Issues in Materials Group 1516

Economic,
Environmental, and Societal

Issues in Materials
Presented By:
Group 15&16
EILINGER, DAX GABRIEL
CANIEDO, GLESTER JOHN
LIWALIW, LECILLE MAE
FLORA, JOHN PAULO
OVERVIEW
 Materials to use in an application can be limited by a number of factors.
Factors such as;
 cost of production
 availability of starting materials (natural resources)
 level of pollution resulting from the manufacturing process
 and amount of waste produced at the end of the lifecycle of the application.
Issues to Address
 What factors affect product cost?
 What factors determine the overall environmental impact of a product?
 For which materials is recycling a viable option?
 What is “Green Design”?
Relation of the 3 Issues
What will you attain if all 3 are considered?
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Sustainable Development will then be Without all 3
considered, how will
attained. you attain Sustainable
development?
Economic Considerations
➢ A product must make economic sense.
✓ the price of a product must be attractive to customers
✓ it must return a sustainable profit to the company.
➢ To minimize product costs, materials engineers should consider three
factors:
✓ component design
✓ material selection
✓ manufacturing technique
➢ Other significant factors include labor & fringe benefits, insurance,
and profit
Total Materials Cycle
Components of “Green Design”
 Reduce - to redesign a product to use less material.

 Reuse - to fabricate a product using material that can be used again.
 Recycle - reprocessing a product at the end of its lifecycle into new raw material
that can be processed into new products.
Recycling Materials
Proper product design facilitates recycling
Advantages Issues
 reduces pollution emissions and ➢ products must be disassembled or
landfill deposits shredded to recover materials, and
collection
➢ transportation costs are significant
factors in the economics
surrounding recycling.
Recycling Metals
Aluminum
is the most commonly recycled nonferrous metal
Advantages Issues
 it takes a lot less energy to recycle  it takes more energy to extract
aluminum. aluminum from bauxite ore, which
requires heating and electrolysis.
 readily forms an oxide that forms a
protective surface.
In iron, oxidation, i.e., rust, does
 This protective surface protects not protect iron from oxygen and
the bulk of the aluminum from water, and significant amounts of
oxidizing further. iron are not recyclable because the
 recovered every time it goes to the iron has been converted to rust.
recycling phase, in contrast to
iron.
Recycling Glass
Glass - most common commercial ceramics.
Advantages Issues
 little economic incentive to recycle  relatively dense, which makes it
glass. expensive to transport which adds
to the costs of recycling.
 The raw materials for producing
glass are inexpensive and readily  must be sorted before being
available. processed during recycling, usually
done manually which adds to costs.
 Not all glass is recyclable, and the
glass comes in many different
forms.
Limits of Recycling
Advantages Issues
 Properly done  can involve energy usage, hazards, labor costs, and
practices by individuals and countries, which can
 it reduces the usage of raw
hamper the efficient implementation of recycling
materials, energy usage, air
plans.
pollution, water pollution, and
greenhouse gas emissions.  Not all materials can be recycled and so materials can
only be recycled a limited number of times due to
degradation (downcycling) each time through the
process.
 Has led to electronic waste from developed countries
being shipped to undeveloped countries for recycling.
 this leads to low wages and terrible conditions for
workers involved in the recycling process and the
release of toxins which are environmental and health
risks for the individuals and their surrounding
communities.
Recycling Polymers
2 Classes
Thermoplastic Thermosetting
 When heated: it melts, and softens  When heated: it hardens
 When cooled: it can be reformed  When cooled: it can’t be reformed and stays hard.
✓ Advantages ✓ Issues
➢ Easily recycled ➢ Much more difficult to recycle.
✓ Issues  It can be ground up and used as filler or processed
➢ Properties degrade with each to be broken down into their underlying base units
reuse. which can be reused. *Note: Which is another
approach to reduce the amount of plastic in our
landfills is development of biodegradable plastic.
General Idea: Plastic can be made to breakdown.

Bioplastics often come from renewable raw materials.
End of Lesson
Summary of Video Highlights
➢ Economic Considerations (Renewable Foodstock) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFXXtO58H5M
➢ Components of “Green Design”
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9GHBdyYcyo
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdbFVBxUchI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2M1XBJeY7ak
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvkyJ0vvW2w
➢ Recycling (Landfill) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leNmp6VLrJA
➢ Recycling Materials - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQen-uq3eUk
➢ Recycling Glass - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhpc0UULjDU
➢ Limits of Recycling – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vej4EH3fMfE
➢ Recycling Polymers - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3m_NtQTnfc
Sources:
Lesson 2: Economic, Environmental, and Societal Issues in Materials Science | MATSE 81: Materials In
Today's World (psu.edu) - https://www.e-education.psu.edu/matse81/node/2080

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Economic,

Environmental, and Societal

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Reduce - to redesign a product to use less material.

General Idea: Plastic can be made to breakdown.

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