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    Dynamics1 10

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    caganhas
    1. The document discusses work, energy, and conservation of energy as they relate to particles and forces. It defines work as force times displacement for constant and variable forces as well as gravity and springs. 2. Potential energy is defined for gravity and springs. Conservative forces are those whose work is path independent, and can be described by a potential function. 3. The principle of conservation of energy states that the total mechanical energy, the sum of kinetic and potential energy, remains constant for a system with conservative forces. Friction forces are nonconservative.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dynamics1 10

    Uploaded by

    caganhas
    8 views6 pages
    1. The document discusses work, energy, and conservation of energy as they relate to particles and forces. It defines work as force times displacement for constant and variable forces as well as gravity and springs. 2. Potential energy is defined for gravity and springs. Conservative forces are those whose work is path independent, and can be described by a potential function. 3. The principle of conservation of energy states that the total mechanical energy, the sum of kinetic and potential energy, remains constant for a system with conservative forces. Friction forces are nonconservative.

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    Dynamics1_10

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    1. The document discusses work, energy, and conservation of energy as they relate to particles and forces. It defines work as force times displacement for constant and variable forces as well as gravity and springs. 2. Potential energy is defined for gravity and springs. Conservative forces are those whose work is path independent, and can be described by a potential function. 3. The principle of conservation of energy states that the total mechanical energy, the sum of kinetic and potential energy, remains constant for a system with conservative forces. Friction forces are nonconservative.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views6 pages

    Dynamics1 10

    Uploaded by

    caganhas
    1. The document discusses work, energy, and conservation of energy as they relate to particles and forces. It defines work as force times displacement for constant and variable forces as well as gravity and springs. 2. Potential energy is defined for gravity and springs. Conservative forces are those whose work is path independent, and can be described by a potential function. 3. The principle of conservation of energy states that the total mechanical energy, the sum of kinetic and potential energy, remains constant for a system with conservative forces. Friction forces are nonconservative.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1

    KINETICS OF A PARTICLE: WORK AND ENERGY


    Work of a Force

    Work of a Constant Force in Rectilinear Motion


    2

    Work of the Force of Gravity

    Work of the Force Exerted by a Spring


    3

    Principle of Work and Energy

    A1 : s  s1 v  v1
    A2 : s  s2 v  v2

    or

    Power

    Mechanical efficiency

    Because of energy losses due to friction, the output work is always smaller than the input work, and
    consequently, the power output is always smaller than the power input. The mechanical efficiency of a machine
    is therefore always less than 1.
    4

    CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
    Potential Energy
    Gravitational potential energy on earth

    Elastic potential energy


    5

    Conservative Forces
    A force F acting on a particle A is said to be conservative if its work U12 is independent of the path followed
    by the particle A as it moves from A1 to A2.

    V  x, y, z  : potential energy (or potential function)

    Note: If A2 is chosen to coincide with A1, we have V1=V2 and the work is zero. Thus, for any conservative force
    F, we can write

    *
    6

    The elementary work of a conservative force is an exact differential.

    Principle of Conservation of Energy

    The sum of the kinetic energy and of the potential energy of the particle remains constant.
    The sum T + V is called the total mechanical energy of the particle.

    Note: Friction forces are nonconservative, or path-dependent, forces.

    References:
    (1) F.P. Beer, E.R. Johnston, P.J. Cornwell, B. Self, “Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics”.
    (2) R.C. Hibbeler, “Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics”.

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