Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 45 views

    Discussion 4 - Pipe Fittings

    Uploaded by

    Shan Troy Jamero Ibarra
    The document discusses considerations for choosing materials for pipes and fittings. It then provides details on various types of pipes that are commonly used for drainage and plumbing installations, including their properties and applications. These include cast iron soil pipe, acid resistant cast iron pipe, asbestos pipe, bituminous fiber sewer pipe, vitrified clay pipe, lead pipe, galvanized steel pipe, copper pipe, brass pipe, and plastic/synthetic pipes. The document also discusses various types of pipe fittings and valves used in plumbing systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Discussion 4 - Pipe Fittings

    Uploaded by

    Shan Troy Jamero Ibarra
    45 views35 pages
    The document discusses considerations for choosing materials for pipes and fittings. It then provides details on various types of pipes that are commonly used for drainage and plumbing installations, including their properties and applications. These include cast iron soil pipe, acid resistant cast iron pipe, asbestos pipe, bituminous fiber sewer pipe, vitrified clay pipe, lead pipe, galvanized steel pipe, copper pipe, brass pipe, and plastic/synthetic pipes. The document also discusses various types of pipe fittings and valves used in plumbing systems.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses considerations for choosing materials for pipes and fittings. It then provides details on various types of pipes that are commonly used for drainage and plumbing installations, including their properties and applications. These include cast iron soil pipe, acid resistant cast iron pipe, asbestos pipe, bituminous fiber sewer pipe, vitrified clay pipe, lead pipe, galvanized steel pipe, copper pipe, brass pipe, and plastic/synthetic pipes. The document also discusses various types of pipe fittings and valves used in plumbing systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views35 pages

    Discussion 4 - Pipe Fittings

    Uploaded by

    Shan Troy Jamero Ibarra
    The document discusses considerations for choosing materials for pipes and fittings. It then provides details on various types of pipes that are commonly used for drainage and plumbing installations, including their properties and applications. These include cast iron soil pipe, acid resistant cast iron pipe, asbestos pipe, bituminous fiber sewer pipe, vitrified clay pipe, lead pipe, galvanized steel pipe, copper pipe, brass pipe, and plastic/synthetic pipes. The document also discusses various types of pipe fittings and valves used in plumbing systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 35

    Pipes & Fittings

    Considerations in choosingmaterials:

    • Quality and durability.

    • Resistance to external and internal


    contact with foreign matters.

    • Resistance to acid waste and other


    chemical elements that will pass
    into it.

    • Cost of materials and labor.


    Pipes & Fittings
    Cast Iron Soil Pipe
    • Most popular and generally specified
    material for drainage installation. Extensively
    used in the 60s and 70s.
    • Durable, conveniently installed (<25 storey)
    • Commercial length: 600 cm
    SPIGOT
    • Diameters: 50-150mm HUB

    •Affected to some extent by corrosion by acid formed by Carbon


    Dioxide, Sulphur Oxide, and Methane Gases that create rust

    2 Types:
    1. SV type - generally used; for building installations

    2. XV type - extra duty; for underground installations


    Pipes & Fittings

    4 Varieties:
    Standard Pipe Single Hub Pipe

    Double Hub Pipe Hubless Pipe


    Pipes & Fittings

    Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe


    • Made of an alloy of cast iron and silicon

    •Installed in chemical laboratories, industries and other installations


    where acid wastes are being discharged

    •Brittle and cracks easily, thus


    horizontal runs have to be
    Supported at every 1.50 meter
    interval to prevent sagging

    Asbestos Pipe
    • Made of an asbestos fibers and portland cement
    • Used as soil, waste, ventilation pipe & downspouts

    • Suited for concrete embedment because of similar properties


    Pipes & Fittings
    Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
    • Cheapest of all types of pipes

    • Light in weight, slightly flexible and can take


    slight soil movement
    without danger of cracking or pulling out of its
    joints.
    • May be softened/damaged by excessive hot
    water or chemical flow

    Vitrified ClayPipe
    • One of the oldest materials used for sewer lines

    • Highly resistant to most acids

    • Because it is made of clay, it is brittle and cracks


    easily when laid on unstable ground

    • Made in short lengths of 750mm


    Pipes & Fittings
    LeadPipe
    • The oldest pipe used for plumbing systems
    • Highly resistant to acid
    • Poisonous and injurious, is therefore not
    recommended to convey water for human
    consumption

    Galvanized Steel Pipe


    • Made out of mild steel and expected to last 15 to 25 years
    • Subject to deposits of salt and lime which can cause FHL
    • Comes in several commercial sizes: 10 (3/8”), 13 (1/2”),
    20 (3/4”), 25 (1’), 32 (1¼”), 38 (1½”), 50 (2”), 75 (3”), and
    100 (4”)

    Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe


    • Better then steel pipe for plumbing installation
    • More resistant to acid waste
    Pipes & Fittings

    Copper Pipe
    • Durable and extremely corrosive resistant
    • Easy to install
    • Smooth interior surface
    Classification:
    ✓ K type- heaviest; recommended for undergroundinstallations
    ✓ L type- lighter; available in both rigid and flexible
    form; recommended for residential water supply line
    and radiant heating installations

    ✓ M type- thinnest; available only in rigid form; for


    small water supply lines and radiant heating
    installations

    BrassPipe
    • Most expensive
    • Made of an alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%)
    • Resistant to acids and has a smooth interior
    surface
    Pipes & Fittings

    Plastic or Synthetic Pipe


    • Developed in Germany in 1935
    • Most are produced from synthetic resins
    • Superior type of pipe because it weighs less, is easy
    to cut, is flexible, has a smooth interior surface, and
    is cheaper than steel
    2 Types:
    1. Rigid type (pipes)
    ✓ Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
    ✓ Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
    ✓ Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)
    ✓ Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
    ✓ Polypropylene (PP)
    ✓ Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)

    1. Flexible type (tubing)


    ✓ The Polyethylene (PE)- coil form; 30 m long
    ✓ The Polybutylene (PB)- coil form; 30 m – 150 m long
    pipe fittings are attached to theend of
    pipes that allow it to:
    Elbows: Used to change the angle or direction of the pipe run. Most commonly
    in 90 degrees and 45 degree turns. The sweep of the fitting describes how fast a
    transition or change in direction is made.

    Street Elbows: One end of the pipe fitting has male threads and the other end
    has female threads. These are common in galvanized steel and copper pipe.
    They are convenient because they do away with the need for a nipple and work
    well in tightquarters.

    Tee Fittings: Shaped like the letter T. Allows for branch lines.

    Couplings: Used to join two straight pieces of pipe of the same diameter.

    Reducers: Used to join pipe of different diameters. Makes a gradual change in


    diameter.
    Bushings: Used to make the diameter of a pipe fitting smaller. They are different
    from reducers because they make an abrupt change in diameter and take little
    space.

    Unions: Used to join pieces of pipe where pipes cannot be turned or when a
    piece of equipment may have to be removed for maintenance or replacement.
    Adaptor Fittings: Used to change the end of a non-threaded pipe to male or
    female threads as needed. Most commonly used in copper and plastic plumbing
    jobs.

    Caps:Used to close the end of a dead-end pipe.

    Plugs: Used to close an ending on a pipe fitting normally used for inspection or
    cleanout.

    Nipples: Short lengths of pipe threaded at both ends.

    Wyes: Used primarily to gain inside access to DWV(drain-waste-vent) systems.

    Valves: Devices that control the flow of liquid or gas through or from a pipe.
    (Compression valves, ball valves, sleeve-cartridge valves, ceramic disc valves,
    etc)

    PVCFittings: Come in a wide variety of configurations and may be glued (S) or


    threaded (T)

    Copper Tubing Fittings: Use compression fittings. Common fittings are


    couplings, ells, andtees.
    Pipes & Fittings

    Types of Fittings:

    COUPLING/ MALE
    SOCKET ADAPTOR

    EXTENSION
    PIECE/ FEMALE
    NIPPLE ADAPTOR

    45°
    REDUCER STREET
    ELBOW

    90°
    REDUCING STREET
    ELBOW ELBOW
    Pipes & Fittings

    UNION

    CROSS

    TEE

    PLUG

    REDUCING
    TEE

    DOUBLE
    HUB

    CAP
    Pipes & Fittings
    Other water Service
    Fittings & Devices:

    CORPORATION
    STOP

    METER
    STOP

    CURB
    STOP

    WATER
    METER
    CURB
    STOP
    BOX
    Pipes & Fittings

    SANITARY FITTINGS
    Pipes & Fittings
    Pipes & Fittings

    Piping Symbols for Plumbing:

    DRAIN OR WASTE ABOVEGROUND

    DRAIN OR WASTE BELOWGROUND

    VENT

    SD STORM DRAIN

    COLD WATER

    SW SOFT COLD WATER

    HOT WATER

    S SPRINKLER MAIN

    SPRINKLER BRANCH AND HEAD


    Pipes & Fittings

    G G GAS

    A COMPRESSED AIR

    V VACUUM

    S - CI SEWER – CAST IRON

    S - CT SEWER – CLAYTILE

    S-P SEWER – PLASTIC


    Pipes & Fittings

    PlumbingAbbreviations:

    ITEM ABBR. ITEM ABBR.

    Cast Iron CI Hot Water HW


    Centerline CL Laundry Tray LT
    Cleanout CO Lavatory LAV.

    Cold Water CW Medicine Cabinet MC


    Copper COP. Plastic PLAS.
    Dishwasher DW Plumbing PLBG.

    Floor Drain FD Water Closet WC


    Galvanized Iron GAL. I Water Heater WH
    Hose Bib HB WaterSoftener WS
    Pipes & Fittings
    Pipe & Fitting Symbols:
    Pipes & Fittings
    Pipes & Fittings
    Pipes & Fittings
    CONTROLS AND VALVES
    CONTROLS AND VALVES
    Function of Valves:
    Control of the water system
    - Start or shut down a system
    - Regulate pressure
    - Check backflow
    - Control the direction of water
    Rules Regarding Location
    of Valves:

    Locate & distribute valves in such


    a manner that they can isolate a
    certain section of the network in
    case of system breakdown (before
    each branch)

    Locate valves where they arenot


    too visible while remaining
    accessible to users
    CONTROLS AND VALVES
    Types of Valves:

    Gate Valve a.k.a. ‘Full-way Valve’

    Used mainly to completely closeor


    completely open the water line
    (does not control flow of water)

    Best suited to the main supplyand


    pump lines wherein operation is
    infrequent

    2 Types:
    The Wedge Shape or TaperedDisc

    The Double Disc Valve


    CONTROLS AND VALVES

    Globe Valve Controls the flow of water with a


    movable spindle

    Can reduce water pressure


    (throttling)

    Only one side of the valve isan inlet

    3 Types:
    The Plug Type Disc Valve
    -for throttling

    The Conventional Disc Valve (BallType)


    -for shutting

    The Composition Disc Valve


    -for steam and hotwater
    CONTROLS AND VALVES
    Check Valve Main function is to preventreversal
    of flow (backflow) in the line

    4 Types:
    The Swing Check Valve

    The Lift Check Valve

    Vertical Check Valve

    Horizontal Check Valve


    CONTROLS AND VALVES

    Angle Valve Operates in the same manneras


    globe valve (disc & seatdesign)

    Used to make a 90° turn in a line


    Reduces number of joints

    Foot Valve Located at the lower end of the


    pumps

    Used mainly to prevent lossof


    priming of the pumps

    a.k.a. ‘Retention Valve’


    CONTROLS AND VALVES

    Safety Valve Used on water systems, heating


    systems, compressed air lines&
    other pipe lines with excessive
    pressure
    CONTROLS AND VALVES

    Compression Operates by the


    compression of a
    Cock soft packing upon
    a metal sheet

    Key Cock Operates with a


    round tapering
    plug ground to fit
    a metal sheet.

    ‘Hose bibb”-
    has grooves fitfor
    a hose

    Ball Faucet Constructed with a


    ball connected to
    the handle
    INSPECTION AND TESTS

    Water Testing:
    Testing of water supply piping is conducted by
    closing all outlets & filling the system with water
    from the main to locate leaks and other potential
    problems

    Air Pressure Testing:


    Used in detecting leaks by filling the piping
    system with compressed air (use of soap suds
    in locating escaping air)

    You might also like