Krok 1 – 2014 Path Physiology Base

1. A 27- year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In few
minutes there appeared feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids
edema, whistling cough, decreasing of BP. What antibodies take part in the
development of this allergic reaction?
A. IgE and IgG
B. IgM and IgG
C. IgA and IgM
D. IgM and IgD
E. IgG and IgD

2. A patient underwent a surgery for excision of a cyst on pancreas. After this he

developed haemorrhagic syndrome with apparent disorder of blood
coagulation. Development of this complication can be explained by:
A. Activation of fibrinolytic system
B. Insufficient fibrin production
C. Reduced number of thrombocytes
D. Activation of anticoagulation system
E. Activation of Christmas factor

3. A 43-year-old patient has thrombopenia, reduction of fibrinogen, products of

degradation of fibrin presented in the blood, petechial haemorrhage along with
septic shock. What is the most likely cause of the changes?
A. DIC-syndrom
B. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
C. Haemorrhagic diathesis
D. Disorder of thrombocytes production
E. Exogenous intoxication

4. Person has stable HR, not more than 40 bpm. What is the pacemaker of the
heart rhythm in this person?
A. Atrioventricular node
B. Sinoatrial node
C. His' bundle
D. Branches of His' bundle
E. Purkinye' fibers

5. A 32-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with gross bloodloss due to
auto accident trauma. Ps - 110Bpm, RR- 22 pm, BP- 100/60mm Hg. What
changes in the blood will occur in an hour after the bloodloss?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Erythropenia
C. Hypochromia of erythrocytes
D. Leukopenia
E. Hypoproteinemia
 6. A 70-year-old patient suffers from atherosclerosis complicated by the lower
limb thrombosis that has caused gangrene on his left toes. What is the most
likely cause of the thrombosis origin?
A. Thrombocyte adhesion
B. Prothrombinase activation
C. Transformation of prothrombin into thrombin
D. Transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin
E. Impaired heparin synthesis

7. ECG of a 44-year-old patient shows signs of hypertrophy of both ventricles and

the right atrium. The patient was diagnosed with the tricuspid valve
insufficiency. What pathogenetic variant of cardiac dysfunction is usually
observed in case of such insufficiency?
A. Heart overload by volume
B. Heart overload by resistance
C. Primary myocardial insufficiency
D. Coronary insufficiency
E. Cardiac tamponade

8. Shock and signs of acute renal failure (ARF) developed in the patient due to
permanent injury. What is the leading cause of development of ARF in the
case?
A. Decreased arterial pressure
B. Urine excretion violation
C. Increased pressure in the nephron capsule
D. Increased pressure in the renal arteries
E. Decreased oncotic BP

9. Substitution of the glutamic acid on valine was revealed while examining initial
molecular structure. For what inherited pathology is this typical?
A. Sickle-cell anemia
B. Thalassemia
C. Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
D. Favism
E. Hemoglobinosis

10. Inflamation is characterised by increasing penetration of vessels of

microcirculation stream, increasing of their fluid dynamic blood pressure.
Increasing of the osmotic concentration and dispersity of protein structures
present in the intercellular fluid. What kind of edema will appear in this case?
A. Mixed
B. Hydrodynamic
C. Colloid-osmotic
D. Lymphogenic
E. Membranogenic
 11. Disorder of the airways passage in small and middle bronchi was revealed in
the patient. What disorder of the acid-base equilibrium can be detected in the
blood?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
E. -

12. A 62-year-old patient was admitted to the neurological department due to

cerebral haemorrage. Condition is grave. There is observed progression of
deepness and frequency of breath that turnes into reduction to apnoea, and the
cycle repeates. What respiration type has developed in the patient?
A. Cheyne-Stockes respiration
B. Kussmaul respiration
C. Biot's respiration
D. Gasping respiration
E. Apneustic respiration

13. In a 45-year-old patient on ECG it was revealed: sinus rhythm, the number of
auricular complexesexceeds number of ventricular complexes; progressing
extension of the P-Q interval from complex to complex; fallout of some
ventricular complexes; Р waves and QRST complexes are without changes.
Name the type of heart rhythm disfunction.
A. Atrioventricular block of the II degree
B. Synoauricular block
C. Atrioventricular blockade of the I degree
D. Intraatrial block
E. Complete atrioventricular block

14. Upper neck node of sympathetic trunk was removed from the rabbit on
experiment. Reddening and increased temperature of the skin of head is
observed. What form of peripheral circulation of the blood developed in the
rabbit?
A. Neuroparalytic arterial hyperemia
B. Neurotonic arterial hyperemia
C. Metabolic arterial hyperemia
D. Venous hyperemia
E. Stasis

15. In result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reacttor the run-out
of radioelements happened. People in the increased radiation zone were
radiated with approximately 250-300 r. They were immediately hospitalized.
What changes in the blood count would be typical?
A. Lymphopenia
B. Leukopenia
C. Anemia
D. Thrombopenia
E. Neutropenia

16. Dystrophic changes of the heart muscle are accompanied with cardiac cavity
enlargement, decrease of the strength of heart contraction, increased amount
of blood, which remains in the heart during systolic phase, overfilled veins. For
what state of heart is it characteristic?
A. Myogenic dilatation
B. Tonogenic dilatation
C. Emergency stage of hyperfunction and hypertrophy
D. Cardiosclerosis
E. Tamponage of the heart

17. Transmural myocardial infarction in the patient was complicated with

progressive acute left ventricle insufficiency. What is the most typical for this
state?
A. Edema of the lungs
B. Edema of the extremities
C. Cyanosis
D. Ascites
E. Arterial hypertension

18. Arterial hypertention is caused by the stenosis of the renal arteries in the
patient. Activation of what system is the main link in the pathogenesys of this
form of hypertension?
A. Renin-angiotensin
B. Sympathoadrenal
C. Parasympathetic
D. Kallikrein-kinin
E. Hypothalamic-pituitary

19. A 12-year-old boy often suffers from virus and bacterial infections and
eczematous skin lesions. Enlargement of T -lymphocytes and IgM with normal
IgA and IgG was revealed on examination. What type of immune system
pathology is presented in the patient?
A. Composite immunedefficiency
B. Hypoplasia of thymus
C. Bruton's hypogammaglobulinemia
D. Turner's syndrome
E. Hereditary immundeficiency of the complement system

20. Patient with diabetes didn't get insulin injection in time that caused
hyperglycemic coma (glucose in the blood 50mmol/L). What mechanism is
prevalent in the development of the coma?
A. Hyperosmia
B. Hypokaliemia
C. Hypoxia
D. Hyponatremia
E. Acidosis

21. Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours
after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive events in the
inflammation area?
A. Secondary alteration
B. Primary alteration
C. Emigration of lymphocytes
D. Diapedesis of erythrocytes
E. Proliferation of fibroblasts

22. Processes of repolarisation are disturbed in ventricular myocardium in

examined person. It will cause amplitude abnormalities of configuration and
duration of the wave:
A. Т
B. Q
C. R
D. S
E. P

23. A boy referred to a genetics clinic was found to have 1 drumstick in blood
neutrophils. The boy is likely to have the following syndrome:
A. Klinefelter's
B. Down's
C. Turner's
D. Edwards'
E. Trisomy X

24. After a serious psycho-emotional stress a 45-year-old patient suddenly felt

constricting heart pain irradiating to the left arm, neck and left scapula. His
face turned pale, the cold sweat stood out on it. The pain attack was stopped
with nitroglycerine. What process has developed in this patient?
A. Stenocardia
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Stroke
D. Psychogenic shock
E. Stomach ulcer perforation

25. While having the dinner the child choked and aspirated the food. Heavy cough
has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, rapid pulse, rear breathing,
expiration is prolonged. What disorder of the external breathing developed in
the child?
A. Stage of expiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
B. Stage of inspiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
C. Stenotic breathing
D. Alternating breathing
E. Biot's breathing

26. Chronic glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in a 34-year-old patient 3 years

ago. Edema has developed in the last 6 monthes. What caused it?
A. Proteinuria
B. Hyperproduction of vasopressin
C. Disorder of albuminous kidneys function
D. Hyperosmolarity of plasma
E. Hyperaldosteronism

27. While playing volleyball a sportsman made a jump and landed on the outside
edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are
limited, passive movements are unlimited but painful. A bit later there
appeared a swelling in the area of external ankle; the skin became red and
warm. What type of peripheral circulation disturbance is the case?
A. Arterial hyperemia
B. Stasis
C. Embolism
D. Venous hyperemia
E. Thrombosis

28. Having helped to eliminate consequences of a failure at a nuclear power plant,

a worker got an irradiation doze of 500 roentgens. He complains of headache,
nausea, dizziness. What changes in leukocytes quantity can be expected 10
hours after irradiation?
A. Neutrophilic leukocytosis
B. Lymphocytosis
C. Leukopenia
D. Agranulocytosis
E. Leukemia

29. A 12 y.o. boy who suffers from bronchial asthma has an acute attack of asthma:
evident expiratory dyspnea, skin pallor. What type of alveolar ventilation
disturbance is it?
A. Obstructive
B. Restrictive
C. Throracodiaphragmatic
D. Central
E. Neuromuscular

30. A 46-year-old patient suffering from the diffuse toxic goiter underwent
resection of the thyroid gland. After the surgery the patient presents with
 appetite loss, dyspepsia, increased neuromuscular excitement. The body
weight remained unchanged. Body temperature is normal. Which of the
following has caused such a condition in this patient?
A. Reduced production of parathormone
B. Increased production of thyroxin
C. Increased production of calcitonin
D. Increased production of thyroliberin
E. Reduced production of thyroxin

31. To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to

administer hormonotherapy for the purpose of immunosuppression. What
hormones are used for this purpose?
A. Glucocorticoids
B. Mineralocorticoids
C. Sexual hormones
D. Catecholamines
E. Thyroid

32. A patient caught a cold after which there appeared facial expression disorder.
He cannot close his eyes, raise his eyebrows, and bare his teeth. What nerve is
damaged?
A. Facial
B. Vagus
C. Trigeminus
D. Glossopharyngeal
E. Infraorbital

33. A patient with a history of chronic glomerulonephritis presents with azotemia,

oliguria, hypo- and isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the
pathogenesis of these symptoms development under chronic renal failure?
A. Mass decrease of active nephrons
B. Intensification of glomerular filtration
C. Tubular hyposecretion
D. Disturbed permeability of glomerular membranes
E. Intensification of sodium reabsorption

34. After an attack of bronchial asthma, a patient had his peripheral blood tested.
What changes can be expected?
A. Eosinophilia
B. Leukopenia
C. Lymphocytosis
D. Thrombocytopenia
E. Erythrocytosis

35. After the traumatic tooth extraction, a patient is complaining of acute, dull,
poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rises up to 37,5 oC. The
 patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this
patient:
A. Protopathic
B. Epicritic
C. Visceral
D. Heterotopic
E. Phantom

36. A 50-year-old patient suffers from essential hypertension. After a physical

stress he experienced muscle weakness, breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin
and face. Respiration was accompanied by distinctly heard bubbling rales.
What mechanism underlies the development of this syndrome?
A. Acute left-ventricular failure
B. Chronic right-ventricular failure
C. Chronic left-ventricular failure
D. Collapse
E. Cardiac tamponade

37. A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy.

What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the
surgery?
A. Neuroparalytic
B. Neurotonic
C. Metabolic
D. Functional
E. Reactive

38. A group of mountain climbers went through the blood analysis at the height of
3000 m. It revealed decrease of HCO 3 to 15 micromoles/l (standard is 22-26
micromole/l). What is the mechanism of HCO 3 decrease?
A. Hyperventilation
B. Intensification of acidogenesis
C. Hypoventilation
D. Decrease of ammoniogenesis
E. Decrease of bicarbonate reabsorption in kidneys

39. ECG of a patient shows such alterations: P-wave is normal, P-Q-interval is

short, ventricular QRST complex is wide, R-wave is double-peak or two-phase.
What form of arrhythmia is it?
A. WPW syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White)
B. Frederick's syndrome (atrial flutter)
C. Atrioventricular block
D. Ventricular fibrillation
E. Ciliary arrhythmia

40. A patient who suffers from pneumonia has high body temperature. What
 biologically active substance plays the leading part in origin of this
phenomenon?
A. Interleukin-I
B. Histamine
C. Bradykinin
D. Serotonin
E. Leukotrienes

41. A 34-year-old woman was diagnosed with hereditary microspherocytic

hemolytic anemia (Minkowsky-Shauffard disease). What mechanism caused
haemolysis of erythrocytes?
A. Membranopathy
B. Enzymopathy
C. Hemoglobinopathy
D. Autoimmune disorder
E. Bone marrow hypoploasia

42. 2 years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He

complains of weakness, periodical dark shadows beneath his eyes, dyspnea. In
blood: Hb - 70 g/l, erythrocytes - 3, 0* 1012/l, colour index - 0,7. What changes
of erythrocytes in blood smears are the most typical for this condition?
A. Microcytes
B. Megalocytes
C. Schizocytes
D. Ovalocytes
E. Macrocytes

43. During a prophylactic medical examination, a 7-year-old boy was diagnosed

with daltonism. His parents are healthy and have normal colour vision, but his
grandfather on his mother’s side has the same abnormality. What is the type
of the abnormality inheritance?
A. Recessive, sex-linked
B. Dominant, sex-linked
C. Semidominance
D. Autosomal recessive
E. Autosomal dominant

44. A 27 y.o. patient put eye drops that contain penicillin. After a few minutes she
felt itching and burning of her body, there appeared lip and eye-lid edemata;
arterial pressure began to drop. What immunoglobulins took part in the
development of this allergic reaction?
A. lgE and lgG
B. IgM and IgG
C. IgA and IgM
D. IgM and IgD
E. IgG and IgD
 45. Inflammation of a patient's eye was accompanied by accumulation of turbid
liquid with high protein at the bottom of anterior chamber that was called
hypopyon. What process underlies the changes under observation?
A. Disturbance of microcirculation
B. Primary alteration
C. Secondary alteration
D. Proliferation
E. -

46. A 48 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about weakness,
irritability, and sleep disturbance. Objectively: skin and scleras are yellow. In
blood: conjugated bilirubin, cholalemia. Feces are acholic. Urine is of dark
colour (bilirubin). What jaundice is it?
A. Mechanic
B. Hemolytic
C. Parenchymatous
D. Gilbert's syndrome
E. Crigler-Najjar syndrome

47. A 41-year-old male patient has a history of recurrent attacks of heartbeats

(paroxysms), profuse sweating, and headaches. Examination revealed
hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia.
These clinical presentations are typical for the following adrenal pathology:
A. Hyperfunction of the medulla
B. Hypofunction of the medulla
C. Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
D. Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
E. Primary aldosteronism

48. A patient who suffers from severe disorder of water-salt metabolism

experienced cardiac arrest in diastole. What is the most probable mechanism
of cardiac arrest in diastole?
A. Hyperkaliemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Organism dehydratation
D. Hypokaliemia
E. Hyponatremia

49. A patient who suffers from heart failure has enlarged liver, edemata of lower
extremities, ascites. What is the leading mechanism in the development of this
edema?
A. Hydrodynamic
B. Colloid osmotic
C. Lymphogenous
D. Membranogenic
 50. Two weeks after lacunar tonsillitis a 20-year-old man started complaining
about general weakness, lower eyelid edemata. After examination the patient
was diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. What are the most likely
pathological changes in the urine formula?
A. Proteinuria
B. Cylindruria
C. Presence of fresh erythrocytes
D. Pyuria
E. Natriuria

51. A 32 y.o. man is tall; he has gynecomastia, adult woman pattern of hair
distribution, high voice, mental deficiency, sterility. Provisional diagnosis is
Klinefelter's syndrome. In order to specify diagnosis, it is necessary to analize:
A. Caryotype
B. Leukogram
C. Spermatogenesis
D. Blood group
E. Genealogy

52. Examination of a miner revealed pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by

disturbance of alveolar ventilation. What is the main mechanism of this
disturbance?
A. Limitation of respiratory surface of lungs
B. Constriction of superior respiratory tracts
C. Disturbance of neural respiration control
D. Limitation of breast mobility
E. Bronchi spasm

53. After transfusion of 200 ml of blood a patient presented with body

temperature rise up to 37,9oC. Which of the following substances is the most
likely cause of temperature rise?
A. Interleukin-1
B. Interleukin-2
C. Tumour necrosis factor
D. Interleukin-3
E. Interleukin-4

54. A 49 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about heightened fatigue and dyspnea
during physical activity. ECG: heart rate is 50/min, PQ is extended, QRS is
unchanged, P wave quanity exceeds quantity of QRS complexes. What type of
arrhythmia does the patient have?
A. Atrioventricular block
B. Extrasystole
C. Sinus bradycardia
D. Ciliary arhythmia
E. Sinoatrial block
 55. A woman has been applying a new cosmetic preparation for a week that
resulted in eye-lid inflammation accompanied by hyperemia, infiltration and
painfulness. What type of allergic reaction was developed?
A. ІV
B. I
C. II
D. III
E. V

56. A patient is followed up in an endocrinological dispensary on account of

hyperthyreosis. Weight loss, tachycardia, finger tremor are accompanied by
hypoxia symptoms - headache, fatigue, eye flicker. What mechanism of thyroid
hormones action underlies the development of hypoxia?
A. Disjunction, oxydation and phosphorilation
B. Inhibition of respiratory ferment synthesis
C. Competitive inhibition of respiratory ferments
D. Intensification of respiratory ferment synthesis
E. Specific binding of active centres of respiratory ferments

57. A 56 y.o. patient has been suffering from thyreotoxicosis for a long time. What
type of hypoxia can be developed?
A. Tissue
B. Hemic
C. Circulatory
D. Respiratory
E. Mixed

58. An animal with aortic valve insufficiency got hypertrophy of its left heart
ventricle. Some of its parts have local contractures. What substance
accumulated in the myocardiocytes caused these contractures?
A. Calcium
B. Potassium
C. Lactic acid
D. Carbon dioxide
E. Sodium

59. A girl is diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism).

This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal
hormone:
A. Androgen
B. Estrogen
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
E. Adrenalin
 60. A patient has extrasystole. ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed,
there is a full compensatory pause. What extrasystoles are these?
A. Ventricular
B. Atrial
C. Atrioventricular
D. Sinus
E. -

61. After a serious psychoemotional stress a 48-year-old patient suddenly

developed acute heart ache irradiating to the left arm. Nitroglycerine relieved
pain after 10 minutes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this
process development?
A. Spasm of coronary arteries
B. Dilatation of peripheral vessels
C. Obstruction of coronary vessels
D. Compression of coronary vessels
E. Increase in myocardial oxygen consumption

62. A 12-year-old teenager has significantly put off weight within 3 months;
glucose concentration rose up to 50 millimole/l. He fell into a coma. What is
the main mechanism of its development?
A. Hyperosmolar
B. Hypoglycemic
C. Ketonemic
D. Lactacidemic
E. Hypoxic

63. A 43-year-old-patient has arterial hypertension caused by an increase in

cardiac output and general peripheral resistance. Specify the variant of
hemodynamic development of arterial hypertension in the given case:
A. Eukinetic
B. Hyperkinetic
C. Hypokinetic
D. Combined

64. As a result of increased permeability of the erythrocyte membrane in a patient

with
microspherocytic anaemia (Minkowsky-Shauffard disease) cells receive
sodium ions and water. Erythrocytes take form of spherocytes and can be
easily broken down. What is the leading mechanism of erythrocyte damage in
this case?
A. Electrolytic osmotic
B. Calcium
C. Acidotic
D. Protein
E. Nucleic
 65. Examination of a 52-year-old female patient has revealed a decrease in the
amount of red blood cells and an increase in free hemoglobin in the blood
plasma (hemoglobinemia). Color index is 0.85. What type of anemia is being
observed in the patient?
A. Acquired hemolytic
B. Hereditary hemolytic
C. Acute hemorrhagic
D. Chronic hemorrhagic
E. Anemia due to diminished erythropoiesis

66. A 56-year-old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has edema of feet
and shins; edematous skin is pale and cold. What is the leding mechanism of
edema pathogenesis?
A. Rise of hydrostatic pressure in venules
B. Drop of oncotic pessure in capillaries
C. Increase of capillary permeability
D. Disorder of lymph outflow
E. Positive water balance

67. Prophylactic medical examination of a 36-year-old driver revealed that his AP

was 150/90 mm Hg. At the end of working day he usually hears ear noise, feels
slight indisposition that passes after some rest. He was diagnosed with
essential hypertension. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism in this
case?
A. Neurogenetic
B. Nephric
C. Humoral
D. Endocrinal
E. Reflexogenic

68. Blood analysis of a patient with jaundice reveals conjugated bilirubinemia,

increased concentration of bile acids. There is no stercobilinogen in urine.
What type of jaundice is it?
A. Obstructive jaundice
B. Hepatocellular jaundice
C. Parenchymatous jaundice
D. Hemolytic jaundice
E. Cythemolytic jaundice

69. Violation of safety rules resulted in calomel intoxication. Two days later the
daily diuresis was 620 ml. A patient experienced headache, vomiting,
convulsions, dyspnea, and moist rales in lungs. What pathology is it?
A. Acute renal insufficiency
B. Chronic renal insufficiency
C. Uraemic coma
D. Glomerulonephritis
E. Pyelonephritis

70. A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting

accompanied by apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions.
What disorder form of acid-base balance is it?
A. Nongaseous alkalosis
B. Gaseous alkalosis
C. Gaseous acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
E. Excretory acidosis

71. The development of both immune and allergic reactions is based upon the
same mechanisms of the immune system response to an antigen. What is the
main difference between the immune and allergic reactions?
A. Development of tissue lesion
B. Amount of released antigen
C. Antigen structure
D. Routes by which antigens are delivered into the body
E. Hereditary predisposition

72. 24 hours after appendectomy blood of a patient presents neutrophilic

leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of
leukocytosis development?
A. Amplification of leukopoiesis
B. Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
C. Decelerated leukocyte destruction
D. Deceleratied emigration of leukocytes to the tissues
E. Amplification of leukopoiesis and decelerated emigration of leukocytes to the
tissues

73. A 59-year-old patient is a plant manager. After the tax inspection of his plant
he felt intense pain behind his breastbone irradiating to his left arm. 15
minutes later his condition came to normal. Which of the possible mechanisms
of stenocardia development is the leading in this case?
A. High catecholamine concentration in blood
B. Coronary atherosclerosis
C. Intravascular aggregation of blood corpuscles
D. Coronary thrombosis
E. Functional heart overload

74. Arterial pressure of a surgeon who performed a long operation rised up to

140/110 mm Hg. What changes of humoral regulation could have caused the
rise of arterial pressure in this case?
A. Activation of sympathoadrenal system
B. Activation of formation and excretion of aldosterone
C. Activation of renin angiotensive system
D. Activation of kallikrein kinin system
E. Inhibition of sympathoadrenal system

75. A patient was ill with burn disease that was complicated by DIC syndrome.
What stage of DIC syndrome can be suspected if it is known that the patient's
blood coagulates in less than 3 minutes?
A. Hypercoagulation
B. Transition phase
C. Hypocoagulation
D. Fibrinolysis
E. Terminal

76. In a patient elevation of body temperature takes turns with drops down to
normal levels during the day. The rise in temperature is observed periodically
once in four days. Specify the type of temperature curve:
A. Febris internuttens
B. Febris continua
C. Febris reccurens
D. Febris hectica
E. Febris remitens

77. A 55 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about having continuous cyclic uterine
hemorrhages for a year, weakness, dizziness. Examination revealed skin
pallor. Hemogram: Hb- 70 g/l, erythrocytes - 3, 2* 101 2/l, color index - 0,6,
leukocytes - 6,0* 109 /l, reticulocytes - 1%; erythrocyte hypochromia. What
anemia is it?
A. Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia
B. Hemolytic anemia
C. Aplastic anemia
D. B12-folate-deficiency anemia
E. Iron-deficiency anemia

78. A 56-year-old patient came to a hospital with complaints about general

weakness, tongue pain and burning, sensation of limb numbness. In the past
he underwent resection of forestomach. In blood: Hb- 80 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,
0* 101 2 /l; colour index - 1, 2, leukocytes - 3,5 * 109 /l. What anemia type is it?
A. B12-folate deficient
B. Hemolytic
C. Posthemorrhagic
D. Aplastic
E. Iron-deficient

79. A 25-year-old Palestinian woman complains of weakness, dizziness, dyspnea.

In anamnesis: periodically exacerbating anemia. In blood: Hb - 60 g/l,
erythrocytes - 2, 5 * 101 2/l, reticulocytes - 35 o/ oo, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis
 of erythrocytes, a lot of target cells and polychromatophils. What type of
anemia is it?
A. Thalassemia
B. Sickle-cell anemia
C. Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
D. Addison-Biermer disease
E. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient anemia

80.A 23 y.o. patient complains of weakness; temperature rise up to 38-40oC.

Objectively: liver and spleen are enlarged. Hemogram: Hb- 100 g/l,
erythrocytes - 2,9* 101 2/l, leukocytes - 4,4* 109 /l, thrombocytes – 48* 109 /l,
segmentonuclear neutrophils - 17%, lymphocytes - 15%, blast cells - 68%. All
cytochemical reactions are negative. Make a hematological conclusion:
A. Undifferentiated leukosis
B. Chronic myeloleukosis
C. Acute myeloblastic leukosis
D. Acute lymphoblastic leukosis
E. Acute erythromyelosis

81. Diabetic nephropathy with uremia has developed in a patient with pancreatic
diabetes. The velocity of glomerular filtration is 9 ml/min. What mechanism
of a decrease in glomerular filtration velocity and chronic renal failure
development is most likely in the case of this patient?
A. Reduction of active nephron mass
B. Decrease in systemic arterial pressure
C. Obstruction of nephron tubules with hyaline casts
D. Tissue acidosis
E. Arteriolar spasm

82. Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an

organism. What substances stumulate their synthesis?
A. Interleukin-1
B. Immunoglobulins
C. Interferons
D. Biogenic amins
E. Angiotensin

83. A patient is diagnosed with hereditary coagulopathy that is characterised by

factor VIII deficiency. Specify the phase of blood clotting during which
coagulation will be disrupted in the given case:
A. Thromboplastin formation
B. Thrombin formation
C. Fibrin formation
D. Clot retraction
E. -
 84. A chemical burn caused esophagus stenosis. Difficulty of ingestion led to the
abrupt loss of weight. In blood: 3, 0 * 101 2/l, Hb - 106 g/l, crude protein - 57 g/l.
What type of starvation is it?
A. Incomplete
B. Proteinic
C. Complete
D. Water
E. Absolute

85. A 42-year-old woman with neuralgia of trifacial nerve complains about

periodical reddening of the right part of her face and neck, sense of warmth
gush, increased skin sensitivity. These effects can be explained by the following
type of arterial hyperemia:
A. Neurotonic
B. Neuroparalytic
C. Metabolic
D. Functional
E. Reactive

86. A patient who suffers from acute myocarditis has clinical signs of cardiogenic
shock. What of the under-mentioned pathogenetic mechanisms plays the main
part in shock development?
A. Disturbance of pumping ability of heart
B. Depositing of blood in organs
C. Reduction of diastolic flow to the heart
D. Decrease of vascular tone
E. Increase of peripheral vascular resistance

87. On the 6th day of treatment a patient with acute renal insufficiency developed
polyuria. Diuresis intensification at the beginning of polyuria stage of acute
renal insufficiency is caused by:
A. Renewal of filtration in nephrons
B. Volume expansion of circulating blood
C. Growth of natriuretic factor
D. Reduction of aldosteron content in plasma
E. Reduction of vasopressin content in plasma

88. A 30-year-old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,
87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is
the set of these symptoms typical for?
A. Nephrotic syndrome
B. Nephritic syndrome
C. Chronic pyelonephritis
D. Acute renal failure
E. Chronic renal failure
 89. A patient with nephrotic syndrome has massive edemata of his face and limbs.
What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
A. Drop of oncotic blood pressure
B. Increase of vascular permeability
C. Rise of hydrodynamic blood pressure
D. Lymphostasis
E. Increase of lymph outflow

90. A patient staying in the pulmonological department was diagnosed with

pulmonary emphysema accompanied by reduced elasticity of pulmonary
tissue. What type of respiration is observed?
A. Expiratory dyspnea
B. Inspiratory dyspnea
C. Superficial respiration
D. Infrequent respiration
E. Periodic respiration

91. An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered

admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by
inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
A. Ventilative dysregulatory
B. Ventilative obstructive
C. Ventilative restrictive
D. Perfusive
E. Diffusive

92. A patient complaining of pain in the left shoulder-blade region has been
diagnosed with miocardial infarction. What kind of pain does the patient have?
A. Radiating
B. Visceral
C. Phantom
D. Protopathic
E. Epicritic

93. A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed
after he had had streptococcal infection. It is most likely that the affection of
basal glomerular membrane is caused by an allergic reaction of the following
type:
A. Immune complex
B. Anaphylactic
C. Cytotoxic
D. Delayed
E. Stimulating

94. Examination of patients with periodontitis revealed the interdependence

between the rate of affection of periodontal tissues and the amount of
 lysozymes in saliva and gingival liquid. These results can be obtained during
studying the following protection system of an organism:
A. Non-specific resistance
B. Humoral immunity
C. Cellular immunity
D. Autoresponsiveness
E. Tolerance

95. A 62-year-old patient who previously worked as stoker was admitted to a

hospital with complaints about general weakness, abrupt weight loss, hoarse
voice, dyspnea, dry cough. Laryngoscopy revealed a tumour in the pharynx
that invaded vocal cords and epiglottis. What is the most probable cause of
tumour development?
A. Polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates
B. Nitrosamines
C. Aromatic amines and amides
D. Retroviruses
E. Ionizing radiation

96. A married couple came to the genetic counseling. The husband suffers from
the insulin-dependent diabetes; the wife is healthy. What is the probability that
this couple will have an insulin-dependent child?
A. Higher than throughout the population
B. The same as throughout the population
C. Lower than throughout the population
D. 100%
E. 50%

97. A patient, who had been working hard under conditions of elevated
temperature of the environment, has now a changed quantity of blood plasma
proteins. What penomenon is the case?
A. Relative hyperproteinemia
B. Absolute hyperproteinemia
C. Absolute hypoproteinemia
D. Disproteinemia
E. Paraproteinemia

98. An experimental rat with extremity paralysis has no tendon and cutaneous
reflexes, muscle tone is decreased, but muscles of the affected extremity
maintain their ability to react with excitation to the direct action of continious
current. What type of paralysis is it?
A. Flaccid peripheral
B. Flaccid central
C. Spastic peripheral
D. Spastic central
E. Extrapyramidal
 99. A 28-year-old man had a gunshot wound of shin that resulted in an ulcer from
the side of the injury. What is the main factor of neurodystrophy pathogenesis
in this case?
A. Traumatization of peripheral nerve
B. Psychical stress
C. Microcirculation disturbance
D. Infection
E. Tissue damage

100. Blood test of a patient suffering from atrophic gastritis gave the following
results: RBCs - 2,0* 101 2/l, Hb- 87 g/l, colour index - 1,3, WBCs - 4,0* 109 /l,
thrombocytes - 180* 109 /l. Anaemia migh have been caused by the following
substance deficiency:
A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin K
D. Iron
E. Zinc

101. A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the cardiological department.

ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is
prolonged after extrasystole. What type of extrasystole is it?
A. Atrioventricular
B. Sinus
C. Atrial
D. Ventricular
E. Bundle-branch

102. A 37-year-old female patient complains of headache, vertigo, troubled

sleep, numbness of limbs. For the last 6 years she has been working at the gas-
discharge lamp-producing factory in the lead-processing shop. Blood test
findings: low hemoglobin and RBC level, serum iron concentration exceeds the
norm by several times. Specify the type of anemia:
A. Iron refractory anemia
B. Iron-deficiency anemia
C. Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
D. Hypoplastic anemia
E. Metaplastic anemia

103. A rabbit's nerve that innervates the right ear was cut and its right
superior cervical ganglion was removed. Immediately after operation the
temperature of ear skin was measured. It was revealed that the temperature of
the rabbit's ear skin on the side of denervation was by 1,5 oC higher than on the
opposite intact side. What of the following is the most probable explanation of
the above-mentioned effects?
A. Arterial neuroparalytic hyperemia
B. Arterial neurotopical hyperemia
C. Atrerial hyperemia induced by metabolic factors
D. Reactive arterial hyperemia
E. Physiological arterial hyperemia

104. Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was
revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications.
What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
A. Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
B. Leukopoiesis intensification
C. Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
D. Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
E. Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis

105. A patient present with icteritiousness of skin, scleras and mucous

membranes. Blood plasma the total bilirubin is increased, stercobilin is
increased in feces, urobilin is increased in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
A. Haemolytic
B. Gilbert's disease
C. Parenchymatous
D. Obturational
E. Cholestatic

106. Hepatitis has led to the development of hepatic failure. Mechanism of

edemata formation is activated by the impairment of the following liver
function:
A. Protein-synthetic
B. Barrier
C. Chologenetic
D. Antitoxic
E. Glycogen-synthetic

107. As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of

shock. Blood count: leukocytes - 3, 2* 109 /l. What is the leading mechanism of
leukopenia development?
A. Leukocyte redistribution in the bloodstream
B. Leukopoiesis inhibition
C. Faulty release of mature leukocytes from the bone marrow into the blood
D. Leukocyte destruction in the hematopietic organs
E. Increased excretion of the leukocytes from the organism

108. As a result of a trauma a patient has developed traumatic shock that led
to the following disorders: AP is 140/90 mm Hg, Ps is 120 bpm. The patient is
fussy, talkative, and pale. Such state relates to the following shock phase:
A. Erectile
B. Latent period
C. Terminal
D. Torpid
E. -

109. Examination of a patient admitted to the surgical department with

symptoms of acute appendicitis revealed the following changes in the white
blood cells: the total count of leukocytes is 16 * 109 /l. Leukocyte formula:
basophils - 0, eosinophils - 2%, juvenile forms - 2%, stabnuclear - 8%,
segmentonuclear - 59%, lymphocytes - 25%, monocytes- 4%. The described
changes can be classified as:
A. Neutrophilia with regenerative left shift
B. Neutrophilia with right shift
C. Neutrophilia with degenerative left shift
D. Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction
E. Neutrophilia with hyperregenerative left shift

110. A patient being treated for viral hepatitis type B got symptoms of hepatic
insufficiency. What blood changes indicative of protein metabolism disorder
will be observed in this case?
A. Absolute hypoalbuminemia
B. Absolute hyperalbuminemia
C. Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia
D. Proteinic blood composition is unchanged
E. Absolute hyperglobulinemia

111. A patient was stung by a bee. Examination revealed that his left hand
was hot, pink, edematic, there was a big red blister on the site of sting. What is
the leading mechanism of edema development?
A. Increased vessel permeability
B. Reduced vessel filling
C. Injury of vessels caused by the sting
D. Drop of oncotic pressure in tissue
E. Drop of osmotic pressure in tissue

112. Amniocentesis revealed two sex chromatin bodies (Barr bodies) in each
cell of the sample. What disease is this character typical for?
A. Trisomy X
B. Klinefelter syndrome
C. Turner's syndrome
D. Down's syndrome
E. Patau syndrome

113. A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity;
high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal
gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?
A. Metronidazole
B. Ampicillin
C. Doxycycline hydrochloride
D. Gentamicin sulfate
E. Nystatin

114. A patient suffering from pheochromocytoma complains of thirst, dry

mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of
hyperglycemia is it?
A. Adrenal
B. Hypercorticoid
C. Alimentary
D. Somatotropic
E. Hypoinsulinemic

115. A patient suffering from stenocardia was taking nitroglycerine which

caused restoration of blood supply of myocardium and relieved pain in the
cardiac area. What intracellular mechanism provides restoration of energy
supply of insulted cells?
A. Intensification of ATP resynthesis
B. Reduction of ATP resynthesis
C. Increased permeability of membranes
D. Intensification of oxygen transporting into the cell
E. Intensification of RNA generation

116. A patient is diagnosed with iron-deficiency sideroachrestic anemia,

progression of which is characterised by skin hyperpigmentation, pigmentary
cirrhosis, and heart and pancreas affection. Iron level in the blood serum is
increased. What disorder of iron metabolism causes this disease?
A. Failure to assimilate iron leading to iron accumulation in tissues
B. Excessive iron intake with food
C. Disorder of iron absorption in bowels
D. Increased iron assimilation by body

117. A couple had a child with Down's disease. Mother is 42 years old. This
disease is most probably caused by the following impairment of prenatal
development:
A. Gametopathy
B. Blastopathy
C. Embryopathy
D. Non-specific fetopathy
E. Specific fetopathy

118. There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important

part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology
development. What processes are stimulated by proteinic damage
mechanisms?
A. Enzyme inhibition
B. Lipid peroxidation
C. Phospholipase activation
D. Osmotic membrane distension
E. Acidosis

119. A child was born with cleft palate. Examination revealed aorta defects
and reduced number of T-lymphocytes in blood. What immunodeficient
syndrome is it?
A. DiGeorge
B. Wiskott-Aldrich
C. Chediak-Higashi
D. Louis-Bar
E. Swiss-type

120. Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases

revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal;
IgA and IgM concentration was also significantly reduced. Analysis showed
also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms
typical for?
A. Bruton's disease
B. Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia
C. Dysimmunoglobulinemia
D. Louis-Bar syndrome
E. Di George syndrome

121. A driver who got a trauma in a road accident and is shocked has
reduction of daily urinary output down to 300 ml. What is the main
pathogenetic factor of such diuresis change?
A. Drop of arterial pressure
B. Drop of oncotic blood pressure
C. Increased vascular permeability
D. Decreased number of functioning glomerules
E. Secondary hyperaldosteronism

122. Examination of a 42-year-old patient revealed a tumour of

adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient's weight is 117 kg; he has moon-like
hyperemic face, red-blue striae of skin distension on his belly. Osteoporosis
and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most
probable diagnosis?
A. Cushing's disease
B. Cushing's syndrome
C. Conn's disease
D. Diabetes mellitus
E. Essential hypertension
 123. Examination of a 12-year-old boy with developmental lag revealed
achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident shortening of upper
and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder of epiphyseal cartilages of long
tubal bones. This disease is:
A. Inherited, dominant
B. Inherited, recessive
C. Inherited, sex-linked
D. Congenital
E. Acquired

124. A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia.

What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions?
A. Modified receptors of cell membranes
B. Antibiotics
C. Hormones
D. Serum proteins
E. Inflammation modulators

125. A patient suffers from the haemorrhagic syndrome that shows itself in
frequent nasal bleedings, posttraumatic and spontaneous intracutaneous and
intra-articular haemorrhages. After a laboratory study a patient was diagnosed
with the type B haemophilia. This disease is provoked by the deficit of the
following factor of blood coagulation:
A. IX
B. VIII
C. XI
D. V
E. VII

126. A 58-year-old patient suffers from the cerebral atherosclerosis.

Examination revealed hyperlipoidemia. What class of lipoproteins will most
probably show increase in concentration in this patient’s blood serum?
A. Low-density lipoproteins
B. High-density lipoproteins
C. Fatty acid complexes with albumins
D. Chylomicrons
E. Cholesterol

127. A 67-year-old patient complains of periodic heart ache, dyspnea during

light physical activities. ECG reveals extraordinary contractions of heart
ventricles. Such arrhythmia is called:
A. Extrasystole
B. Bradycardia
C. Tachycardia
D. Flutter
E. Fibrillation
 128. In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed
changes of cardiovascular fitness which was indicative of cardiac insufficiency
at the compensation stage. What is the main proof of cardiac compensation?
A. Myocardium hypertrophy
B. Tachycardia
C. Rise of arterial pressure
D. Dyspnea
E. Cyanosis

129. A 47-year-old man with myocardium infarction was admitted to the

cardiological department. What changes of cellular composition of peripheral
blood are induced by necrotic changes in the myocardium?
A. Neutrophilic leukocytosis
B. Monocytosis
C. Eosinophilic leukocytosis
D. Thrombocytopenia
E. Lymphopenia

130. An infectious disease unit admitted a patient with signs of jaundice

caused by hepatitis virus. Select an indicator that is specific only for
parenchymatous jaundice:
A. Increase in ALT and AST rate
B. Hyperbilirubinemia
C. Bilirubinuria
D. Cholaemia
E. Urobilinuria

131. A patient with skin mycosis has disorder of cellular immunity. The most
typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index:
A. T-lymphocytes
B. Immunoglobulin G
C. Immunoglobulin E
D. B-lymphocytes
E. Plasmocytes

132. A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency

characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration.
What is the mechanism of its development?
A. Reduction of renal blood flow
B. Damage of glomerular filter
C. Reduction of functioning nephron number
D. Rise of pressure of tubular fluid
E. Renal artery embolism

133. A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, and lymph
 nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis; blood has
signs of lymphocytosis. The child is also predisposed to autoallergic diseases.
What type of diathesis can be presumed in this case?
A. Lymphohypoplastic
B. Exudative
C. Gouty
D. Asthenic
E. Hemorrhagic

134. A 26-year-old pregnant woman is under treatment at an in-patient

hospital. After a continuous attack of vomiting she was found to have reduced
volume of circulating blood. What kind of change in general blood volume is
the case?
A. Polycythemic hypovolemia
B. Simple hypovolemia
C. Oligocythemic hypovolemia
D. Polycythemic hypervolemia
E. Oligocythemic hypervolemia

135. Parents of a 3-year-old child have been giving him antibiotics with
purpose of preventing enteric infections for a long time. A month later the
child's condition changed for the worse. Blood examination revealed apparent
leukopenia and granulocytopenia. What is the most probable mechanism of
blood changes?
A. Myelotoxic
B. Autoimmune
C. Redistributive
D. Age-specific
E. Hemolytic

136. A patient ill with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low
water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low
blood osmolarity. What is such disturbance of water-electrolytic metabolism
called?
A. Hypo-osmolar hypohydration
B. Hyperosmolar hypohydration
C. Osmolar hypohydration
D. Hypo-osmolar hyperhydration
E. Hyperosmolar hyperhydration

137. A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis underwent sympathectomy of

femoral artery in the region of femoral trigone. What type of arterial hyperemia
was induced by the operation?
A. Neuroparalytic
B. Reactive
C. Metabolic
D. Neurotonic
E. Functional

138. A 15-year-old girl has pale skin, glossitis, and gingivitis. Blood count:
erythrocytes - 3,3* 101 2 /l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, colour index - 0,5. Examination
of blood smear revealed hypochromia, microcytosis, poikilocytosis. What type
of anemia is it?
A. Iron-deficient
B. B1 2 -folic acid-deficient
C. Sickle-cell
D. Hemolytic
E. Thalassemia

139. A 70-year-old man is ill with vascular atherosclerosis of lower

extremities and coronary heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of
lipidic blood composition. The main factor of atherosclerosis pathogenesis is
the excess of the following lipoproteins:
A. Low-density lipoproteins
B. Cholesterol
C. High-density lipoproteins
D. Intermediate density lipoproteins
E. Chylomicrons

140. A patient ill with essential arterial hypertension had a hypertensic crisis
that resulted in an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of
cardiac insufficiency in this case?
A. Heart overload caused by high pressure
B. Heart overload caused by increased blood volume
C. Absolute coronary insufficiency
D. Myocardium damage
E. Blood supply disturbance

141. A 5-year-old child is ill with measles. Blood analysis revealed increase of
total number of leukocytes up to 13 * 109 /l. Leukogram: basophils - 0,
eosinophils - 1, myelocytes - 0, juvenile neutrophils - 0, band neutrophils - 2,
segmented neutrophils - 41, lymphocytes - 28, monocytes - 28. Name this
phenomenon:
A. Monocytosis
B. Agranulocytosis
C. Lymphocytosis
D. Eosinopenia
E. Neutropenia

142. Rats being under stress have muscular hypertonia and high arterial
pressure, high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of
corticotropin and corticosteroids. In what stress phase are these animals?
A. Antishock phase
B. Exhaustion
C. Shock phase
D. Erectile
E. Terminal

143. After taking poor-quality food a patient developed repeated episodes of

diarrhea. On the next day he presented with decreased arterial pressure,
tachycardia, extrasystole. Blood pH is 7,18. These abnormalities were caused
by the development of:
A. Nongaseous acidosis
B. Gaseous acidosis
C. Nongaseous alkalosis
D. Gaseous alkalosis
E. Metabolic alkalosis

144. A patient was admitted to the infectious department. His symptoms: dry
skin, decreased skin turgor, rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with
cholera. What disorder of water-electrolytic balance is most often observed in
this disease?
A. Isoosmotic hypohydration
B. Hyperosmotic hyperhydration
C. Hypoosmotic hypohydration
D. Hyperosmotic hypohydration
E. Hypoosmotic hyperhydration

145. A 45-year-old woman is ill with breast cancer. Her left arm has
symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node
enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it?
A. Mechanic insufficiency
B. Dynamic insufficiency
C. Resorption insufficiency
D. Combined insufficiency

146. A 25-year-old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air
humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39 oC. What
pathological process is it?
A. Hyperthermia
B. Infectious fever
C. Hypothermia
D. Noninfectious fever
E. Burn disease

147. A 26-year-old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car

accident. In blood: 3, 2* 109 /l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia
development?
A. Redistribution of leukocytes in bloodstream
B. Leikopoiesis inhibition
C. Disturbed going out of mature leukocytes from the marrow into the blood
D. Lysis of leukocytes in the blood-forming organs
E. Intensified elimination of leukocytes from the organism

148. Since a patient has had myocardial infarction, his atria and ventricles
contract independently from each other with a frequency of 60-70 and 35-40
per minute. Specify the type of heart block in this case:
A. Complete atrioventricular
B. Partial atrioventricular
C. Sino-atrial
D. Intra-atrial
E. Intraventricular

149. A 54-year-old female was brought to the casualty department after a car
accident. A traumatologist diagnosed her with multiple fractures of the lower
extremities. What kind of embolism is most likely to develop in this case?
A. Fat
B. Tissue
C. Thromboembolism
D. Gaseous
E. Air

150. A 53-year-old male patient complains of acute pain in the right

hypochondrium. Objective examination revealed scleral icterus. Laboratory
tests revealed increased ALT activity, and stercobilin was not detected in the
stool. What disease is characterized by these symptoms?
A. Cholelithiasis
B. Hemolytic jaundice
C. Hepatitis
D. Chronic colitis
E. Chronic gastritis