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    Calculation of Empirical Formulae

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    7170
    1. The document provides examples of how to calculate empirical formulas from percentages of elements in a compound or the masses of elements that react. The steps involve determining the moles of each element and calculating the mole ratio to obtain the simplest whole number ratio that gives the empirical formula. 2. Examples are also given for calculating the masses of products formed or reactants needed in chemical reactions if the mass of one reactant or product is known. This involves using molar masses and mole ratios from balanced chemical equations. 3. Practice problems are provided for determining empirical formulas based on elemental percentages and for calculating masses of reactants and products using mole-mole or mass-mass relationships from balanced chemical equations.

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    Calculation of Empirical Formulae

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    7170
    45 views5 pages
    1. The document provides examples of how to calculate empirical formulas from percentages of elements in a compound or the masses of elements that react. The steps involve determining the moles of each element and calculating the mole ratio to obtain the simplest whole number ratio that gives the empirical formula. 2. Examples are also given for calculating the masses of products formed or reactants needed in chemical reactions if the mass of one reactant or product is known. This involves using molar masses and mole ratios from balanced chemical equations. 3. Practice problems are provided for determining empirical formulas based on elemental percentages and for calculating masses of reactants and products using mole-mole or mass-mass relationships from balanced chemical equations.

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    1. The document provides examples of how to calculate empirical formulas from percentages of elements in a compound or the masses of elements that react. The steps involve determining the moles of each element and calculating the mole ratio to obtain the simplest whole number ratio that gives the empirical formula. 2. Examples are also given for calculating the masses of products formed or reactants needed in chemical reactions if the mass of one reactant or product is known. This involves using molar masses and mole ratios from balanced chemical equations. 3. Practice problems are provided for determining empirical formulas based on elemental percentages and for calculating masses of reactants and products using mole-mole or mass-mass relationships from balanced chemical equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    45 views5 pages

    Calculation of Empirical Formulae

    Uploaded by

    7170
    1. The document provides examples of how to calculate empirical formulas from percentages of elements in a compound or the masses of elements that react. The steps involve determining the moles of each element and calculating the mole ratio to obtain the simplest whole number ratio that gives the empirical formula. 2. Examples are also given for calculating the masses of products formed or reactants needed in chemical reactions if the mass of one reactant or product is known. This involves using molar masses and mole ratios from balanced chemical equations. 3. Practice problems are provided for determining empirical formulas based on elemental percentages and for calculating masses of reactants and products using mole-mole or mass-mass relationships from balanced chemical equations.

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    Calculation of Empirical Formulae.

    Example
    1. A compound contains 75% carbon and 25% hydrogen. What is its empirical
    formula?

    Elements Carbon Hydrogen


    Amount in question (% or mass) 75 25
    Atomic mass (periodic table) 12 1
    Number of moles = Amount in question 75 25
    Atomic mass 12 1
    =6.25 =25

    Mole ratio (divide each number of moles by 6.25 25 Empirical


    the smallest number of moles) 6.25 6.25 formula
    =1 =4 CH4
    Empirical formula C H4

    2. An oxide of carbon contains 27% carbon.


    What is its empirical formula?
    Elements Carbon Oxygen
    Amount in question (% or mass) 27
    Atomic mass (periodic table) 12
    Number of moles = Amount in question 27
    Atomic mass 12
    = 2.25

    Mole ratio (divide each number of moles by =2.25


    the smallest number of moles) 2.25 2.25
    =1 =
    Empirical formula

    3. Fluorspar is made of calcium and fluorine. If 51% is calcium, calculate the


    empirical formula.
    Elements Calcium fluorine
    Amount in question (% or mass)
    Atomic mass (periodic table)
    Number of moles = Amount in question
    Atomic mass

    Mole ratio (divide each number of moles by


    the smallest number of moles)

    Empirical formula
    4. 2.70g of aluminium is combined with 10.65g of chlorine. What is the empirical
    formula of the new substance?
    Elements
    Amount in question (% or mass)
    Atomic mass (periodic table)
    Number of moles = Amount in question
    Atomic mass

    Mole ratio (divide each number of moles by


    the smallest number of moles)

    Empirical formula

    5. 1.68g of iron is combined with 0.48g of oxygen. What is the empirical formula of
    the new compound ?
    Elements
    Amount in question (% or mass)
    Atomic mass (periodic table)
    Number of moles = Amount in question
    Atomic mass

    Mole ratio (divide each number of moles by


    the smallest number of moles)

    Empirical formula

    6. Saltpetre is a potassium salt. It is 13.9% nitrogen ,38.6% potassium and 47.5%


    oxygen. What is its empirical formula? (Hint- the table needs an extra column but
    you work out everything else in the same way)
    Elements
    Amount in question (% or mass)
    Atomic mass (periodic table)
    Number of moles = Amount in question
    Atomic mass

    Mole ratio (divide each number of moles by


    the smallest number of moles)

    Empirical formula

    Extension- This one has an extra twist to it!.


    7.A hydrocarbon has 80% carbon and 20 %hydrogen.
    a) Calculate its empirical formula.
    b) When the mass of a single molecule of this compound was analysed, it was
    found to have a mass of 30g. What must the true (molecular) formula of this
    substance be?
    Calculation of Reacting Masses.

    Example 1
    Calculate the mass of iron sulphide produced when 5.6g of iron reacts
    completely with excess sulphur.

    Equation Fe + S FeS
    This means; 1mole of Fe reacts with 1mole of S to make 1mole of FeS

    How many We are using 5.6g Fe.


    moles are we Number of moles of iron being used is 5.6 = 0.1 Moles
    using? 56
    How many Since 1mole of Fe reacts with 1mole of S to make 1mole of FeS
    moles of Then 0.1 moles of Fe will produce 0.1moles of FeS
    product will
    be made ?
    Amount of 1 mole of FeS = (56+32) = 88g
    product So, 0.1 mole of FeS will have a mass of 0.1x 88 =8.8g
    produced.

    Example 2
    How much carbon would be needed to make 8.8g of carbon dioxide?
    Equation C + O2 CO2
    This means; __mole of C makes 1mole of CO2

    How many We have made __g of CO2


    moles are we 1 mole of CO2 has a mass of _________g
    making? Number of moles of CO2 that have been made =Mass of CO2 made
    Mass of 1mole of CO2

    How many Since 1mole of CO2 is made from 1mole of C,


    moles of This means we must have used ______ moles of C.
    product will
    be made ?
    Amount of Mass of carbon =Relative atomic mass of carbon x number of moles used
    reactant =
    used =

    3.Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) decomposes when heated to give calcium oxide


    (CaO)and carbon dioxide (CO2)
    a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
    b)Calculate the mass of calcium carbonate needed to make 560g of calcium oxide.

    4. Copper carbonate decomposes to give copper oxide and carbon dioxide.


    a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
    b)What mass of copper carbonate is needed to produce 8g of copper oxide?

    5.How much calcium oxide is produced by heating 25 tonnes of calcium carbonate?

    6.What mass of water is produced by completely burning 15kg of butane?

    2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O.

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