BRICK MASONARY

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 DEFINITION
Construction of bricks units bonded together with mortar
is called brick masonry.
 Mortar act as a cementing
materials which is a mixture
of sand and cement or sand
lime.
 Mud mortar used for kuccha
pakka masonary

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 TYPES OF BRICK

Modular bricks Traditional bricks

uniform size of PWD standard Size: 9.5”x 4.5”x2.75” or
Size: nominal 20*10*10cm 21-25cm*10-13cm*7.5cm
actual 19*9*9cm Used: General construction
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 TYPES OF BRICK
Moulded bricks
Moulded bricks are those which are manufactured in special
shapes and sizes to be used for giving architectural shapes.
Such bricks are used for cornices, slopping walls etc.
 STRENGTH OF BRICK
MASONARY
Strength of brick masonry depends on:

 Quality of bricks
 Quality of mortar
 Method of bonding used
Unbounded wall, even constructed with good quality
bricks and mortar has little strength and stability.

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CAUSES OF PREFERING BRICKS
MASONARY
Causes of preferring brick masonry over other types of
masonry:
 The bricks are of uniform size and shape. So they can be
laid in any define pattern.
 The art of brick laying can be under stood very easily and
even unskilled masons can do the brick masonry. Stone
masonry construction requires highly skilled masons.
 Bricks do not need any dressing like stone.
 Bricks are very light in weight and convenient in size.
They can be easily handled.
CAUSES OF PREFERING BRICKS
MASONARY
Causes of preferring brick masonry over other types of
masonry:
 As the bricks are light in weight, they do not require
any lifting apparatus.
 They can be manufactured at all sites and there is no
problem of its availability. Also they do not require
transportation from long distance.
 Light partition wall and ornamental works can be
easily done by brick masonry.

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 TERMINOLOGY IN BRICK
Stretcher MASONARY
A stretcher is the longer face of the brick. A course of
brick in which all the bricks are laid is known as stretcher
course if all the stretchers are on facing (9.5 x 2.75)

Header
A header is the shorter face of
the brick. A course of brick in
which all the bricks are laid as
headers on the facing is known
as header course or heading
courses (4.5 x 2.75)
 TERMINOLOGY IN BRICK
Lap MASONARY
Lap is the horizontal distance between the vertical joints
of successive brick courses. Lap should not be less than
1/4th of the length of the brick.

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 TERMINOLOGY IN BRICK
Perpend
MASONARY
A perpend is an imaginary vertical line which includes the
vertical joint separating two adjoining bricks
 TERMINOLOGY IN BRICK
Quoin MASONARY
It is a corner or external angle on the face side of a wall.

Racking back
It is the termination of a
wall in a stepped fashion.
 TERMINOLOGY IN BRICK
Toothing MASONARY
It is the termination of the wall in such a fashion that each
alternate course at the end projects in order to provide
adequate bond if the wall is continued horizontally at a
latter stage

Bed
Bed is the lower surface of the brick when laid flat.(9.5x4.5)
 BRICK CLOSER
Closer
It is a portion of brick with the
cut made longitudinally and is
used to close up bond at the
end of the course. A closer
helps in preventing the joints
of successive courses to come
in a vertical line. Closer may
be of various types:
 BRICK CLOSER
Queen closer
It is a portion of a brick obtained by cutting a brick
lengthwise into two portions. Thus a queen closer is a
brick which is half as wide as the full brick. This is known
as queen closer. When the queen closer is broken into two
pieces, it is known as queen closer quarter.
 BRICK CLOSER
King closer
It is obtained by cutting a corner of the brick joining
middle points of width and length of the brick. It is used
near door and window openings to get good arrangement of
the mortar joints.
 BRICK CLOSER
Beveled closer
It is obtained by cutting a triangular portion of the brick,
half width and full length.
 BRICK CLOSER
Bullnose Closer
The brick moulded with round angle is known as bullnose.
 BRICK CLOSER
Mitred closer
Mitred closer is obtained by cutting a triangular part of
the brick from one of its header face. Cutting face is
inclined at 45 to 60 degree with longer stretcher face of
the brick.
 BRICK CLOSER
Bat Closer
It is a piece of brick. If bat is half brick in length, it is
known as half bat, if it is 3/4th of the brick it is known as
three quarter bat. Bat may be beveled also which is then
called beveled bat.
 BRICK BOND
Bond is an arrangement of bricks in a course by which
formation of continuous vertical joints both in the face
and body of the wall can be prevented and the individual
units are tied together.
Types of brick bond
 Stretcher bond  Brick on edge bond
 Header bond  Dutch bond
 English bond  Raking bond
 Flemish bond  Zigzag bond
 Facing bond  Garden wall bond
 English cross bond
 BRICK BOND
Stretcher bond
Stretcher bond or stretching bond is one in which all the
bricks are laid as stretchers on the faces of walls. This
pattern is used only for those walls which have thickness
half brick i.e. 5 inch. Overlap: ½ brick
 BRICK BOND
Header bond
Header bond or heading bond is the one in which all the
bricks are laid as headers on the faces of walls. This
pattern is used only when the thickness of the wall is equal
to one brick i.e. 10 inch. This is achieved by using three
quarter brick bats. Overlap=1/2 header
 BRICK BOND
English bond
This is most commonly used bond for all wall thickness.
This bond is considered to be the strongest. The bond
consists of alternate courses of headers and stretchers. In
order to break vertical joints in successive joints it is
essential to place queen closer after first header in each
heading course.
 BRICK BOND
English bond
 Header course never start with queen closer as it liable
to have minimum lap = ¼ brick
 Wall thickness = half brick* even number has same
appearance on both face of wall
 Wall thickness = half brick* odd number has header in
one face and stretcher on opposite face in same course
 Header course vertical joint=2* stretcher course, joint
of header course made thinner than those of stretcher.
 BRICK BOND
English bond
 BRICK BOND
Flemish bond
In this type of bond, each course is comprised of alternate
headers and stretchers and header are centered of stretchers.
Every alternate course starts with a header at corner then
queen closer are placed. It has two types: Single and double
Flemish bond.
 BRICK BOND
Single Flemish bond

Single Flemish bond is

comprised of Flemish
bond on facing side
and English bond on
backing.

Not suitable for wall

thickness < 1.5 brick.
 BRICK BOND
Double Flemish bond
In the double Flemish bond,
each course presents the same
appearance both in the front
face as well as in the back
face. Alternate headers and
stretchers are laid in each
course.
Suitable for 1 brick wall
 BRICK BOND
Facing bond
In this bond, a header course is laid after several stretcher
courses. The bond may be used to lay costly facing bricks
on exposed face and low quality bricks in the backing of
the walls.

 Since number of joint on facing and backing differ

greatly, load distribution not uniform.

 Causes unequal settlement of wall.

 BRICK BOND
English cross bond
This is modification of English bond used to improve the
appearance of the wall. Special features are:
 Alternate course of header and stretcher
 A header is introduced next to the quoin stretcher
in every alternate stretcher course.
 Sufficient strong and bears good elevation
 BRICK BOND
Brick on edge bond
In this type bond stretcher brick courses are used on
edges instead of bed. This bond is weak in strength but
is economical.
 BRICK BOND
Dutch bond
This is another modification form of English bond. In this
bond the courses are strengthen:
 Alternate layer of headers and stretchers are provided.
 Every stretcher course started with a three quarter bat.
 In every stretcher courses, a header is placed next to
the bat.
 BRICK BOND
Raking bond
It is the bond in which filling of thick walls
is done by laying bricks in inclined direction
with the facing of walls. It is of two types:
Diagonal and Herring bone bond

Diagonal bond Herring bone bond

 BRICK BOND
Raking bond
Diagonal bond: In this type of bond
filling bricks are inclined in one
direction only. Here the bricks are
arranged at 45degree in such a way
that extreme corners of the series
remain in contact with the extreme line
of stretchers.  Herring bone bond: This
bond is very useful for walls
having thickness more than
4bricks. Bricks are laid at an
angle 45 degree from the centre
line of the wall in plan.
 BRICK BOND
Zig zag bond
This bond is similar to herring
bone bond except that the
bricks are laid in zig zag
fashion. It is most commonly
used for making ornamental
panels in brick flooring.
 BRICK BOND
Garden wall bond
This type of bond is used for garden wall, boundary walls
where thickness of wall is one brick thick and it does not
exceed two meters. It has two types:

i) Garden wall English bond and

ii) Garden wall Flemish bond
 BRICK BOND
Garden wall bond
i) Garden wall English bond: In this bond, header
course is provided only after three to five stretchers
courses. In each header course a queen closer is placed
next to quoin header. In stretcher courses, quoin headers
are placed in alternate courses.
 BRICK BOND
Garden wall bond
ii) Garden wall Flemish bond: In this bond each
courses contain one header after three to five stretcher
continuously placed. Each alternate layer contain 3/4th
brick bats placed next to quoin header. Then another
header is placed.
Thanks to
ALL

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 Assignment
1. What is brick and stone masonry? Make a comparison between
brick and stone masonry with respect to suitability, cost and method
of construction.
2. What are the different of bricks. Explain each of them with their
properties and application.
3. Define different terminology used for brick masonry with NEAT
SKETCH each of them.
4. What is bond in brick masonry? SKETCH and explain different
types of brick bond with their suitability, advantages and
disadvantages.
5. What is the difference between English and Flemish bond?

6. Draw neat sketch of the following in English bond

i. Two consecutive course of the right-angle corner of a 1 ½
brick wall.
ii. Two consecutive course of a 1 ½ *2 brick pillar.
iii. 1 ½ brick wall meeting a 2 brick wall at a right angle
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