
PIPING
Page 16
PIPING
= 15 in
45 deg short radius Elbow, RS = D
= 10 in
RUN = SET
= 36.000 in
TRAVEL = (RUN^2 + SET^2)^(1/2)
= 50.912 in
Long radius Pipe spool travel length, LL = TRAVEL - 2*(RL*SIN(22.5 / 57.3))
= 39.432 in
Short radius Pipe spool travel length, LS = TRAVEL - 2*(RS*SIN(22.5 / 57.3))
= 43.259 in
Page 17
PIPING
Page 18
PIPING
Page 19
PIPING
Dynamic
Viscosity
lb-sec/ft^2
0.00003732
0.00003228
0.00002730
0.00002334
0.00002037
Page 20
PIPING
EXAMPLE - Transition Region Fluid Static Head Loss: Re is between 2,100 and 40
Input
Fluid flow rate, q = 6.0 gpm
Pipe internal diameter, d = 4.000 in
Roughness, e = 0.0018 in
Length of straight pipe, L = 100 ft
Fluid viscosity, µ = 0.00002730 ft^2/sec
Fluid density, ρ = 62.47 lbs/ft^3
Page 21
PIPING
Page 22
PIPING
N*K
2.250
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
22.500
0.000
0.000
47.500
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
52.500
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Page 23
PIPING
124.750 =Σ(N*K)
Page 24
PIPING
40
Wall thick in
0.237
0.280
Page 25
PIPING
0.322
0.365
0.406
0.437
0.500
0.562
0.593
0.687
Page 26
PIPING
to
Page 27
PIPING
Page 28
PIPING
0 and 4000
Page 29
PIPING
0 and 4000
^0.5)))^-2
f^0.5)))^-2] / f
Page 30
SYSTEMS
LIQUID Input
Liquid name is: Water
Fluid spedific gravity, SG = 1.00
Liquid teperature, t = 68 deg F
DISCHARGE
Discharge static head , Hsd = 40 ft
Discharge surface pressure, Hpd = 3.00 psig
Discharge friction head (pipe and fittings), Hfd = 26.00 ft
SUCTION
Absolute pressure in liquid suction tank, Ps = 14.7 psia
Suction static head, Hss = -10 ft
Suction surface pressure, Hps = 2.00 psig
Suction friction head (pipe and fittings), Hfs = 3 ft
Output
Total discharge head, Hd = Hsd + Hpd + Hfd Suction static head, Hss
= 69.00 ft
Total suction head, Hs = Hss + Hps + Hfs
= -5.00 ft
Page 31
SYSTEMS
the vapor pressure of the liquid, in feet of liquid, at the suction flange."
NPSHA MUST be greater than NPSHR for the pump system to operate without cavitating.
Output
Gage suction pressure, Psg = Ps - 14.7
= 0.00 psig
Total suction head, in feet of liquid, absolute, Hsa = Pd*2.31 / SG
= 34.0 ft
Vapor pressure of liquid at suction nozzle, Hypa = 0.000002*T^3 - 0.0002*T^2 + 0.0112*T - 0.1436
= 0.322 psi
= 0.74 ft
Available net position suction head (NPSHA), Hsv = Hsa - Hypa
= 33.21 ft
Page 32
SYSTEMS
HE
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
FLOW q (gpm)
The above
was used toDarcy Weisbach
obtain values toliquid in the
create pipeSystem
frictionHead
pressure
Loss head loss,Rate
VS Flow Hf = f * (L/D) * (V^2 / (2 * g)
graph.
The above Darcy Weisbach pressure head loss curve has been plotted on the pump performance graph.
Input
Fluid flow rate, Q = 50 gpm
Head, H = 100 ft
Specific gravity of the fluid, sg = 1
Calculate
Fuid power, P = Q*H*sg / 3960
= 1.26 hp
END OF WORKSHEET
Page 34
SYSTEMS
2.31 ft = 1 psi
Page 35
SYSTEMS
35 100 26.6
30 130 44.9
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Page 36
SYSTEMS
HE
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
FLOW q (gpm)
The
to above
create Darcy
the Weisbach
System pressure
Head Loss head
VS Flow loss,
Rate hL = f * (L/D) * (V^2 / (2 * g) was used to obtain values
graph.
The above Darcy Weisbach pressure head loss curve has been plotted on the pump performance graph.
Page 37
SYSTEMS
Page 38
M389 PROCESS PUMPS, VALVES, & PIPE SPREADSHEET ANALYSIS
© Copy Write, John Andrew P.E. 10 May 2013 Revised 28 July 2020
PUMP CALCULATOR
http://www.pump-flo.com/select/centrifugal/headcalc.aspx
Mentor, is an electronic guide for selecting and evaluating
Crane's centrifugal pump product lines. Mentor is available for
CP&S centrifugal pump product lines including:
Barnes, Deming and Weinman and International products.
Pump Calculator may be found under menu option:
CALCULATED VALUES
The red arrow above is the operating point 60 GPM (Gallons per Minute)
and 40.8 feet head ( Effective distance water is lifted).
Note: Pump efficiency in this example is less than 30% and maximum
efficiency is 80%. See efficiency curves above.
END OF WORKSHEET
http://www.cranepumps.com/pumpselector.php
PROCESS PUMPS, VALVES, & PIPE SPREADSHEET ANALYSIS
© Copy Write, John Andrew P.E. 10 May 2013 Revised 28 July 2020
Conversion Factors
Input Output
Length (ft) = 100 30.48 (m)
Pipe Internal Diameter (in) = 12 0.30480370641 (m)
Roughness (in) = 0.001 0.00002540 (mm)
Inlet Flow (gpm) = 60 0.003785 (m^3/s)
END OF WORKSHEET
http://www.pressure-drop.com/Online-Calculator/
M389 PROCESS PUMPS, VALVES, & PIPE SPREADSHEET ANALYSIS
© Copy Write, John Andrew P.E. 10 May 2013 Revised 28 July 2020
END OF WORKSHEET
M389 PROCESS PUMPS, VALVES, & PIPE SPREADSHEET ANALYSIS
© Copy Write, John Andrew P.E. 10 May 2013 Revised 28 July 2020
END OF WORKSHEET
8 July 2020
SCH 40 SCH 60 SCH 80 SCH 100 SCH 120 SCH 140 SCH 160
STD - XS - - - 0.188
STD - XS - - - 0.219
STD - XS - - - 0.25
STD - XS - - - 0.25
STD - XS - - - 0.281
STD - XS - - - 0.344
STD - XS - - - 0.375
STD - XS - - - 0.438
STD - XS - - - -
STD - XS - 0.438 - 0.531
STD - XS - 0.5 - 0.625
STD - XS - 0.562 - 0.719
STD 0.406 XS 0.594 0.719 0.812 0.906
STD XS 0.594 0.719 0.844 1 1.125
0.406 0.562 0.688 0.844 1 1.125 1.312
0.438 0.594 0.75 0.938 1.094 1.25 1.406
XS 0.656 0.844 1.031 1.219 1.438 1.594
0.562 0.75 0.938 1.156 1.375 1.562 1.781
0.594 0.812 1.031 1.281 1.5 1.75 1.969
- 0.875 1.125 1.375 1.625 1.875 2.125
0.688 0.969 1.219 1.531 1.812 2.062 2.344
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
0.688 - - - - - -
0.688 - - - - - -
0.75 - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
http://www.hackneyladish.com/DimensionData-pr5.aspx
fittings above:
s/Conversion%20Booklet.pdf