Communication and Personality Development

Assignment Set – 1
1) What are the two theories related to evolution of language? Explain.
There are several theories related to the evolution of language, but two prominent ones are
the "Linguistic Determinism" theory and the "Social Interaction" theory. Here's an
explanation of each:
a) Linguistic Determinism:
The Linguistic Determinism theory, also known as the "strong Whorfian hypothesis,"
suggests that language determines the way we think and perceive the world. According
to this theory, language shapes our thoughts and influences our cognitive processes. In
other words, the structure and vocabulary of a language directly impact how individuals
perceive and understand reality.
This theory proposes that the development of complex language abilities played a
crucial role in human evolution. It suggests that as language evolved, it allowed humans
to conceptualize abstract ideas, communicate complex thoughts, and share knowledge,
which in turn influenced their behavior, problem-solving abilities, and cultural
development.
However, it's important to note that the strong version of Linguistic Determinism has
been widely criticized and is not universally accepted. Many linguists and cognitive
scientists argue that while language can influence thought processes to some extent, it
does not entirely determine them.
b) Social Interaction:
The Social Interaction theory, also known as the "interactionist perspective," focuses
on the social and communicative aspects of language evolution. This theory suggests
that language emerged as a result of social cooperation and interaction among early
humans.
According to this theory, language initially evolved as a means for early humans to
coordinate their actions, share information, and establish social bonds. It emphasizes
the role of communication and cooperation in the development of language. Early
human communities needed effective ways to convey information, coordinate hunting
and gathering activities, share knowledge about the environment, and transmit cultural
practices.
The Social Interaction theory highlights the importance of factors such as social
cooperation, cultural transmission, and the need for efficient communication systems
in driving the evolution of language. It suggests that language evolved as a tool for
social interaction and played a crucial role in the development and cohesion of early
human societies.
It's worth noting that these theories are not mutually exclusive, and elements of both linguistic
determinism and social interaction likely played a role in the evolution of language. The study
of language evolution is complex, and researchers continue to explore and debate these theories
to gain a better understanding of how language emerged and developed in our species.
2) Define sentence. Describe all types of sentence with two example each.

A sentence is a grammatical unit that expresses a complete thought. It typically consists of

a subject (the entity or person the sentence is about) and a predicate (the part of the sentence
that provides information about the subject).
There are four main types of sentences based on their structure and function:
a) Declarative Sentences:
Declarative sentences make statements or convey information. They are the most
common type of sentence and end with a period (full stop).
Example 1: "I love hiking in the mountains."
Example 2: "The sun sets in the west."

b) Interrogative Sentences: I
nterrogative sentences ask questions. They are used to seek information and typically
end with a question mark.
Example 1: "Did you finish your homework?"
Example 2: "What time is the meeting?"

c) Imperative Sentences:
Imperative sentences give commands, instructions, or make requests. They are used to
direct or persuade someone to do something and usually do not include a specific
subject (you is often implied). They end with either a period or an exclamation mark.
Example 1: "Please close the door."
Example 2: "Study hard for the exam!"

d) Exclamatory Sentences:
Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions, excitement, or surprise. They typically
end with an exclamation mark.
Example 1: "What a beautiful sunset!"
Example 2: "I can't believe we won the game!"
These are the basic sentence types, but sentences can also be further categorized based on
their purpose, such as narrative sentences, conditional sentences, or comparative sentences.
The examples provided above illustrate the four main types of sentences, each serving a
distinct purpose in communication.
3) Illustrate the steps of making a flashcard by choosing any word of your choice. You
may use diagrams.
Communication and Personality Development
Assignment Set – 2
4) What are the different types of ques ons that can be asked from a Reading
Comprehension? Explain.
When it comes to reading comprehension, different types of questions can be asked to
assess a reader's understanding of the text. Here are some common types of questions:
a) Literal Questions:
Literal questions focus on retrieving explicit information directly stated in the text.
These questions require you to identify specific details, facts, or events mentioned in
the passage. The answers can be found explicitly within the text, often in the same
wording.
Example: "According to the passage, what is the main character's name?"
b) Inferential Questions:
Inferential questions require you to make logical deductions or draw conclusions based
on implicit information provided in the text. These questions go beyond the surface
level and require you to use your reasoning skills to understand the meaning behind the
text.
Example: "What can you infer about the character's feelings based on their actions in
the story?"
c) Main Idea Questions:
Main idea questions assess your understanding of the central or most important concept
in a passage. These questions require you to identify the overall message or primary
focus of the text.
Example: "What is the main idea of the passage?"
d) Vocabulary Questions:
Vocabulary questions test your understanding of specific words or phrases used in the
passage. You may be asked to define a word in context, identify synonyms or antonyms,
or understand the meaning of idiomatic expressions.
Example: "In the sentence, 'The storm was brewing on the horizon,' what does 'brewing'
mean?"
e) Cause and Effect Questions:
Cause and effect questions examine the relationships between events or actions in the
passage. You need to identify the reasons (causes) behind certain outcomes (effects) or
vice versa.
Example: "What caused the character to change their mind about the decision?"
f) Author's Purpose Questions:
Author's purpose questions assess why the author wrote the passage and what they
intended to achieve. You need to analyze the text to determine whether the author's
purpose was to inform, persuade, entertain, or express an opinion.
Example: "What is the author's purpose in writing this article?"
g) Structure and Organization Questions:
Structure and organization questions focus on understanding the way the passage is
structured and how ideas are presented. You may be asked about the main headings,
paragraph transitions, or the overall organization of information.
 Example: "Which paragraph provides a counterargument to the main point?"
These are just a few examples of the types of questions commonly found in reading
comprehension exercises. By familiarizing yourself with these question types, you can
develop effective strategies for comprehending and answering questions accurately while
reading a passage.
5) Explain any two parts of speech with their types and usage in English.
The two common parts of speech in English: are nouns and verbs.
 Nouns: Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. They serve
as the subject or object of a sentence and can be singular or plural. Nouns can be
further classified into several types:
a) Proper Nouns:
Proper nouns refer to specific names of people, places, or things and are
capitalized.
Example: John, Paris, Statue of Liberty
b) Common Nouns:
Common nouns are general names for people, places, or things.
Example: dog, city, book
c) Abstract Nouns:
Abstract nouns represent ideas, concepts, or qualities that cannot be perceived
by the senses.
Example: love, happiness, courage
Nouns are used in various ways in English, including as subjects, objects,
possessive forms, and in combination with articles and adjectives to provide more
specific information.

 Verbs:
Verbs are words that express actions, occurrences, or states of being. They are the
main component of a sentence and often determine its tense. Verbs can be
categorized into different types:
a) Action Verbs:
Action verbs depict physical or mental actions performed by the subject.
Example: run, eat, think
b) Linking Verbs:
Linking verbs connect the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, which
provides additional information or describes the subject.
Example: is, seem, become
c) Modal Verbs:
Modal verbs express possibility, necessity, or ability and are used in
combination with the base form of another verb.
 Example: can, should, will
Verbs are crucial for constructing sentences in English, as they indicate the actions
or states described in the sentence. They can also be modified by adverbs or other
verb forms to express different tenses, moods, or aspects.
It's important to note that nouns and verbs are fundamental parts of speech, and their proper
usage is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences in English. By
understanding the types and functions of these parts of speech, you can enhance your
language skills and effectively convey your thoughts and ideas.
6) Explain the four quadrants of the Johari Window in detail. Use your own examples.
The Johari Window is a psychological model that represents how individuals perceive
themselves and how they are perceived by others. It consists of four quadrants that describe
different aspects of self-awareness and interpersonal communication. Let's explore each
quadrant in detail:
a) Open (Arena):
The Open quadrant represents information known to both the individual and others. It
includes the aspects of ourselves that we are aware of and that are also evident to others.
In this quadrant, there is a high level of transparency, trust, and effective
communication.
Example: Let's say you are an excellent public speaker, and you are confident about
your speaking skills. Others have also witnessed your engaging presentations, and they
recognize you as a skilled communicator. This skill is in the Open quadrant because
both you and others are aware of it.
b) Blind Spot:
The Blind Spot quadrant contains information about ourselves that we are unaware of,
but others can see and perceive. These are our behavioral patterns, habits, or traits that
we may not recognize in ourselves, but others may notice and comment on.
Example: Suppose you have a tendency to interrupt others during conversations without
realizing it. You may not be aware of this behavior, but your friends and colleagues may
point it out to you, highlighting that it is a blind spot. Through their feedback, you can
gain awareness of this aspect of your communication style.
c) Hidden (Facade):
The Hidden quadrant consists of information about ourselves that we know but
intentionally keep hidden or choose not to disclose to others. These can be personal
thoughts, emotions, fears, or experiences that we prefer to keep private.
Example: You may have experienced a challenging event in your past that has had a
significant impact on your life, but you choose not to share it with others. This event
and its effects on you reside in the Hidden quadrant, as you are aware of it, but others
are not.
d) Unknown:
The Unknown quadrant represents information that neither the individual nor others are
aware of. It encompasses hidden potentials, undiscovered talents, or unconscious biases
 that have not yet come to light. These aspects remain unexplored and require self-
discovery or feedback from others to uncover.
Example: You might have a natural talent for playing a musical instrument that you
have never explored or considered. Neither you nor others are aware of this talent, so it
remains in the Unknown quadrant until you discover it or someone else brings it to your
attention.
The Johari Window encourages self-awareness and interpersonal growth by expanding the
Open quadrant through self-disclosure, giving and receiving feedback, and embracing
personal development opportunities. It helps individuals understand their blind spots,
uncover hidden aspects, and explore the unknown, leading to enhanced communication,
collaboration, and personal growth.