Sci Reporting Lesson Infaurr

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SCI REPORTING LESSON INFO

Introduction - Arwin
The Plate Tectonics Theory. One of the leading theories in earth science which explains the
geological movements and events happening on our planet. Good Morning Everyone, we are
the third group, here to give you knowledge on the theory of Plate Tectonics. We will be
discussing to you all the ins and outs of this theory and hopefully turn you into an expert on
this topic by the end of our discussion.
Pre-Test - Ely
1. What is the theory that explains the movement of the Earth's lithospheric plates called
A. Continental Drift
B. Seafloor Spreading
C. Plate Tectonics
D. Volcanic Eruptions
Answer: C
2. Which layer of the Earth is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer core
D. Inner core
Answer: B
3. Who is credited with proposing the theory of continental drift, a precursor to plate
tectonics?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Isaac Newton
C. Alfred Wegener
D. Nikola Tesla
Answer: C
4. What is the name of the supercontinent that Alfred Wegener believed existed before
breaking apart to form the current continents?
A. Pangaea
B. Atlantis
C. Lemuria
D. Gondwana
Answer: A
5. Which of the following is not a type of plate boundary associated with plate tectonics?
A. Convergent boundary
B. Divergent boundary
C. Transform boundary
D. Extraterrestrial boundary
Answer: D.
What is the Plate Tectonic Theory? - Jecille
The plate tectonics theory is a scientific explanation for the movement of the Earth's
lithospheric plates. It proposes that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several large and
small plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These plates are in
constant motion, driven by forces such as mantle convection and the heat generated from
radioactive decay. The interactions of these plates at their boundaries lead to various
geological phenomena, including earthquakes, volcanic activity, the formation of mountain
ranges, and the creation of ocean basins. This theory has revolutionized our understanding
of the Earth's geology and is a fundamental concept in the field of geology and earth
sciences.
•A plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock.
•Plates are formed from the lithosphere: the crust and the upper part of the
mantle.
•The plates “float” on the slowly flowing asthenosphere: the lower part of the
mantle.
•The plates include both the land and ocean floor.
•The Mohoriovicic discontinuity or Moho is the boundary between the crust and
the mantle.
Who created the theory and a short biography - Deanise Miel
The plate tectonic theory was created by Alfred Wegener. Alfred Wegener was a German
meteorologist, geophysicist, and polar researcher. He was born on November 1, 1880, and
died on November 1, 1930. Wegener studied meteorology, physics, and astronomy at the
University of Berlin and earned his PhD in 1905. He first presented the Tectonic Plate Theory
in a lecture in 1912 and fully published it in 1915.
How did the theory form/ start? – Nico

This theory first took form during the late 19th century. Wegener realized that the Atlantic
Coastlines on our planet seemed oddly similar. He was impressed by how it seemed like the
continents could fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. This discovery laid the foundation for the
Continental Drift Theory and for what he called “Pangea”. A supercontinent theorizing that
the continents were once one enormous landmass that split apart due to the movement of
the plates. The Continental Drift Theory then later became more refined with more scientific
evidence and formed the Plate Tectonics theory.
Evidences supporting the Plate Tectonic Theory. – Allanie

FOSSIL EVIDENCE
The continents have moved a great deal in the history of the planet, but they carry records
of where they’ve been. Some of this evidence is the fossils of animals and plants. Tropical
species found in the Antarctic and similar fossils found in western Africa and eastern South
America tell a story of where those land masses used to be. Paleomagnetic evidence is an
even stronger piece of evidence. Magnetic strata within the fossil record show how the land
masses were oriented at different times during Earth’s history. By constructing detailed
records of changes in land mass orientation, scientists can reconstruct paths of tectonic
movement much further back in history than they can from the magnetic striping on the sea
floor.
MOUNTAIN BUILDING EVIDENCE
It may seem like the Rocky Mountains have been there forever, but these mountains are
very young compared to the age of Earth. Mountains form where two continental plates
collide. Since both plates have a similar thickness and weight, neither one will sink under the
other. Instead, they crumple and fold until the rocks are forced up to form a mountain range.
As the plates continue to collide, mountains will get taller and taller. The highest mountains
on Earth are the Himalayas which are forming where thick blocks of continental crust (India
and Asia) collide as a result of plate convergence. Sheared-up mountain ridges and valleys
form in a narrow zone where one plate slides past another at a transform plate boundary.
GLACIERS EVIDENCES
Glacial striations are scratches on the bedrock made by blocks of rock embedded in the ice
as the glacier moves. These show the direction of the glaciers and suggest the ice flowed
from a single central point.
COMPLEMENTARY COASTLINES EVIDENCE
Evidence for plate motion can be seen in various features on Earth. One of these is some of
the continents have complementary coastlines. This suggests that the continents were once
joined together. Alfred Wegener proposed that the continents were once united into a single
supercontinent named Pangaea, meaning all earth in ancient Greek. He suggested that
Pangaea broke up long ago and that the continents then moved to their current positions.
He called his hypothesis continental drift.
EARTHQUAKES ALONG PLATE BOUNDARIES CALLED FAULT LINES
Earthquakes occur along fault lines, cracks in Earth's crust where tectonic plates meet. They
occur where plates are subducting, spreading, slipping, or colliding. As the plates grind
together, they get stuck and pressure builds up. Finally, the pressure between the plates is so
great that they break loose. Our country, the Philippines, is absolutely prone to earthquakes.
Pilipinoʼs experience this most of the time, which just proves to us that the Earth’s
Movement is real.
HOT SPOTS EVIDENCE
It is an intensely hot area in the mantle below Earth's crust. The heat that fuels the hot spot
comes from very deep in the planet. This heat causes the mantle in that region to melt. The
molten magma rises up and breaks through the crust to form a volcano. So as the plate
moves, so does the volcano, and another one forms in its place. The volcano that moved is
no longer active. This is why a chain of extinct volcanoes is often found extending from a hot
spot.
Types of Plate Boundaries - Hanna

Tectonic plate boundaries can be broadly categorized into three categories: convergent
boundaries, where plates move towards each other, divergent boundaries, where plates
move away from each other, and transform boundaries, where plates glide past one other
horizontally. Understanding different geological processes like earthquakes, volcanic activity,
and the creation of mountain ranges depends heavily on these limits.
Types and Examples of Convergent Plates - Ely

Converging plates are found at plate boundaries where two tectonic plates collide with one
another.
Oceanic and continental plate Convergence: An oceanic plate is subducted beneath a

continental plate due to its greater density. This often results in the formation of deep-sea
trenches, volcanic arcs, and earthquakes. An example is the subduction of the Pacific Plate
beneath the North American Plate, which creates the Cascade Range in the Northwest.
Oceanic and Oceanic Convergence: When two oceanic plates converge, the denser and
older plate is subducted beneath the other, leading to the formation of deep-sea trenches,
volcanic islands, and earthquake activity. An example is the convergence between the Pacific
Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate, resulting in the Mariana Trench and the Mariana Islands.
Continental and Continental Convergence: two continental plates collide, and neither is
subducted because of their similar density. This collision can lead to the formation of large
mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas, due to the intense compression and uplifting of
Earth's crust.
Types and Examples of Divergent Plates - Khylle

A Divergent Plate Boundaries occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma (molten rock) rises from the
Earth's mantle to the surface, solidifying to create a new oceanic crust.
Two major types of Divergent Boundaries:

Oceanic and Oceanic Divergent Plate Boundaries occur when two oceanic plates move
away from one another. This is where seafloor spreading takes place.
The Mid-Atlantic Ocean ridge is an example of a spreading center that causes the
divergence of the South American plate and the African plate.
Continental and Continental Divergent Plate Boundaries occur when two plates of
continental lithosphere move away from one another. When a spreading center develops
within a continent, the crust may break into several segments.
The rift valley increases its length and depth as the spreading continues. At this point, the
valley develops into linear sea, similar to the Red Sea today.
The Red Sea was formed by the divergence between the African Plate and the Arabian
Plate.
Types and Examples of Transform Plates- Melissa

Transform Fault Plate Boundaries are tectonic plates that slide horizontally past one another
meaning that the lithosphere is neither created nor destroyed. The plates in this boundary
are held together by friction as they move smoothly sideways in opposite directions. The
movement in this boundary deforms the crust and creates gaps.
Types of transform plate boundaries are oceanic crust and continental crust. Although most
transform faults are located within the ocean basins, there are a few that cut through the
continental crust.
Examples of transform plate boundaries are the San Andreas fault which is the most famous
example of a transform plate boundary. It is between the Pacific and North American plates.
Another example is the Queen Charlotte fault and like the San Andreas fault, it also
separates the Pacific tectonic plate from the North American plate.
Conclusion - Lara
In conclusion, we have gained a profound understanding of the dynamic forces forming our
planet from the lesson on plate tectonics theory. The movement of the Earth's lithospheric
plates and the ensuing geological phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and
the formation of mountain ranges, are explained by this fundamental idea in the earth
sciences. This theory has fundamentally altered how we understand the evolution of the
Earth and its present state. It emphasizes the connection between continents, oceans, and
the important processes taking place below our feet. We can learn about the past, present,
and future of the planet by studying plate tectonics and how it affects everything from
climate patterns to resource distribution. It serves as a reminder of the constantly changing
nature of our world and the value of comprehending it in order to improve both society and
the environment.
Quiz
PT.1 Modified True or False. Write true if the statement is correct. If false, replace the
incorrect word.
1. The Earth’s lithosphere is broken into segments called floors.
2. Plates moving toward each other is called Convergent.
3. Plate Tectonics is the movement of the plates over the Asthenosphere.
4. Continental Plates are the plates with greater density and are underwater.
5. The lithosphere is made up of the crust and lower mantle.
PT.2 Fill in the Blanks
The 1._______ (Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics) Theory explains that the Earth’s 2._____
(Lithosphere, Asthenosphere) is divided into plates. These plates move in 3 ways that result
in different geological occurrences. 3.______ (Convergence, Divergence) occurs when two
plates move toward each other, causing the formation of mountains, and volcanoes, and
4._____ (Rift Valleys, Trenches). 5._____ (Convergence, Divergence) occurs when two
plates move away from each other, creating ocean ridges, and 6.___ (Rift Valleys, Trenches).
Transform plate occurs when two horizontal plates slide past one another in the 7._____ (
same, opposite) direction. These plates generally create the strongest 8._____ ( Volcanoes,
Earthquakes). 9.____ ( Albert Einstein, Alfred Wegener) was a 10._____ (German, French)
Scientist that formulated this theory.

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SCI REPORTING LESSON INFO

How did the theory form/ start? – Nico

Evidences supporting the Plate Tectonic Theory. – Allanie

Types of Plate Boundaries - Hanna

Types and Examples of Convergent Plates - Ely

Oceanic and continental plate Convergence: An oceanic plate is subducted beneath a

Types and Examples of Divergent Plates - Khylle

Two major types of Divergent Boundaries:

Types and Examples of Transform Plates- Melissa

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