Amies A 114 - 3

SAUDI ARAMCO TOTAL PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX
Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
Excavation and Backfill AMIES-A-114
AMIES-A-114
Excavation and Backfill
Based on JERES-A-114 rev. 1C
“Any modification on the AMIRAL standard is not retroactive and does not require
implementation or modification to existing facilities.”
This Engineering Standard defines the requirements for excavation, placement, inspection,
and management of earth and rock materials during construction and/or maintenance.
The present document or drawing is property of SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY and TOTAL RAFFINAGE CHIMIE S.A. and
shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or indirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed or used,
without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the
extent of the agreed upon right of use.
Page 1 of 17
Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
Table of Contents
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 4
2 Conflicts, Deviations and Clarifications .......................................................................... 4
3 References ........................................................................................................................ 4
4 Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 5
5 General ............................................................................................................................. 6
6 Fill and Backfill ............................................................................................................. 10
7 Excavation ..................................................................................................................... 15
Page 3 of 17
Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
1 Scope
This Engineering Standard defines the requirements for excavation, placement,
inspection, and management of earth and rock materials during construction and/or
maintenance.
2 Conflicts, Deviations and Clarifications

2.1 Any conflicts between this standard and other applicable Company Engineering
Standards (AMIES), Material Specifications (AMIMS), Standard Drawings
(AMISD), Engineering Procedures (AMIEP), Company Forms or Industry
standards, specifications, Codes and forms shall be brought to the attention of
Company Representative by the Contractor for resolution.
Until the resolution is officially made by the Company Representative, the most
stringent requirement shall govern.
2.2 Where a licensor specification is more stringent than those of this standard, the
Licensor’s specific requirement shall apply.
2.3 Where applicable Codes or Standards are not called by this standard or its
requirements are not clear, it shall be brought to attention of Company
Representative by Contractor for resolution.
2.4 Direct all requests for deviations or clarifications in writing to the Company or its
Representative who shall follow internal Company procedure and provide final
resolution.
3 References
The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance,
and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the
latest edition of the references listed below as of the CUT-OFF DATE as specified
in the Contract unless otherwise noted.
3.1 Company References
Company Engineering Standards
AMIES-A-111 Borrow Pit Requirements
AMIES-L-450 Construction of on-Land and Near-Shore Pipelines
AMIES-L-460 Pipeline Crossings Under Roads and Railroads
AMIES-Q-001 Criteria for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures
AMIES-Q-006 Asphalt Concrete Paving
AMIES-Q-007 Foundations and Supporting Structures for Heavy Machinery
AMIES-S-070 Installation of Utility Piping Systems
Page 4 of 17
Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
Company Manuals
Company Blasting Services Manual
Inspection document "Schedule Q"
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards
American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM C136 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
ASTM D422 Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
ASTM D1140 Standard Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer
Than the No. 200 (75-um) Sieve
ASTM D1556 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by the Sand-Cone Method
ASTM D1557 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using
Modified Effort 56,000 ft-lbf/ft³ (2700 KN- M/M³)
ASTM D2167 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
ASTM D2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
ASTM D2922 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soils and Soil-
Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
ASTM D2937 Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
Drive-Cylinder Method
ASTM D4253 Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a
Vibratory Table
ASTM D4254 Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and
Calculation of Relative Density
ASTM D4318 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils
Process Industry Practices
PIP CVS02100 Site Preparation, Excavation, and Backfill Specification
4 Definitions
4.1 Definitions presented in this Standard and other AMIRAL documents have
precedence over other definitions. Conflicts between various definitions shall be
brought to the attention of Company Representative by the Contractor for resolution.
Company: AMIRAL (Saudi Aramco and Total Petrochemical Complex).
Company Representative: A designated person from the Company or an assigned
third party representative with overall authority and responsibility for the Project.
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Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
Company Inspector: A designated person or an agency responsible for conducting

inspection activities on behalf of the Company.
Contract or Contract Documents: Any and all documents, including design
drawings, which Company has transmitted or otherwise communicated, either by
incorporation or by reference, and made part of the legal contract or purchase order
agreement between Company and the Contractor.
Contractor: The party responsible for performing excavation and backfill, including
work executed through the use of sub-contractors
4.2 List of Definitions
Brackish Water: Water with Total Dissolved Solids of 10,000 ppm or more.
Clean Sand: Soil meeting the following gradation containing less than 3% weight
of organic material or clay:
Sieve Size Percent Passing
¼ in (6.25 mm) 100
No. 10 (2.00 mm) 90 - 100
No. 200 (0.075 mm) 10 or less
Dune Sand: is wind-deposited sand consisting of relatively single-sized particles
generally passing the No. 16 sieve (1.18 mm) and usually containing less than 10%
soil particles passing the No. 200 sieve (0.074 mm).
Fill Material: see section 6.2.1.
Hard Rock: see Rock Excavation, section 7.5.
Marl: is a wide variety of calcareous soil materials found in Saudi Arabia which
may vary from clay to gravel sizes and often include cobble and boulder sized pieces.
Rocks: have various hardness and engineering properties. "Rock" may refer to
anything from boulder-size individual pieces to hard, intact bedrock. See section 7.5
for classification of rock by excavation methods.
Sabkha: is a saline (generally coastal) deposit generally consisting of saturated,
loose silty sand and possibly clay.
Select Fill Material: see section 6.2.2
Soft Rock: see Normal Excavation, section 7.5.
5 General
5.1 Quality Control
Page 6 of 17
Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
The Contractor shall institute a quality control program that will verify or ensure that
the work performed under the contract meets the requirements of this Standard and
the design drawings as per Inspection document "Schedule Q". Company shall have
access to all facilities and records of the Contractor for the purpose of conducting
performance inspection/audits. During the audit, any inspection, test reports, and/or
engineering analyses and calculations associated with the scope of work shall be
furnished upon request.
Inspection & Testing Agency
5.1.1 The Contractor's quality control testing requirements shall be performed by either a
Company -approved independent testing agency or by the Contractor's own
laboratory, approved by the Company Inspection Department.
5.1.2 All required laboratory and field acceptance tests required in Section 6.3.3 and all
seismic refraction testing required in Section 7.5 shall be performed by a Company -
approved independent testing agency.
5.1.3 If testing and/or inspection is done by Company, this does not relieve the Contractor
of the responsibility to meet all requirements of this Standard. Should it be later found
that some work has been completed not in compliance with this Standard, it shall
remain the Contractor's responsibility to repair or reconstruct deficient work until
specifications are met at no cost to Company.
5.2 Submittals
The Contractor shall be responsible for transmitting the following submittals to the
Company Representative:
5.2.1 Bi-weekly reports including all test logs and comments. These reports include:
density and moisture content test logs indicating location by coordinates and elevation
and Progressive Number. A complete record of all test logs and comments, compiled
at earthwork completion, for permanent project records, shall also be submitted.
5.2.2 Borrow (Fill) Materials and Water. Sources and test results of all borrow materials
and compaction water used for fill prior to beginning fill operations.
5.2.3 Excavation Plan, submitted to Loss Prevention as per the Construction Safety
Manual, Part II, Section 2.1. All shoring and sheeting materials and systems will meet
the minimum requirements established within the Construction Safety Manual, Part
II, Section 2. If excavation bracing is required, the Contractor shall:
a) Describe the materials and shoring system to be used.
b) Indicate whether or not any components will remain after filling or backfilling.
c) Provide plans, sketches, and/or detail along with calculations prepared by
Company or a licensed engineering establishment.
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Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
d) Indicate the sequence and method of shoring installation and removal.

5.2.4 Dewatering. If dewatering of an excavation is required, the Contractor shall submit
proposed methods and details to the Company Representative for review, before
beginning dewatering and excavation.
5.3 Environmental
5.3.1 Contaminated Soils and Waters
Known contaminated soils within the construction limits shall be managed in
accordance with a contaminated soil management plan provided by Company prior
to the start of excavation. If unexpected soil contamination is encountered during the
work, the Contractor shall stop work and notify the Company Representative
immediately. Clause 5.3.1.1 specify the minimum management requirement for
Contaminated Soils and Waters.
5.3.1.1 Contaminated/polluted excavates and landfills shall not be imported or re-used within
the Company sites. They shall be stored in adequate area to prevent further soils/water
tables contaminations before remediation.
Water to be discharged that is potentially contaminated shall be managed in
accordance with contract documents.
5.3.2 Erosion/Sediment Control
The Contractor shall ensure that all areas shall be maintained using temporary
erosion and sediment control measures during construction or until relieved by the
Company Representative or until permanent measures are completed and
functioning in a satisfactory manner.
5.3.3 Dust Control
The Contractor shall employ dust control measures during construction. The
adequacy of the dust control shall be determined by the Company Representative.
5.4 Drainage and Dewatering
5.4.1 All temporary drainage and dewatering methods and disposal of water are subject to
approval by Company.
5.4.2 The Contractor shall employ temporary drainage measures during construction.
Ponding of water on placed fill or within excavations shall not be allowed.
5.4.3 Surface water shall be prevented from flowing into excavations by ditching,
trenching, forming protective swales, pumping, or other approved measures.
5.4.4 If required in the contract documents, prior to excavation, an approved dewatering
system shall be installed and operated when necessary to lower the groundwater.
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Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
5.4.5 All diverted and pumped water shall flow to specified collection areas and shall be
disposed of as directed by the Company Representative. Excavations for foundations
and other underground installations shall not be used as temporary drainage ditches.
5.5 Safety and Protection
All excavation and trenching shall be done in accordance with all Company safety
requirements including, but not limited to all relevant AMIRAL General Instructions
and any related environmental or Land use permit.
5.5.1 Required Permits
All necessary permits must be obtained from Company, prior to performing any
earthwork. One or more of the following permits are required as applicable:
− Company Form "Work Permit" as needed.
− Other applicable Company Permits as specified in the Project Execution Plan.
5.5.2 Safety
5.5.2.1 The Contractor shall place and maintain in good condition temporary fences,
guardrails, barricades, lights, shoring, bracing, and other protective measures required
for the safety of personnel and the premises as described in the Company
Construction Safety Manual.
5.5.2.2 A clear space of at least 0.6 m (2 ft) shall be maintained on all sides of an excavation
or trench. When any excavation or trench reaches a depth of 1.2 m (4 ft) or when soil
banks are greater than 1.5 m (5 ft), shoring shall be installed or the sides shall be
sloped or benched and the trench treated as a confined space in accordance with the
Company Construction Safety Manual. A safe means of entry and exit shall be
provided for all excavations and trenches every 7.5m.
5.5.2.3 Excavations shall be inspected daily by the Contractor for possible cave-ins, failures
of protective systems and equipment, hazardous atmospheres or other hazardous
conditions. Inspection shall also be done after rains and blasting. If there is an unsafe
condition, workers shall not be allowed to enter the excavation.
5.5.2.4 Unless otherwise specified, all known utilities within the project limits will be located
and marked by Company or noted in the contract documents prior to earthwork. In
addition, the Contractor shall contact all Company utilities departments to determine
the locations of underground utilities.
Other utility locations may become evident as earthwork progresses which may
necessitate work to stop until utilities are identified and specific direction is provided
by Company. Whenever the presence of underground utilities is known or suspected
or the excavation is around or near electrical substations, mechanical excavators
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Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
shall not be used until all underground utilities have been exposed by hand
excavation.
5.5.3 Protection
5.5.3.1 No excavation is permitted under existing foundations. Excavations are not allowed
to intersect a 45 degree plane extending downward from the bottom edge of existing
foundations unless an engineered support system is in place prior to the start of work
or the excavation is in stable rock.
5.5.3.2 Excavations adjacent to existing underground installations (e.g., piping, manholes,
electrical and duct banks) or sidewalks shall use bracing and shoring to protect those
installations during construction.
5.5.3.3 All reference points, property markers, bench marks, etc., will be carefully
maintained during excavation, backfilling, compaction and earthwork. Unless
otherwise specified, damage to a reference point by the Contractor during
performance of the work shall be repaired or replaced by the Contractor to the
satisfaction of the Company Representative at no cost to Company.
5.5.3.4 The Contractor shall be responsible for preserving and avoiding damage to trees,
shrubs, and all other vegetation in the areas beyond the designated excavation area.
5.5.4 Rock Blasting
All rock blasting shall follow the procedures in the Company Blasting Services
Manual.
5.5.5 Hazards
Whenever Company determines that any excavation or embankment or fill on
Company property which was created by a Contractor and which is a hazard to life
and limb, or endangers property, or adversely affects the safety, use or stability of a
roadway or drainage channel, the responsible contractor, upon receipt of a notice in
writing from Company, shall immediately repair or eliminate such excavation or
embankment so as to eliminate the hazard.
6 Fill and Backfill

6.1 General
Fill and backfill materials shall be from either on-site excavation, designated borrow
areas, or off-site sources conforming to the following criteria or as recommended by
a geotechnical report. All borrow material and its source of supply shall be approved
by Company. Stockpiles of cohesive soil shall be protected from freezing.
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Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
6.2 Fill and Backfill Materials

Fill or backfill materials shall meet the requirements given in Sections 6.2.1 or 6.2.2
below. Other fill materials may be used with the approval of the Company
Representative, Civil Engineering Unit, Mechanical & Civil Engineering Division,
Consulting Services Department.
'Fill Material' shall be used for all fills except where 'Select Fill Material' is specified.
As a minimum, 'Select Fill Material' shall be used within 0.6 m (2 ft) of the bottom
elevation of foundations, spread footings, or slabs-on-grade when fill is required to
achieve final grade. 'Select Fill Material' shall also be specified for backfill which
will be in contact with concrete or steel structures.
Commentary Note:
Foundations may be constructed directly on undisturbed soil. Excavation of

undisturbed soil and replacement with Select Fill Material should not be performed
except as noted in 7.2.2 or as recommended in a geotechnical report.
Soils shall be classified per ASTM D2487.

6.2.1 Fill Material
Fill material shall consist of gravel, sand and/or marl. The maximum size of the fill
material shall be one-half the lift thickness or 75 mm (3 inches), whichever is less.
Fill material shall be free of frozen lumps, organic matter, trash, chunks of highly
plastic clay or other unsatisfactory material.
6.2.2 Select Fill Material
Select fill shall be composed only of inorganic material and shall have 100% passing
the 5 cm (2 in) sieve and from 0 to 20% passing the No. 200 sieve. That portion of
the material passing the No. 40 sieve shall have a maximum liquid limit of 35 and a
maximum plasticity index of 12 per ASTM D4318. Liquid limit and plastic limit
tests are not required for select fill material with less than 15% passing the No. 200
sieve.
6.2.3 Compaction Water
Water used for compaction of fill material shall be reasonably free of salts, oil, acid,
alkalis, organic matter, or other deleterious substances. Use of water with a TDS in
excess of 10,000 ppm such as brackish water, seawater or water obtained from
ground pits such as subkha water is not allowed unless it is proven and verified by
the Company Representative and the Project Inspection Representative that there is
no other source of water available within 20km and all concrete to be supported by
or buried within the fill is designed for either Exposure Type II or III as defined in
AMIES-Q-001 Table 1.
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July 2021
Rev: 3
6.3 Performance Requirements

6.3.1 Site Preparation of Areas to Receive Fill, Pavement or Loads
6.3.1.1 Areas to receive fill, foundations, or pavement or areas to be used in the future to
support structural loads shall be prepared in accordance with PIP CVS02100, Section
4.3.1, and shall be free of roots, trash, or other foreign material. Stripping, clearing
and grubbing shall be completed in accordance with PIP CVS02100, Sections 6.1.1
and 6.1.2.
6.3.1.2 All areas to receive fill, foundations, or pavement or areas to be used in the future to
support structural loads shall have the in-situ soil proof rolled and inspected, after
clearing and grubbing, for soft spots or loose zones. Proof roll may be defined as
crossing the area with a heavy (minimum10-ton weight) rubber-tire or steel-wheel
roller.
6.3.1.3 All observed soft spots or loose zones shall be compacted in-place or excavated to
firm soil and replaced with properly compacted fill.
6.3.1.4 The top 6 inches (150 mm) of any area to receive fill, foundations, pavement or areas
to be used in the future to support structural loads shall be scarified and recompacted.
The density of the top 6 inches (150 mm) in these areas shall not be less than that
required in paragraph 6.3.2.5 at the time that the fill, foundation, pavement, or
concrete is applied.
6.3.2 Fill Placement and Compaction
6.3.2.1 Compacting shall begin only after the fill or backfill has been properly placed and the
material to be compacted is at the proper moisture content. Compaction shall be
performed with equipment compatible with soil type.
6.3.2.2 Fill material shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 200 mm (8 in) in loose depth. Fill
materials shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 100 mm (4 in) in loose depth for hand-
operated compaction. Other lift thicknesses may be approved by the appropriate
Company Representative based on a field test section using the intended compaction
equipment.
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Issuer: PMT
July 2021
Rev: 3
Commentary Notes:
Impact rollers can compact soils in lifts exceeding 1 m.
Rapid Impact Compaction (sometimes referred to as shallow dynamic

compaction or rapid dynamic compaction) can compact soils in lifts up to 4 m
provided the following:
o Presence of non-cohesive (sandy) materials.

o Particles finer than No. 200 sieve shall not exceed 15%.
o Trials to be undertaken (prior of the main production works) for verifying
the suitability of such method and the parameters to be utilized.
o In-situ Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) should be used for verifying
compliance to project specifications (acceptance criteria are related to the
requirements of Relative Density as per Section 6.3.2.5). Such tests should
be undertaken on treated ground between Rapid Impact Compaction points
as per ASTM D5778.
See Section 6.3.3.3 for use of a method statement for compaction procedure with
reduced testing requirements.
6.3.2.3 Fill and backfill adjacent to structures such as retaining walls, pits, and basements
shall not be compacted with heavy equipment, but shall be compacted with hand-
operated equipment to a distance of 1.2 meters (4 feet) or greater beyond the sides of
the structures. Every effort shall be made to place backfill materials symmetrically
and in uniform layers to prevent unnecessary eccentric loading on a structure or
foundation.
6.3.2.4 Bedding and backfill for pipeline and utility trenches shall conform to AMIES-L-450,
AMIES-L-460, or AMIES-S-070 as applicable.
6.3.2.5 Fill or backfill placed beneath footings, grade beams, mats, buildings, and process
areas shall be compacted to at least 95% of the maximum Modified Proctor density
as determined by ASTM D1557. For cohesionless free draining soils, 85% relative
density as determined by ASTM D4253 and ASTM D4254 shall be used.
For foundation static loads over 320 kPa (6500 psf) and foundations for vibrating or
heavy machinery as defined in AMIES-Q-007, and for asphalt and concrete
pavement sub-grades, fill shall be compacted to 85% relative density for cohesion-
less soils or 95% of the maximum density as determined by ASTM D1557 for
cohesive materials.
When the backfill material cannot clearly be classified as cohesive or cohesion-less
both relative density and Proctor density tests must be performed per the above
paragraph. The backfill shall then be compacted to the greater density.
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Rev: 3
6.3.2.6 All other fill shall be compacted to a density equal to that shown on the drawings or
equal to that of the adjacent in-situ material as appropriate.
6.3.2.7 The moisture content of the material being compacted shall be within 3%, plus or
minus, of the optimum moisture content as determined by ASTM D1557. However,
when ASTM D4253/ASTM D4254 are the appropriate test procedures, there is no
applicable optimum moisture content.
6.3.2.8 Compaction by water jetting or flooding is not permitted for most fill material.
However, flooding may be used if the fill material is cohesionless freely draining
sand.
6.3.2.9 In no case shall compaction be allowed on slopes greater than 1 (V) to 5 (H) (20%
slope). A series of horizontal benches, steps, or terraces, at least 10 feet (3048 mm)
wide, should be cut into existing and natural slopes prior to adding new fill.
Construction of new slopes shall be accomplished by compacting horizontal fill
layers at least 1 roller width beyond the design edge of the slope and then trimming
back to achieve the final slope dimensions.
6.3.2.10 If clean sand or dune sand is used for fill, surface protection will be required. A cap
layer of compacted cohesive material 150 to 300 mm (6 to 12 in) in thickness will
generally be sufficient. Capping material shall have a maximum size of one-half lift
thickness or 75 mm (3 in), whichever is less, and shall have between 11-35% passing
the No. 200 sieve. The capping material shall have a maximum liquid limit of 35 and
a maximum plasticity index of 12, per ASTM D4318. Final slopes shall be protected
from erosion.
6.3.2.11 Compacted surfaces of fill and backfill shall be finish graded to the cross sections,
lines, grades, and elevations as indicated on the drawings.
6.3.3 Testing
6.3.3.1 Gradation, density, and moisture content control tests shall be performed at the
following minimum frequencies: one standard sieve analysis (ASTM C136, ASTM
D422 or ASTM D1140) and one Modified Proctor Test per ASTM D1557 with
corresponding Proctor curve performed for each type of fill material or where there
is a change in the type or the source of material. For cohesionless free draining soils,
ASTM D4253 Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory
Table and ASTM D4254 Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soil and
Calculation of Relative Density shall also be performed.
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Rev: 3
6.3.3.2 In-place density and moisture content of soils shall be determined by the sand-cone
method per ASTM D1556, nuclear method per ASTM D2922, the rubber balloon
method per ASTM D2167, or the drive-cylinder method per ASTM D2937.
Acceptance testing of in-place density and moisture content (field density testing) on
compacted fill will be performed at the following rates:
1) Under all foundations - one test every 1000 ft² (90 m²) of each lift.
2) Under area paving - one test every 2000 ft² (180 m²) of each lift.
3) Road base and sub-base - one test every 2000 ft² (180 m²) of base or sub-base.
4) Backfill of trenches - one test for every 50 linear ft (15 m) of each lift.
5) General fill - one test every 5000 ft² (460 m²) of each lift.
6.3.3.3 As a minimum, at least one in-place density test must be performed on every lift of
fill and further placement shall not be allowed until the required density has been
achieved.
The number of tests shall be increased if a visual inspection determines that the
moisture content is not uniform or if the compacting effort is variable and not
considered sufficient to attain the specified density.
The Project Inspection Representative may approve a decrease in the number of tests
once a compaction procedure has proven to meet compaction requirements.
6.4 Base Course
The base course for roads, parking areas, and other areas to be surfaced shall be
prepared in accordance with AMIES-Q-006.
7 Excavation
7.1 General Excavation
General excavation shall be performed after clearing and grubbing has been
completed in accordance with PIP CVS02100, Section 6.
7.2 Structural Excavation
Structural excavation shall include excavations for footings, grade beams, pits,
basements, retaining walls, man holes, catch basins, pipeline thrust anchors, etc.
7.2.1 Excavation shall be performed as required by the design drawings to the dimensions,
grades, and elevations as noted and as required for formwork and allowance for
compaction equipment.
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7.2.2 When soft and compressible soil is encountered at footing grades as shown on the
drawings, such soil shall be removed and replaced with compacted fill or backfill as
specified in Sections 6.2 and 6.3.2 or lean (2000 psi minimum 28-day compressive
strength) concrete.
7.2.3 Over-excavation at footings shall be backfilled with compacted fill or backfill as
specified in Sections 6.2 and 6.3.2 or lean (2000 psi minimum 28-day compressive
strength) concrete.
7.3 Earthen Structures
Earthen structures include permanent work items such as ponds, canals, ditches, etc.
Excavation for such work shall be made to the lines, grades, and cross sections as
shown on the drawings.
7.3.1 Side slopes of excavations shall be cut true and straight and shall be graded to the
proper cross section. Unstable soil in the slopes shall be removed and the slopes
properly prepared. The bottoms of excavations shall be graded to the elevations and
configurations as shown on the drawings.
7.3.2 Over excavation shall be backfilled with suitable material and compacted in
accordance with Section 6.3.2.
7.4 Trenching
Trenching for pipelines and underground utilities shall conform to AMIES-L-450,
AMIES-L-460, or AMIES-S-070 as appropriate.
7.5 Rock Excavation
Seismic velocities will be the sole factor in determining the appropriate category for
the excavation of rock. Excavation of rock will fall into the following categories,
based on the seismic velocities measured in the field by refraction seismic testing.
7.5.1 Normal Excavation
Normal Excavation is excavation that can be accomplished using rippers (defined as
soils and rock falling within the CAT D9N "rippable" range of seismic velocities as
shown in the Caterpillar Handbook of Ripping, latest edition) and/or heavy backhoes
(for trenches and isolated small excavations, defined as soils or rock with seismic
velocities of 1530 mps or less) operated in accordance with good construction
practice. Normal excavation includes all soils and also includes soft, weathered
and/or fractured rock that does not require blasting or pneumatic rock breakers to
facilitate excavation.
7.5.2 Rock Excavation
Rock Excavation is excavation that cannot be accomplished using rippers (defined
as soils and rock falling outside the CAT D9N "rippable" range of seismic velocities
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Rev: 3
as shown in the Caterpillar Handbook of Ripping, latest edition) and/or heavy

backhoes (for trenches and isolated small excavations, defined as rock having
seismic velocities greater than 1530 mps) and which requires blasting or pneumatic
rock breakers to facilitate excavation.
7.6 Disposal of Materials
All excavated materials that are unsatisfactory for use as fill or backfill or that are
surplus to that needed for backfilling shall immediately be disposed of at a location
designated by the Company Representative.
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SAUDI ARAMCO TOTAL PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX

Based on JERES-A-114 rev. 1C

2 Conflicts, Deviations and Clarifications

Company Inspector: A designated person or an agency responsible for conducting

d) Indicate the sequence and method of shoring installation and removal.

6 Fill and Backfill

6.2 Fill and Backfill Materials

Foundations may be constructed directly on undisturbed soil. Excavation of

Soils shall be classified per ASTM D2487.

6.3 Performance Requirements

Impact rollers can compact soils in lifts exceeding 1 m.

Rapid Impact Compaction (sometimes referred to as shallow dynamic

o Presence of non-cohesive (sandy) materials.

as shown in the Caterpillar Handbook of Ripping, latest edition) and/or heavy

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