Day 2

Semi-Detailed School Dawo Integrated School Grade Level 8
Lesson Plan Teacher Kimberly Ann Q. Bongoyan Learning Area Science

Date and Time January 24, 2023 (7:30-8:30 AM) Quarter 2nd
MELC Explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the earth. (S8ES-IIc-17)
I. Objectives
 Identify whether the seismic wave is a P-wave or S-wave;
 Determine the types of seismic waves that travel through different layers of the Earth; and
 Differentiate the types of Earthquake waves.
II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Earthquakes Waves
B. References: Science 8, Module 3- Earthquakes Waves, pp.,1-21
C. Materials: Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation, Pictures
D. Time Allotment: 60 minutes
III. Procedure
A. Daily Routine (3 minutes)

 Prayer
- Class, please stand. Let us pray. (Interfaith Prayer)
 Greetings
- Good morning everyone! Please be seated.
 Checking of Attendance
- Is anyone absent today?
B. Motivation (15 minutes)

- In our previous lesson, we already discussed earthquakes. You may think of ideas or concepts related to the word,
“Earthquake”. Write your answers on the concept map (Figure 1) and answer the following guide questions by simply
looking at the shaking earth (Figure 2).
Questions:
 What do you think is inside the Earth? Why do you think so?
 How do people know about the Earth’s interior?
 What methods do you think scientists could use in discovering what is inside the Earth?
 Why haven’t scientists been able to journey to the center of the Earth?
C. Presentation of the Lesson
Our lesson for today is about Earthquakes Waves. At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Identify whether the seismic wave is a P-wave or S-wave;
 Determine the types of seismic waves that travel through different layers of the Earth; and
 Differentiate the types of Earthquake waves.
D. Development of the Lesson (25 minutes)
Earthquake Waves
 During an earthquake, the energy released travels, penetrates, and passes through the
earth’s interior in all directions. This energy comes in a form of seismic waves. Seismic
comes from the Greek word “seismo” which means earthquake.
 Thus, earthquake waves give us a picture of the earth’s interior, the way an ultrasound
provides an image of a baby inside the womb. This is why scientists know a bit about the
interior of our home planet, even if no one has gone deep into the Earth yet.
 As seismic waves travel through the body of the Earth, they behave in different ways,
depending on what they encounter along way (Figure 1).
Figure 1. The behavior of seismic waves

reveals what the Earth looks like inside.
Types of Seismic Waves
1. Primary Waves (P-waves)
 Are the fastest seismic waves because they are the first waves detected by the seismograph,
and they can travel at greatest velocity penetrating the gases, fluid (like water and liquid
layers of the earth), and solid rocks. They can pass through the solid rocks at over 225 miles
per hour and through liquid at about one third of that speed. They can travel as fast as 1.6
to 8 km/sec or 1 to 5 miles per second in Earth’s crust.
 This wave is also known as compressional waves or longitudinal waves. It moves alternately
by pushing (compress) and pulling back (dilate) of the rocks in the direction of their travel
(just like sound waves push and pull the air). It can also travel through the earth’s core.
Fig. 2 Body waves can penetrate the

earth’s interior
2. Secondary Waves (S-waves)
 Are transverse waves also known as shear waves that follow the P-waves and the second to arrive at seismic recording
station and travel half the speed of P-waves but can be more dangerous due to larger amplitude causing the ground to
rapidly split and move in different direction.
 These waves can only penetrate the solid materials and so they stop at the liquid layer of Earth because they depend upon
a resistance to shear materials or the property called rigidity which is absent in a fluid (gas, water, molten rocks, earth’s
core. This property of S-waves led the seismologist to the conclusion that the outer core is liquid. When the shear waves
hit the outer core, the waves disappear, and once they hit the inner core, they reappear.
How Earthquake Waves Provide Scientists with Information About the Nature and Composition of the Earth
The following are some of the information which the seismologists have acquired using the seismic waves to reveal what is inside the
earth.
 Seismic waves are generally traveling with depth as they move faster through denser materials.
 P-waves are known for being the fastest waves, and they arrive first at the seismic station but
become slower when they travel in fluids. Seismic waves are slower in hot areas. P-waves moves
slowly in partially molten areas of the earth while the S-waves are stopped at this region because
of the shearing motion that cannot be transported through liquids. This only shows the zone
where mantle is closer to its melting point at its depth and pressure and the seismic waves are
the asthenosphere. When a wave arrives late at the seismograph, it means it pass through a hot
and semi-fluid part of the earth.
 S-waves cannot penetrate the Core-Mantle boundary and the P-waves are refracted in the molten
layer of this region of the outer core.
 P-wave velocities suddenly increase upon reaching the inner core which consists of solid Fig. 3 Seismic waves as they travel
materials and there is no evidence of S-waves. through the earth
 The farther away from the epicentre (the earth’s surface), the larger the gap in the time
between the arrival of P and S-waves at the seismic station.
 The “shadow zone” is developing on the opposite side of the earth once the S-waves pass through the liquid core and where no
S-waves are detected.
 Some P-waves are reflected off along the boundary between the inner and the solid core.
E. Generalization (2 minutes)
 What is earthquake wave?
 What is the difference between P-wave and S-wave?
 What are the types of seismic waves?
F. Valuing/Application (5 minutes)
Directions: Write your comparing and contrasting ideas on properties of body waves (P- wave and S-wave) in the Venn diagram
below.
IV. Assessment (10 minutes)

Directions: Select the term/s from the WORD BANK to complete the statements below. Some term/s may be used more than once.
Read and understand each statement below before answering.
1. At a seismic station the first waves to arrive are ___________________________.

2. At a seismic station the second waves to arrive are ________________________.
3. At a seismic station the last waves to arrive are ___________________________.
4. ________________________ are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion.
5. Primary waves are also known as ______________________, because of the pushing and pulling they do.
6. _____________________ cannot travel through air or water but are more destructive than P-waves because of their larger amplitudes.
7. From the S-P interval a seismologist can determine the ______________________ to an Earthquake.
8. ________________________ travels through solids and liquids, enabling them to travel through the inner and outer core.
9. ________________________ travels along the ground outward from an earthquake’s epicenter and the slowest of all seismic waves.
10. Secondary waves particle motion is_______________________ to the direction of wave propagation.
V. Assignment
Directions: Using the given graphic organizer below, write the necessary information to differentiate the seismic waves.
REMARKS: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PROFICIENCY LEVEL:
Note: PL result of 74 below is considered failed, therefore, you cannot proceed to the next lesson.
no. of passers
PL = × 100 PL = × 100 =
no. of students
Prepared:
KIMBERLY ANN Q. BONGOYAN Noted:

Teacher
ROLANDO M. LACBO
Principal II

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Semi-Detailed School Dawo Integrated School Grade Level 8

Lesson Plan Teacher Kimberly Ann Q. Bongoyan Learning Area Science

II. Subject Matter

A. Daily Routine (3 minutes)

B. Motivation (15 minutes)

C. Presentation of the Lesson

Figure 1. The behavior of seismic waves

1. Primary Waves (P-waves)

Fig. 2 Body waves can penetrate the

IV. Assessment (10 minutes)

1. At a seismic station the first waves to arrive are ___________________________.

KIMBERLY ANN Q. BONGOYAN Noted:

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