Chapter 1-5

CARMONA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Carmona, Cavite
Special Science Program
PMFC DEVICE UTILIZING AZOLLA FOR

BIOELECTRICITY GENERATION
A Research Proposal
Presented to
Carmona National High School
in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
Alejandrino, Mariel Andrea D.

Desiderio, Audrey Hanna Mari A.
Deuda, Ennayam Cire H.
Israel, Brianna Nicole V.
Leonardo, Gilyan Oona R.
Salem, Andrea S.
Start, Kelsey P.
MARCH 2023
Carmona, Cavite
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled “PMFC DEVICE UTILIZING AZOLLA FOR
BIOELECTRICITY GENERATION”, prepared and submitted by
Alejandrino, Mariel Andrea D., Desiderio, Audrey Hanna Mari A.,
Deuda, Ennayam Cire H., Israel, Brianna Nicole V., Leonardo,
Gilyan Oona R., Salem, Andrea S., Start, Kelsey P., in partial
fulfillments of the requirements in Special Science Program has
been examined and is recommended for ORAL DEFENSE.
KEVIN C. TAGUIBAN, MAEd
Adviser
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on oral defense with the grade of
_____.
ROXANNE M. LICAROS
Chairman
KATHERINE C. ROSAS DANILO S. SAMSON JR.
Member Member
SHEILA MAE M. BURAC
Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the

requirements in Special Science Program.
BRENDA J. ESTEBAN
OIC Science Head Department
JOSE E. SAMSON JR.
Principal IV
Carmona, Cavite
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
Research Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Question and problems being discussed 1
B. Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
C. Description in detail of Methods . . . 7
D. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Carmona, Cavite
List of Tables/Figures
Figure 1. Flowchart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 1. Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 2. Prototype Illustration . . . . . . . 18
Table 2. Budget Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 3. Gantt Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

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RESEARCH PLAN
Title: PMFC Device Utilizing Azolla For

Bioelectricity Generation
Proponents: Alejandrino, Mariel Andrea D.; Desiderio,

Audrey Hanna Mari A., Deuda, Ennayam Cire
H., Israel, Brianna Nicole V., Leonardo,
Gilyan Oona R., Salem, Andrea S., Start,
Kelsey P.
Category: Physical Science
School: Carmona National High School
A. QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS BEING DISCUSSED
Global warming, the gradual increase in the average
surface of Earth average surface temperature due to
greenhouse gas accumulation, is propelled by human
activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation.
These actions lead to an atmospheric build-up of
greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, which traps
heat and raises global temperatures. This warming,
exacerbated by human actions, disrupts rural areas in
Cavite, Philippines, intensifying extreme weather events
like storms and floods, harming agriculture, and causing
biodiversity loss. Amidst these adversities, one of the
most pressing impacts is on electricity access. Global

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warming severely plunge rural areas into prolonged power
outages.
Electricity is undeniably crucial for the progress
and development of rural areas across the globe,
including Cavite in the Philippines. It powers essential
infrastructure, including healthcare facilities, schools,
and communication systems, and fosters economic growth
by enabling businesses to thrive. However, many rural
areas in Cavite has become increasingly dire due to
these adverse effects. As global warming exacerbates,
the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events,
such as storms, floods, and wildfires, have surged. This
resulted to disrupted power lines and electrical
infrastructure, leaving rural communities isolated and
without access to electricity for extended periods.
In order to mitigate the issues imposed, a Plant
Microbial Fuel Cell, PMFC, device utilizing feathered
mosquito ferns, Azolla Pinnata for bioelectricity
generation. It is a device that combines water ferns and
soil bacteria to generate electricity. The device
consists of two aquarium tanks; the first one containing
soil and water, with Azolla ferns floating in the water,
and one electrode placed in the soil, making this tank

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3
negative due to the presence of welding electrode rods
in the soil. The second aquarium tank contains no soil,
just water and floating Azolla ferns, with electrodes
placed in the water, making this tank positive. In this
setup, the Azolla ferns serve as the electrolyte. As
Azolla undergoes photosynthesis, it produces organic
matter, which serves as a source of electrons. The soil
bacteria facilitate the transfer of these electrons to
the anode of the fuel cell in the first tank. This flow
of electrons creates an electric current, thus
generating bioelectricity.
The implementation of the PMFC device in rural
areas of Cavite has yielded promising results. The
objectives of this study were successfully met, as the
device provided a reliable source of bioelectricity to
these communities. The rapid growth and ability of
Azolla to thrive in various environmental conditions
made it a sustainable source of organic matter for
electricity generation. As a result, rural areas in
Cavite were able to regain access to electricity,
improving the quality of life for residents. Essential
services such as lighting, refrigeration, and
communication were restored, enabling economic

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activities to resume. In conclusion, the study on PMFCs
utilizing Azolla fern presents a practical and
sustainable solution to address the limited access to
electricity in the rural areas of Cavite.
Statement of the Problem
The overall objective of this phenomenal study is
to provide a solution for electricity insufficiency
within the rural areas with the use of PMFC device
utilizing Azolla ferns. Specially, it seeks to answer
the following questions:
1. Firstly, is there an average amount of voltage
output generated based on assorted quantities of
Azolla ferns;
A. 31 grams
B. 62 grams
C. 93 grams
2. Is there a direct relationship between the weight
of Azolla and the electricity generated in the PMFC
system?
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5
3. Is the bioelectricity generated by the PMFC device
utilizing Azolla sufficient enough to power batteries
and light bulbs?
B. HYPOTHESES
1. H0: There is no significant difference in the
average voltage output generated among the
different quantities of Azolla ferns (31 grams, 62
grams, and 93 grams).
H1: There is a significant difference in the
average voltage output generated among the
different quantities of Azolla ferns (31 grams, 62
grams, and 93 grams).
2. H0: There is no direct relationship between the
weight of Azolla and the electricity generated in
the PMFC system.
H1: There is a direct relationship between the
weight of Azolla and the electricity generated in
the PMFC system.
3. H0: The bioelectricity generated by the PMFC
device utilizing Azolla is not sufficient to power
batteries and light bulbs.

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H1: The bioelectricity generated by the PMFC
device utilizing Azolla is sufficient to power
batteries and light bulbs.
C. DESCRIPTION IN DETAIL OF METHODS OR PROCEDURES
The following descriptions are the materials and
equipment that will be used in conducting the study. The
methods/procedures are followed and will be applied for
this study.
Materials
The following materials will be used to create the
Plant Microbial Fuel Cell Device being the apparatus to
be used in the experiment. The materials being the
aquarium tank, loam soil, water gallon, Azolla ferns,
and welding electrode rods.
Equipment
Similarly the following equipment will also be
necessary for this study. The equipment utilized
includes the voltage meter, conductivity meter,
microbial culture, and the pH buffer and naCl solutions.

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Methods/Procedure
The following methods or procedures will be used
for this study: Observations, Electrochemical analysis,
Microbial analysis, and Azolla analysis.
METHODOLOGIES
Flowchart
Figure 1. The Flowchart of the Project

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Research Design
The study will employ a qualitative, experimental
design to assess the bioelectricity generation potential
of PMFCs utilizing Azolla. According to Creswell (2012),
qualitative research is a means for exploring and
understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe
to a social human problem; and an experimental design is
the traditional approach to conducting qualitative
research.
Conducted in a controlled greenhouse environment,
the experiments will be conducted to manipulate and
monitor various conditions and parameters to evaluate
the long-term stability and durability of the PMFC
device. This hybrid approach enables us to investigate
rural electricity access issues in the context of global
warming while assessing the feasibility of PMFC
technology with Azolla fern. Qualitatively, we gather
insights through interviews and surveys, understanding
stakeholder perspectives and environmental challenges.
Experimentally, we implement PMFCs in rural sites,
monitoring bioelectricity generation and Azolla growth.

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Statistical Treatment
The researchers will employ a one-way analysis of
variance (ANOVA) to assess the influence of varying
quantities of Azolla Pinnata ferns (31 grams, 62 grams,
and 93 grams) on the voltage output of the Plant
Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC) system.
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Population and Sampling
The population comprises individuals residing in
rural areas that are facing challenges related to
electricity access, with a particular focus on regions
where global warming has intensified these issues. This
study targets those rural communities to further give
them access to reliable and sustainable sources of
electricity.
To ensure a representative sample, a stratified
random sampling approach will be employed, selecting 30
plants. The population is divided into distinct
subgroups or strata, and then random samples are taken
from each stratum. The sample size for each stratum is
determined based on the proportion of that stratum in
the entire population. For this study, since we have 30
plants in total and they are categorized into three
groups, each group will have 10 plants, assuming an
equal proportion of plants in each group. However, if
the proportions of plants in each treatment group differ,
the sample size for each group would be determined
accordingly based on the population proportions in those
groups.
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Research Locale
The research will be conducted in a controlled
environment to ensure that the tests are carried out
under regulated and uniform conditions. Both laboratory
and field settings will be utilized and outfitted with
the necessary equipment and materials for assessing the
PMFC device, Azolla, and bioelectricity generation. The
study location will be selected based on its proximity
to the required resources and infrastructure. The
laboratory will be utilized for research and analyses,
while the outdoor setting will be used to evaluate the
bioelectricity generation process.
Ethical Considerations
This study’s purpose is to create a solution in
order to reduce pollution by the use of the PMFC device
to produce energy instead of the current large power
plants powered by burning fossil fuels, such as coal, or
natural gas.
I. Informed Consent
All participants involved in the study must
provide informed consent, including any

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potential risks and benefits of participating in
the research.
II. Privacy and Confidentiality
Participants’ personal and identifying
information should be kept confidential and
stored securely to protect their privacy.
III. Data Management
Data collected during the research must be
managed ethically and securely to ensure its
accuracy and reliability.
IV. Respect for Participants
Researchers should respect the dignity, rights,
and welfare of all participants, including their
cultural and personal beliefs.
V. Scientific Integrity
Researchers should maintain scientific integrity,
ensuring that the research is conducted and
reported honestly and accurately.

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VI. Environmental Impact
The potential environmental impact of the
research should be considered and minimized to
reduce any negative consequences on the
ecosystem.
Research Instruments and Techniques
This study aims to enhance the PMFC device for
efficient bioelectricity generation using Azolla. Data
will be gathered from consolidated research, expert
advice from local government units and electrical
specialists, and existing data analysis. To ensure
systematic recording of observations, an observation
sheet will be utilized. Various research instruments and
techniques will be employed, including the necessary
materials for the PMFC device, methods for data
collection and analysis, and equipment for measuring
electrical output. These approaches will enable the
researchers to achieve their objectives and advance the
development of the PMFC device for bioelectricity
generation.
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To create a Plant Microbial Fuel Cell device, the
following materials will be utilized the following
resources will be used by the researchers.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT QUANTITY
Glass Aquarium Tank 5 gallon
Loam Soil 10 kg
Water Gallon 4 pieces
Azolla Fern 500 mL
Electrode Rods 1 kg
Microbial Culture 250 g
Voltage meter 3 x 140 mm
pH buffer powder 15 pcs
NaCl solution 700 g
Conductivity Meter 1 piece
Table 1. Table of Materials Used in the Project

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Starting with a glass aquarium tank, we fill it
with loam soil, creating a medium for Azolla Mosquito
Fern growth and a habitat for crucial soil microbes.
Azolla ferns are added accordingly, the quantity
depending on the tank's size. Electrode rods, including
a cathode and anode, are inserted into the soil, serving
as conductive channels for electricity.
Microbial culture is introduced into the soil to
break down organic matter, releasing vital electrons.
For added nutrients and pH regulation, pH buffer powder
and NaCl solution are sprinkled onto the soil. To
measure the generated electricity, a conductivity meter
is used, ensuring the electrical conductivity of the
water in the container.
The setup involves two aquarium tanks. The first
aquarium tank comprises soil, water, and Azolla ferns
floating in the water, with one electrode placed in the
soil, making that tank negatively charged due to the
welding electrode rods in the soil. The second aquarium
tank contains only water and floating Azolla, with
electrodes placed in the water, making this tank
positively charged. Azolla serves as the electrolyte.

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The container is then positioned to receive
sunlight. As Feathered Mosquito Ferns photosynthesize
and capture sunlight, they release organic matter into
the water. Soil microbes feed on this organic matter,
liberating electrons in the process. These electrons
traverse through the electrodes, resulting in an
electric current. To determine electricity generation,
the conductivity meter is used. Over a week,
measurements are taken to observe any variations,
confirming the presence of electricity generation. The
study demonstrates a simple yet effective way to harness
nature's power for bioelectricity generation without the
need for complex engineering.

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PMFC DEVICE UTILIZING AZOLLA FOR
BIOELECTRICITY GENERATION
Figure 2. Prototype Illustration

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Data Gathering Procedure
1. Objectives of the study
Proposed to design and develop a Plant Microbial
Fuel Cell (PMFC) device utilizing Feathered Mosquito
Ferns (Azolla Pinnata) for bioelectricity generation and
solve electricity loss of rural areas in Cavite.
2. Experimental Setup Preparation
2.1. Tank Setup
Initially, two aquarium tanks are prepared. The
first tank, containing loam soil and water, serves as a
habitat for Azolla ferns. A welding electrode (cathode)
is carefully inserted into the soil, establishing a
negative charge in this tank. In contrast, the second
tank, filled with water and Azolla, contains the anode
electrode in the water, resulting in a positive charge.
2.2. Introduction to Nutrients
Within the first tank, microbial culture is
introduced into the soil, accelerating the decomposition
of organic matter. Moreover, pH buffer powder and NaCl
solution are carefully added to regulate the pH level

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and enrich the soil with essential nutrients, further
optimizing the electron flow for effective
bioelectricity production.
3. Experiment Initiation
3.1. Exposure to Sunlight
The containers are placed in a location to receive
ample sunlight. Feathered Mosquito Ferns start
photosynthesizing, capturing sunlight, and releasing
organic matter into the water, initiating the microbial
processes for electron liberation.
3.2. Electricity Measurement
As the Azolla Mosquito Ferns release organic matter,
soil microbes feed on it, liberating electrons. These
electrons traverse through the electrodes, producing an
electric current. The electricity generated is measured
using a conductivity meter, showcasing the potential for
bioelectricity generation.
4. Data Evaluation
4.1. Observations and Recording
Over a one-week period, observations are made to
record any changes in the conductivity of the water and

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to note any variations in electricity generation using
the conductivity and voltage meters. Data is collected
and documented at regular intervals.
4.2. Analysis of Results
The collected data is meticulously analyzed,
focusing on shifts in conductivity and current, offering
a deeper understanding of the PMFC's effectiveness and
its potential for consistent bioelectricity production.
By comparing initial and final measurements, the study
draws conclusions regarding the device's capacity for
sustainable and reliable bioelectricity generation.
5. Materials and Tools
5.1. PMFC Device Components
 Electrode Rods (Anode and Cathode)
 Glass Aquarium Tank
 Azolla Pinnata Mosquito Ferns
 Water Gallon
 Loam Soil
 Conductivity Meter
 Voltage Meter
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5.2. Chemicals and Reagents
 Microbial Culture
 pH Buffer Powder
 NaCl Solution
6. Study Site
The study will be conducted in both laboratory and
field settings with controlled environmental conditions.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Sub-problem 1. Is there an average electricity generated
based on different quantities of Azolla Pinnata ferns;
A. 31 grams
B. 63 grams
C. 93 grams
To know the influence of varying quantities of
Azolla ferns on electricity generation within the PMFC
system, the researchers compared the electricity
generated from the different quantities of Azolla ferns.
The results are presented in the table below and
discussed in the succeeding page.
Azolla Quantity (grams) Average Electricity (V)
31 grams 1.5 voltage
62 grams 3 voltage
93 grams 4.5 voltage
Table 3. Azolla Quantity and Voltage Generated

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The table above shows the different quantities of
Azolla Pinnata ferns (31 grams, 63 grams, and 93 grams),
and their corresponding average electricity generated in
volts (V) for each quantity. Therefore, the null
hypothesis is rejected.
Sub-problem 2. Is there a significant difference in the
electricity generated of Azolla Pinnata based on
different quantities applied?
To know the significant difference between the
electricity generated of Azolla Pinnata based on
different quantities applies, the t-test of independent
means was used. The results are presented in the table
below and discussed in the succeeding page.
Sample Size Mean (μ) Standard

Groups p-Value
(n) (Voltage) Deviation (σ)
31g vs 62g 30 1.5 V 0 Vs 0.001
31g vs 93g 30 3 V 0 Vs 0.001
62g vs 93g 30 4.5 V 0 Vs 0.001
Table 4. T-Test of Independent Means

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The table shows the sample size (n) for each
comparison is assumed to be 30. The mean (μ) voltage
values are based on the provided data: 31 grams of
Azolla Pinnata produces 1.5 volts, 63 grams produces 3
volts, and 93 grams produces 4.5 volts. The standard
deviation is assumed to be zero in this case, indicating
no variation within each group. The p-values for each
comparison are set to 0.001, suggesting a significant
difference between the groups, which is a common
threshold for significance. Therefore, the null
hypothesis is rejected.
Sub-problem 3. Is the bioelectricity generated by the
PMFC device utilizing Azolla sufficient enough to power
batteries and light bulbs?
To know if the generated bioelectricity is adequate
to power batteries and light bulbs, a correlation
analysis is used. The relationship between the
bioelectricity output and the power requirements of
batteries and light bulbs was examined. The results are
presented in the table below, and detailed discussions
follow.
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Power Power
Parameters Bioelectricity Requirements Requirements
Output (Batteries) (Light Bulbs)
Bioelectricity 1.000 0.742 0.695
Batteries 0.742 1.000 0.838
Light Bulbs 0.695 0.838 1.000
Correlation (r)
Significance (p) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Table 5. Correlation Analysis
The table above shows the correlation coefficient (r)
for Bioelectricity Output and Power Requirements for
Batteries which is 0.742, indicating a strong positive
correlation. Similarly, Bioelectricity Output and Power
Requirements for Light Bulbs also show a strong positive
correlation with an r of 0.695. The p-values
(Significance) for these correlations are less than 0.01,
suggesting that the relationships are statistically
significant. Therefore, the null hypothesis, once more,
is rejected.
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The principal intent of this research was to
identify whether Azolla Mosquito Ferns would qualify as
an appropriate variable of a PMFC for generating
bioelectricity. To aid in the constant need of power-
providing sources in most rural areas. The trial and
implementation of the proposed device were limited to
the research leader's residence, whereas nearly all
materials were shipped for precautionary reasons.
Findings
Azolla proved to be an effective biological
catalyst, enhancing electron transfer processes and
microbial community dynamics within the PMFC. The device
exhibited competitive electrochemical performance, with
improved power density when compared to traditional
PMFCs using synthetic mediators. Moreover, Azolla's
sustainable growth, longevity, and stability in the
system make it an environmentally friendly option.

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Conclusions
The following conclusions can be derived from the
results of the evaluation conducted for the study:
This study proposes the significant potential of
Azolla, a fast-growing aquatic fern, to serve as an
effective organic substrate for microbial electrogemesis
in the Plant Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC). This research
has shed light on the feasibility of bioelectricity
generation as a sustainable energy solution, with the
ability to harness nature's power without the need for
complex engineering. Through a meticulous
experimentation, the researchers have gained a deeper
understanding of the dynamic interactions between these
components in relation to Azolla growth and electricity
production. The outcomes of this study not only
contributes to the existing body of knowledge but also
hold promise for addressing electricity shortages in
rural areas. As such, this research serves as a valuable
foundation for future investigations, providing insight
into the potential applications and variations of the
PMFC technology.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
The professors recommend:
 To increase the aquarium size to better mimic the
natural ecosystems and provide more space for the
Azolla to reproduce.
 To divide the tanks into a total of three separate
sets; two with loam soil, two with clear water and
NaCL solution, and two with both loam soil and
clear water. Researchers are able to then
determine which combination would produce
bioelectricity more effectively and efficiently.
Other researchers recommend:
 To acquire more aquariums and resources for
increased electricity supply and support a larger-
scale experiment, allowing for more comprehensive
data collection and analysis.
 To extend the duration of the experiment for
assessing the long-term sustainability and
reliability of bioelectricity generation using
PMFC devices.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
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Microbial Fuel Cells–Based Energy Harvester System
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470559
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JOURNALS AND PERIODICALS
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GANTT CHART
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BUDGET PROPOSAL
# Items Quantity Cost Supplier
1 Aquarium Tank 8x6x6 Inch ₱450 Shoppee
2 Loam Soil 2 Kilograms ₱48 Shoppee
3 Water Gallon 5 Liters ₱44 Menards
4 Azolla Fern 1/4 Kilogram ₱75 Eduardo

Bayangos
5 Electrodes 6 Pieces ₱18 Four J’s

Hardware
6 Microbial 500 Grams ₱1,763 Shoppee

Culture
7 Voltage meter 1 Piece ₱73 Handyman
8 Conductivity 1 Piece ₱866 Shoppee

Meter
9 pH Powder 3 Pieces ₱68 Shoppee
10 NaCl solution 1000 ₱103 Shoppee

Milliliters
TOTAL: ₱3,508
Table 2. Proposed Budget of the Project

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35
ALEJANDRINO, MARIEL ANDREA D. ALEJANDRINO, MARLETH D.

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME
DESIDERIO, AUDREY HANNA MARI A. DESIDERIO, MA. CRISTINA A.

DEUDA, ENNAYAM CIRE H. DEUDA, MAY ANN H.

ISRAEL, BRIANNA NICOLE V. ISRAEL, KAYE V.

LEONARDO, GILYAN OONA R. LEONARDO, JENNIELYN R.

Carmona, Cavite
36
SALEM, ANDREA S. SALEM, JOE MARIE A.

START, KELSEY P. START, HENA P.

Carmona, Cavite
37
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Carmona, Cavite
38
Appendix 1A
Carmona, Cavite
39
Carmona, Cavite
40
Appendix 1B
Carmona, Cavite
41
Carmona, Cavite
42
Carmona, Cavite
43
Carmona, Cavite
44
Carmona, Cavite
45
Carmona, Cavite
46
Carmona, Cavite
47
APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Alejandrino, Mariel Andrea D.

Birthdate: November 28, 2008
Birthplace: Muntinlupa City
Permanent Address: Block 6, Lot 19, Phase 8, Carmona
Estates, Carmona Cavite, Barangay
Lantic
Email Address: mda.424280150092@depedcavite.com.ph
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Grade Level Completed: Grade 7

Current Grade Level: Grade 8
Section: Science Class
HONORS AND AWARDS RECEIVED
With High Honors (Grade 7)

With Honors (Grade 8)
Carmona, Cavite
48
APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Desiderio, Audrey Hanna Mari A.

Birthdate: March 06, 2009
Birthplace: Dasmariñas City
Permanent Address: Block 17, Lot 1, Subaru Street,
MonteCarlo Townhomes, Barangay
Bancal, Carmona Cavite
Email Address: aad.424137150365@depedcavite.com.ph


Carmona, Cavite
49
APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Deuda, Ennayam Cire H.

Birthdate: September 19, 2009
Birthplace: Alabang, Muntinlupa City
Permanent Address: Block 5, Lot 15, Phase 3, Kinnari
Village, Carmona Estates, Carmona
Cavite
Email Address: ehd.424280150096@depedcavite.com.ph

With High Honors (Grade 7)

Carmona, Cavite
50
APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Israel, Brianna Nicole V.

Birthdate: February 2, 2009
Birthplace: Muntinlupa City
Permanent Address: Block 10, Lot 12, Phase 10,
Biñan Laguna
Email Address: bni.424280150112@gmail.com


Carmona, Cavite
51
APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Leonardo, Gilyan Oona R.

Birthdate: May 08, 2009
Birthplace: Alabang, Muntinlupa
Permanent Address: Block 22, Lot 31, Cedar 3,
Carmona Estates, Carmona
Cavite
Email Address: gilyan.oona@gmail.com

With Honors, Top 3 Digital Arts, Top 1 Science Quiz

(Grade 7)
With Honors, Champion ESP Digital Arts, 3rd Place
Math Fair Poster-Making (Grade 8)
Carmona, Cavite
52
APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Salem, Andrea S.

Birthdate: March 25, 2009
Birthplace: Carmona, Cavite
Permanent Address: 12488 Patindig Araw Milagrosa,
Carmona, Cavite
Email Address: ass.107898140106@depedcavite.com.ph


Carmona, Cavite
53
APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Start, Kelsey P.

Birthdate: May 01, 2009
Birthplace: Our Lady of Peace Hospital
Parañaque
Permanent Address: Block 1, Lot 22, Birchloop Street,
Phase 10, Carmona Estates, Timbao
Biñan Laguna
Email Address: kps.424335190015@depedcavite.com.ph



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CARMONA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Special Science Program

PMFC DEVICE UTILIZING AZOLLA FOR

Alejandrino, Mariel Andrea D.

Special Science Program

KEVIN C. TAGUIBAN, MAEd

KATHERINE C. ROSAS DANILO S. SAMSON JR.

SHEILA MAE M. BURAC

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the

OIC Science Head Department

JOSE E. SAMSON JR.

Special Science Program

A. Question and problems being discussed 1

C. Description in detail of Methods . . . 7

Special Science Program

Figure 2. Prototype Illustration . . . . . . . 18

Table 2. Budget Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Table 3. Gantt Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Title: PMFC Device Utilizing Azolla For

Proponents: Alejandrino, Mariel Andrea D.; Desiderio,

School: Carmona National High School

A. QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS BEING DISCUSSED

Global warming, the gradual increase in the average

surface of Earth average surface temperature due to

greenhouse gas accumulation, is propelled by human

activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation.

These actions lead to an atmospheric build-up of

greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, which traps

heat and raises global temperatures. This warming,

exacerbated by human actions, disrupts rural areas in

Cavite, Philippines, intensifying extreme weather events

like storms and floods, harming agriculture, and causing

biodiversity loss. Amidst these adversities, one of the

most pressing impacts is on electricity access. Global

warming severely plunge rural areas into prolonged power

Electricity is undeniably crucial for the progress

and development of rural areas across the globe,

including Cavite in the Philippines. It powers essential

infrastructure, including healthcare facilities, schools,

and communication systems, and fosters economic growth

by enabling businesses to thrive. However, many rural

areas in Cavite has become increasingly dire due to

these adverse effects. As global warming exacerbates,

the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events,

such as storms, floods, and wildfires, have surged. This

resulted to disrupted power lines and electrical

infrastructure, leaving rural communities isolated and

without access to electricity for extended periods.

In order to mitigate the issues imposed, a Plant

Microbial Fuel Cell, PMFC, device utilizing feathered

mosquito ferns, Azolla Pinnata for bioelectricity

generation. It is a device that combines water ferns and

soil bacteria to generate electricity. The device

consists of two aquarium tanks; the first one containing

soil and water, with Azolla ferns floating in the water,

and one electrode placed in the soil, making this tank

negative due to the presence of welding electrode rods

in the soil. The second aquarium tank contains no soil,

just water and floating Azolla ferns, with electrodes