DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE

GRADE LEVEL QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK & DAY NO. PAGE NO.
GRADE 8 2ND QUARTER/ EARTH & LIFE WEEK 3 DAY 2 1
SCIENCE

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding on the relationship
Standards between faults and earthquakes.
The learners should be able to make an emergency plan and
B. Performance
prepare an emergency kit for use at home and in school
Standards

C. Learning Explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the earth. S8ES-IIc-17
Competencies/ a. Define seismic waves and explain the difference between primary and secondary waves.
Objectives b. State what happen to P and S waves as they travel inside earth.
Write the LC c. Explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the earth.
code for each
d. Apply the concept in real life situations.
II. CONTENT Earthquake Waves Provide Information About the Earth’s Interior
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide
pages
2. Learner’s Science- Grade 8 Learner’s Module – Week 4 Quarter 2
Materials pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional
Materials from
Learning
Resource (LR)
portal
Video shows building collapse in Turkey as earthquake strikes
B. Other Learning
https://thisvsthat.io/p-waves-vs-s-waves
Resources

IV. PROCEDURES
Activity: Show a video clip of a recent earthquake, highlighting the shaking and destruction.
Video shows building collapse in Turkey as earthquake strikes
A. Reviewing
previous lesson
Discussion Questions:
or presenting the
 What do you think causes the shaking during an earthquake?
new lesson
 How might scientists study these movements?

Hands-On Activity: Provide students with different materials (like a slinky, rope, and foam) to model P
and S waves.
P Waves: Demonstrate longitudinal waves using the slinky, compressing and stretching it to
B. Establishing a show how particles move in the direction of wave travel.
purpose for the S Waves: Use a rope to demonstrate transverse waves, moving it up and down to show how
lesson particles move perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

Observation: Have students record their observations of how each wave type behaves and discuss
the differences.
C. Presenting Direct Instruction: Present a lesson on seismic waves:
examples/instan  Define seismic waves, and explain P and S waves, including their characteristics and
ces of the new behavior.
lesson Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth, typically generated by geological
 DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE
GRADE LEVEL QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK & DAY NO. PAGE NO.
GRADE 8 2ND QUARTER/ EARTH & LIFE WEEK 3 DAY 2 2
SCIENCE

processes such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, or artificial explosions. These waves carry
energy away from the source of the disturbance and are crucial for studying the Earth's internal
structure.
Types of Seismic Waves
There are two primary types of seismic waves: Primary (P) waves and Secondary (S) waves.
Primary Waves (P Waves)
 Nature: P waves are longitudinal waves, meaning they move in the same direction as the
wave travels. They compress and expand the material they pass through.
 Speed: P waves are the fastest seismic waves, traveling at speeds of about 5 to 8 km/s (3 to 5
miles/s) in the Earth's crust.
 Medium: They can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, which allows them to move
through the entire Earth, including its core.
 Behavior: When P waves encounter different materials, they change speed and direction,
bending at boundaries (refraction). This property helps scientists infer the composition and
state (solid or liquid) of the Earth's interior.
Secondary Waves (S Waves)
 Nature: S waves are transverse waves, meaning they move perpendicular to the direction of
wave travel. They create an up-and-down or side-to-side motion in the material they pass
through.
 Speed: S waves are slower than P waves, traveling at about 3 to 4.5 km/s (1.9 to 2.8 miles/s)
in the Earth's crust.
 Medium: They can only travel through solids and cannot move through liquids or gases. This
property creates a shadow zone where S waves are not detected, indicating the presence of
liquid layers in the Earth.
 Behavior: Like P waves, S waves also change speed and direction when they pass through
different materials, but their inability to travel through liquids provides critical information about
the Earth's internal structure.
Summary of Characteristics and Behavior
Characteristic P Waves (Primary Waves) S Waves (Secondary Waves)
Type Longitudinal Transverse
Speed Faster (5-8 km/s) Slower (3-4.5 km/s)
Medium Solids, liquids, gases Solids only
Motion Compress and expand Up and down/side to side
Shadow zone in liquids
Detection Detected everywhere
Importance in Understanding Earth's Interior
The behavior of P and S waves as they travel through the Earth provides geologists and
seismologists with essential information about the Earth's internal structure. By studying how these
waves propagate, scientists can infer:
 The state of materials (solid vs. liquid).
 The composition and layering of the Earth's interior.
 The location of boundaries between different layers (e.g., the mantle and outer core).

This understanding is critical for earthquake studies, predicting seismic activity, and improving building
safety in earthquake-prone areas.

 Explain how these waves change speed and direction as they move through different
layers of the Earth, using diagrams to illustrate the Earth’s structure.
 DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE
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GRADE 8 2ND QUARTER/ EARTH & LIFE WEEK 3 DAY 2 3
SCIENCE

Research Project: Assign small groups to investigate how earthquake waves provide information
about the Earth's interior.
D. Discussing new  Each group can focus on a specific aspect, such as:
concepts and o How P and S waves behave differently in the mantle vs. the core.
practicing new
o The concept of shadow zones where S waves are not detected.
skills #1
o The use of seismographs to gather data.
 Groups will prepare a short presentation or poster to share their findings with the class.

Context:
Seismic waves generated by earthquakes provide valuable information about the Earth's internal
structure. There are two main types of seismic waves: Primary (P) waves, which can travel through
solids, liquids, and gases, and Secondary (S) waves, which can only travel through solids. When an
earthquake occurs, the data recorded by seismographs can reveal insights about the layers of the
Earth.

Question:

A geologist analyzes seismic data from a recent earthquake and notes that P waves arrive at a
seismic station before S waves. Additionally, there is a region where S waves are completely
absent.
E. Discussing new
concepts and
Part A:
practicing new
What does the presence of P waves and the absence of S waves in that region indicate about the
skills #2
composition and state of the material in that area?

Part B:
Explain how the change in speed of P waves occurs when they travel from the crust to the outer core.
What causes this change?

Part C:
Discuss the significance of understanding the behavior of seismic waves in predicting earthquake
impacts. Provide two specific ways this knowledge can be applied in real-world scenarios.

(PISA-like Questions)

Amazing Waves
Objectives:
a. Define seismic waves scientifically.
F. Developing b. Differentiate the different types of seismic waves.
mastery (leads
to Formative c. Recognize the importance of seismic waves in the study of the
Assessment 3) earth’s interior.
Directions: Copy the concept map below on a separate sheet of paper and write the
necessary information to complete the concept about seismic waves.
 DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE
GRADE LEVEL QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK & DAY NO. PAGE NO.
GRADE 8 2ND QUARTER/ EARTH & LIFE WEEK 3 DAY 2 4
SCIENCE

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G. Finding practical
applications of Real-Life Application: Discuss the implications of seismic wave research for earthquake preparedness
concepts and and building safety. Have students create an earthquake preparedness plan for their community,
skills in daily incorporating knowledge of seismic waves.
living
H. Making
generalizations
Let students share their learning about the summary of the lesson.
and abstractions
about the lesson
Assessment:

1.What are seismic waves?

a) Waves that travel only through water
b) Vibrations that travel through the Earth, typically generated by geological activity
c) Light waves that reflect off the Earth’s surface
d) Waves produced by sound in the atmosphere

2.Which of the following statements is true about Primary (P) waves?

I. Evaluating a) They can only travel through solids.
learning b) They are the fastest seismic waves.
c) They are transverse waves.
d) They do not travel through the mantle.

3. What is the primary reason S waves cannot travel through the outer core?
a) They are too slow.
b) They can only travel through gas.
c) They require a solid medium to propagate.
d) They are absorbed by liquids.
 DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE
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GRADE 8 2ND QUARTER/ EARTH & LIFE WEEK 3 DAY 2 5
SCIENCE

4. How do P waves behave when they encounter the boundary between the crust and the
mantle?
a) They speed up and continue in the same direction without bending.
b) They slow down and bend due to the change in material properties.
c) They stop completely.
d) They become S waves.

5. In what way do S waves differ from P waves?

a) S waves can travel through both liquids and solids, while P waves cannot.
b) S waves move faster than P waves.
c) S waves create compressions and rarefactions, while P waves move perpendicularly.
d) S waves can only travel through solids, while P waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.

Answer Key:

1. b) Vibrations that travel through the Earth, typically generated by geological activity
2. b) They are the fastest seismic waves.
3. c) They require a solid medium to propagate.
4. b) They slow down and bend due to the change in material properties.
5. d) S waves can only travel through solids, while P waves can travel through solids, liquids, and
gases.

Assignment:
Diagram Creation (15 points):
J. Additional
 Create a labeled diagram of the Earth’s layers, indicating where P waves and S waves can
activities for
travel. Use arrows to show how waves change direction and speed at different boundaries
application or
(e.g., crust to mantle, mantle to outer core).
remediation
 Deliverable: A colorful diagram that includes labels for each layer (Crust, Mantle, Outer Core,
Inner Core) and notes on wave behavior.
V. REMARKS

VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned 75% in the evaluation
B. No. of learners who require additional activities for
remediation
C. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have
caught up with the lesson
D. No. of learners who continue to require remediation
E. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did these
work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or
supervisor can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover
which I wish to share with other teachers?

Prepared:
MA. TRISHA P. ALVERO
Substitute Teacher
 DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE
GRADE LEVEL QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK & DAY NO. PAGE NO.
GRADE 8 2ND QUARTER/ EARTH & LIFE WEEK 3 DAY 2 6
SCIENCE