Mammomat Novationdr

MAMMOMAT NovationDR
SP
Installation Instructions
FFDM-S Service Manual DRC
© Siemens AG 2004
The reproduction, transmission or
use of this document or its contents
is not permitted without express
written authority. Offenders will be
liable for damages. All rights,
including rights created by patent
grant or registration of a utility
model _or_ design,_are_ reserved.
English
Print No.: SPB7-250.812.02.01.02 Doc. Gen. Date: 02.04
Replaces: N/A
DirectRay® for Siemens
Full Field Digital Mammography

(FFDM-S)
Service Manual
Direct Radiography Corp.

February 5, 2004
Document No. MAN-00190
February 5, 2004
The information contained in this manual is confidential and proprietary to Direct
Radiography Corp. This information is provided only to authorized representatives
of Direct Radiography Corp. customers solely for the purpose of facilitating the use
of Direct Radiography products. No information contained herein may be disclosed
to any unauthorized person for any purpose whatsoever without the prior written
consent of Direct Radiography Corp.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Copyright 2004 by Direct Radiography Corp. All rights reserved.
Printed in the U.S.A.
DirectRay is a registered trademark of Direct Radiography Corp. All other
trademarks, registered trademarks, and product names used within this document
are the property of their respective owners.
Direct Radiography Corp.
600 Technology Drive
Newark, DE 19702 USA
Telephone:
U.S.A. only: +1 888 999 5862
International: +1 302 631 2700
Fax: +1 302 731 7438
Authorized European Representative:

Hologic Europe - Horizon Park
Leuvensesteenweg 510, BUS 31
1930 Zaventem, Belgium
Contents
About This Manual
Intended Use.................................................................................................................... vii

Organization..................................................................................................................... vii
Conventions Used in This Manual................................................................................... viii
Chapter 1: Introduction
What Is the DirectRay FFDM-S System?....................................................................... 1-1

General Safety and Compliance Information ................................................................. 1-2
Safety Precautions................................................................................................... 1-2
General Use Cautions and Warnings ...................................................................... 1-2
United States Federal and State Regulations.......................................................... 1-2
IEC Regulations....................................................................................................... 1-2
Manufacturer’s Responsibility .................................................................................. 1-2
Caution Regarding Small-Detail Object Imaging ..................................................... 1-3
Restrictions on Use ................................................................................................. 1-3
Detector Safety and Compliance Information................................................................. 1-4
Environment............................................................................................................. 1-4
Certification.............................................................................................................. 1-4
Classification............................................................................................................ 1-4
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes ............................................................................... 1-5
Symbols Used.......................................................................................................... 1-6
PXCM Safety and Compliance Information.................................................................... 1-7
Environment............................................................................................................. 1-7
Certification.............................................................................................................. 1-7
Classification............................................................................................................ 1-7
Warnings and Cautions ........................................................................................... 1-7
Chapter 2: Theory of Operation
Normal Operations Sequence........................................................................................ 2-1

Communication Between the PXCM and the Generator During an Exposure............... 2-3
Additional Information About AEC Mode ................................................................. 2-3
DirectRay Technology..................................................................................................... 2-8
Indirect Versus Direct X-ray Capture........................................................................ 2-8
The DirectRay Detector ........................................................................................... 2-9
February 5, 2004 iii

Layer Structure....................................................................................................... 2-10
Electronic Readout................................................................................................. 2-11
Chapter 3: Installation
Unpacking the DirectRay Hardware Components .......................................................... 3-2

Unpacking the DirectRay Detector ........................................................................... 3-2
Hardware Installation Information ................................................................................... 3-5
DirectRay Detector Installation................................................................................. 3-5
DirectRay PXCM Installation .................................................................................... 3-6
DirectRay Interface Card Installation........................................................................ 3-7
Fiber Optic Cable Installation and Care Guidelines ................................................. 3-8
Handling............................................................................................................. 3-8
Connecting......................................................................................................... 3-8
Cleaning............................................................................................................. 3-8
Chapter 4: Calibrating the AEC
When AEC Calibration Should Be Performed................................................................. 4-1

The Three Calibration-Related Procedures .................................................................... 4-1
Starting the AEC Calibration Tool ................................................................................... 4-2
Viewing Version Information and Exiting the Tool..................................................... 4-3
Main Window Functions and Options....................................................................... 4-3
Determining the Half Value Layer (HVL)......................................................................... 4-5
Determining the Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) ............................................................ 4-8
Generating the Goal Image .......................................................................................... 4-11
Copying Goal Images ................................................................................................... 4-13
Chapter 5: PXCM Web Tool
When PXCM Web Functions Should Be Used ............................................................... 5-1

Opening the PXCM Web Tool Home Page ..................................................................... 5-1
Function Security Levels and Login Prompts ................................................................. 5-2
Detector Functions ......................................................................................................... 5-3
Viewing Information About the Detector................................................................... 5-4
Viewing Detector Log Files ...................................................................................... 5-6
Upgrading Detector Software Components.............................................................. 5-8
Powering the Detector On and Off ........................................................................... 5-9
PXCM (Brick) Functions ............................................................................................... 5-10
Viewing Information About the PXCM .................................................................... 5-11
Viewing PXCM Log Files........................................................................................ 5-13
Viewing PXCM Application Information.................................................................. 5-15
Viewing PXCM AEC Configuration Information...................................................... 5-16
Viewing Media Converter Board (MCB) Information
and Upgrading Its Firmware................................................................................ 5-18
iv February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

Upgrading the PXCM Software.............................................................................. 5-20
Rebooting the PXCM ............................................................................................. 5-21
Shutting Down the PXCM ...................................................................................... 5-22
Generator Functions .................................................................................................... 5-23
Viewing Information About the Generator.............................................................. 5-24
Viewing and Modifying the Generator Configuration ............................................. 5-26
Factory Service Functions............................................................................................ 5-28
Chapter 6: Maintaining Image Quality
DirectRay Detector Calibration....................................................................................... 6-1

What Calibration Does............................................................................................. 6-1
When to Calibrate the DirectRay Detector............................................................... 6-1
Troubleshooting Image Quality....................................................................................... 6-2
Chapter 7: Troubleshooting Guidelines
General Troubleshooting Guidelines .............................................................................. 7-1

Interpreting Results from PXCM Self-Test ..................................................................... 7-1
Interpreting the PXCM Status LEDs .............................................................................. 7-2
Reporting DirectRay Log Information............................................................................. 7-2
Chapter 8: Replacement
Replacement Guidelines ................................................................................................ 8-1

Packing a DirectRay Detector for Shipment ................................................................... 8-2
Appendix A: Specifications
DirectRay Detector, PXCM, and Interface Card General Specifications ........................ A-1
Electrical......................................................................................................................... A-2
DirectRay Detector .................................................................................................. A-2
DirectRay PXCM...................................................................................................... A-2
Environment ................................................................................................................... A-2
Transit/Storage......................................................................................................... A-2
DirectRay Detector ............................................................................................ A-2
Operating ................................................................................................................. A-2
DirectRay Detector ............................................................................................ A-2
PXCM Connector Locations and Pinouts....................................................................... A-3
DirectRay Detector-to-PXCM Connection ............................................................... A-3
PXCM-to-Generator Connection.............................................................................. A-4
Appendix B: Field Replaceable Units
February 5, 2004 v
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.
vi February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

About This Manual
This manual contains service information for the DirectRay Full Field Digital
Mammography (FFDM-S) system components. It includes an overall description of
how the system operates as well as providing detailed service support procedures
such as installation, calibration, and troubleshooting.
Intended Use
Digital images can be viewed, stored, or printed. The system provides a digital
image capture capability for radiographic examinations for mammography.
Organization
Chapter 1: Introduction
Provides a description of the DirectRay FFDM-S components.
Chapter 2: Theory of Operation
Explains the sequence of internal operations that occur with system components
during exposures. It also describes the DirectRay technology used in the DirectRay
Detector.
Chapter 3: Installation
Provides guidelines for installing the hardware components of the DirectRay
FFDM-S system
Chapter 4: Calibrating the AEC
Describes how to calibrate the AEC by generating a goal table for a desired
target/filter combination and loading it into the DirectRay Power and X-ray
Control Module (PXCM).
Chapter 5: PXCM Web Tool
Describes Detector- and PXCM-related service tasks using the DirectRay PXCM
Web Tool.
Chapter 6: Maintaining Image Quality
Contains information to help maintain acceptable image quality.
Chapter 7: Troubleshooting
Provides guidelines on how to troubleshoot the DirectRay components.
Chapter 8: Replacement
Provides replacement guidelines for the DirectRay system components, and
explains how to pack the Detector for shipment back to Direct Radiography Corp.
February 5, 2004 vii

Appendix A: Specifications
Provides specifications for the DirectRay FFDM-S components.
Appendix B: Field Replaceable Units
Provides a listing of the FRUs for the DirectRay FFDM-S components.
Conventions Used in This Manual

This manual uses three types of special messages to emphasize information or
point out potential risks to personnel or equipment. A sample of each message type
follows.
NOTE: Notes provide additional information, such as expanded explanations, hints, or reminders.
CAUTION Cautions point out procedures that you must follow precisely to avoid
damage to equipment, loss of data, or corruption of files in software applications.
WARNING Warnings point out procedures that you must follow precisely to avoid injury
to yourself or others.
viii February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

1
Introduction
This chapter provides the general overview of the DirectRay Full Field Digital
Mammography (FFDM-S) system and its components. It also includes safety and
compliance information.
What Is the DirectRay FFDM-S System?

The DirectRay FFDM-S system is composed of the following components in a
direct-to-digital X-ray mammography imaging system:
• The DirectRay Detector, which converts X-rays into digital data
• The DirectRay Power and X-ray Control Module (PXCM), which acts as the
interface between the generator, the DirectRay Detector, and the FFDM-S
Acquisition Workstation software.
• The DirectRay Interface card, a PCI card located in the Acquisition
Workstation, which provides the fiber optic cable connection between the
PXCM and the Acquisition Workstation.
These components are implemented with a generator, tube stand, bucky, and
Acquisition Workstation to form a complete mammography system.
Detector PXCM Interface Card
GS20_419.cdr
Figure 1-1. DirectRay FFDM-S Hardware Oomponents
February 5, 2004 1-1

General Safety and Compliance Information
Safety Precautions
• Observe all warnings and cautions in the procedures.
• Follow all safety labels on the equipment.
General Use Cautions and Warnings
CAUTION Federal (USA) law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician (or
properly licensed practitioner).
WARNING The DirectRay FFDM-S system includes no user serviceable parts. For service
assistance, contact the vendor who supplied the system.
United States Federal and State Regulations

DirectRay FFDM-S systems conform to the United States Code of Federal
Regulations, 21 CFR 1020.30 “Diagnostic X-Ray Systems and their major
components.” However, additional state regulations may apply for X-ray products.
This may require notifying your state regulatory agency about your installation
and/or operator training and certification.
It is the responsibility of the user to contact the applicable state radiation control
agency to verify that your installation is in compliance with regulations in your
state governing installation and use of X-ray equipment.
IEC Regulations
Software used in the DirectRay FFDM-S system was developed using
IEC 60601-1-4 as a guide.
Manufacturer’s Responsibility
This equipment is sold with the understanding that Direct Radiography Corp., its
agents and representatives, do not accept any responsibility for overexposure of
patients or personnel to X-radiation.
Furthermore, Direct Radiography Corp. does not accept any responsibility for
overexposure of patients or personnel to X-radiation generated by this equipment
as a result of poor operating techniques or procedures.
Also, no responsibility is assumed for any unit that has not been serviced and
maintained in accordance with the technical service manual, or which has been
modified or tampered with in any way.
1-2 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

Caution Regarding Small-Detail Object Imaging
As with all digital imaging devices, there is the potential that small-detail
structures, high-contrast edge structures, and fine-line structures with a repeating
pattern could appear differently in the digital image than in an image created with
an analog device—such as screen–film system—or with another digital device
having smaller individual detector elements. For example, for a sharp-edged
object, the edges of that object may appear to have “stair-steps” when in fact the
object edge does not have such structure. This is an effect of digital undersampling.
For small-detail objects having a size on the same order of magnitude as an
individual pixel or smaller, the apparent contrast of that object can vary based on
the position relative to the individual detector element locations. For example, the
contrast of a single spherical object the same size as a pixel would have a different
appearance if the object were imaged directly overlying a detector element (highest
contrast) or placed at the intersection of four detector elements (lowest contrast).
Objects inherently smaller than individual pixels will have a lower apparent
contrast because of the digital sampling of the analog radiation intensity signal
over an area larger than the small object. In each case, a lower apparent
signal-to-noise can result in reduced visibility of such objects.
Restrictions on Use
The customer is responsible for assuring that accessories used with the DirectRay
FFDM-S system do not degrade the safety of the system.
Accessories and interfacing equipment used in conjunction with the DirectRay
FFDM-S system and located outside the patient environment may be exempt from
EN60601-1. Such equipment must, however, conform to EN60601-1-1 and
therefore to standards applicable to information technology equipment such as
EN60950 and to applicable electromagnetic compatibility requirements.
Introduction February 5, 2004 1-3

Detector Safety and Compliance Information
Environment
The operating environment is 20° to 35°C (68° to 95°F), 10 to 80% Relative
Humidity (non condensing). Make sure the ventilation openings at the rear of the
detector are not obstructed. For storage and transportation, the temperature range
must stay within 10° to 40°C (50° to 104°F) or permanent damage may occur. Such
damage could be considered misuse and may not be covered under warranty.
Do not autoclave this equipment.
Certification
UL Recognized Component certified to be in compliance with applicable
requirements of:
• UL 2601-1, Second Edition including Amendments 1 and 2
• CAN/CSA C222 No. 601.1-M909
Use of the FFDM-S with equipment not complying with equivalent safety
requirements may lead to a reduced level of safety in the resulting system. There
must be evidence that added equipment has been certified for safety in accordance
with the appropriate IEC 601-1 and/or IEC 601-1-1 harmonized national standard.
Otherwise use within the defined Patient Vicinity is not approved. Testing of the
FFDM-S in combination with the end use equipment shall include leakage current
test, ground continuity tests, temperature tests and other tests as required by the
appropriate standards. The maximum operating temperatures of certain safety
components, as defined in the applicable safety standards, must not be exceeded in
the end use installation to maintain the intended safety. The FFDM-S is intended
to be installed as part of x-ray equipment and serviced only by persons trained and
approved to work on that specific equipment, using the appropriate tools.
Classification
With reference to subclause 5 of IEC 60601-1:
• Protection against electric shock (5.1, 5.2) Class I.
• Applied Parts: Type B Applied Parts.
• Protection against harmful ingress of water (5.3) Ordinary.
• Degree of safety in the presence of flammable anesthetics or oxygen (5.5). Not
suitable for use in the presence of flammable anesthetics or oxygen.
• Mode of Operation (5.6): Continuous.

Warnings, Cautions, and Notes
WARNING A Protective Earth Ground connection to the FFDM-S Detector shall be

provided in the end use equipment installation.
WARNING Dangerous Voltages are present on some components, printed wiring traces,
and heatsinks. A blown fuse is an indication of a catastrophic failure of circuit
components. Unauthorized replacement may result in a risk of fire.
CAUTION Some of the electronic components used in this product may be damaged
by static electricity or electrostatic discharge. Unpack and handle using appropriate
precautions.
CAUTION Each image detector is provided with a CD-ROM containing data for initial
gain calibration and defect mapping. The gain calibration process must be performed
again when installed at the end user site to compensate for variations in the specific
x-ray tube, breast tray, compression paddle, grid, and all other parts of the image path.
Any dirt, debris, or foreign objects in the path between X-ray source and image
detector elements at time of calibration may adversely affect subsequent images.
Calibration should be repeated at regular intervals to maintain image quality. Defect
mapping can be verified and updated by authorized service personnel.
NOTE: This product must be returned to the manufacturer for proper disposal of the selenium and
related electronic materials.

Symbols Used
Danger! Hazardous Voltages are present within this equipment.
Attention! Consult this accompanying document for valuable information on

the safe and effective use of this product.
+35 C This thermometer symbol indicates the recommended operating

+10 C temperature range of 20° to 35°C (68° to 95°F). A similar symbol appears on
+95 F the product packaging indicating that during storage and transportation the
+50 F
temperature must stay within 10° to 40°C (50° to 104°F).
Special Cleaning Instructions:

Do not spray cleaning solution directly on the equipment. Instead, moisten
cloth with the solution and wipe the Detector.
Fragile - Handle with care.
Do not immerse the equipment in liquid.
This product contains no user serviceable parts. Assembly of this product is

done under controlled clean room conditions. Exposing the more sensitive
internal parts lesser environments may permanently affect product
performance.
Do not to operate this equipment in the presence of flammable anesthetics

or high levels of oxygen. The gas bottle and flame are a visual reminder of a
hazard that usually cannot be seen.
This equipment has been determined to be Type B equipment providing a

particular degree of protection against electric shock.

PXCM Safety and Compliance Information
Environment
The operating environment is 10° to 50°C (50° to 122°F), 10 to 80% Relative
Humidity (non condensing).
Certification
UL Recognized Component certified to be in compliance with applicable
requirements of:
• UL 2601-1, Second Edition including Amendments 1 and 2
• CAN/CSA C222 No. 601.1-M909
Use of the PXCM-S with equipment not complying with equivalent safety
requirements may lead to a reduced level of safety in the resulting system. There
must be evidence that added equipment has been certified for safety in accordance
with the appropriate IEC 601-1 and/or IEC 601-1-1 harmonized national standard.
Otherwise use within the defined Patient Vicinity is not approved. Testing of the
PXCM-S in combination with the end use equipment shall include leakage current
test, ground continuity tests, temperature tests and other tests as required by the
appropriate standards. The maximum operating temperatures of certain safety
components, as defined in the applicable safety standards, must not be exceeded in
the end use installation to maintain the intended safety. The PXCM-S is intended
to be installed within X-ray equipment and serviced only by persons trained and
approved to work on that specific equipment, using the appropriate tools.
Classification
With reference to subclause 5 of IEC 60601-1:
• Protection against electric shock (5.1, 5.2) Class I.
• Protection against harmful ingress of water (5.3) Ordinary.
• Degree of safety in the presence of flammable anesthetics or oxygen (5.5). Not
suitable for use in the presence of flammable anesthetics or oxygen.
• Mode of Operation (5.6): Continuous.
Warnings and Cautions
WARNING Dangerous Voltages are present on some components, printed wiring traces,
and heatsinks. A blown fuse is an indication of a catastrophic failure of circuit
components. Unauthorized replacement may result in a risk of fire.
CAUTION This unit includes a lithium battery. Do not attempt to disassemble or

recharge it. Do not dispose of the battery in fire.

CAUTION Some of the electronic components used in this product may be damaged
by static electricity or electrostatic discharge. Unpack and handle using appropriate
precautions.
CAUTION Dielectric strength test caution: (Statement from Condor DC Supplies Inc.
regarding their GSM28-5 power supply) "When performing Dielectric Strength Tests,
catastrophic failure of the unit may result if a Dielectric Strength test voltage greater
than 1800 Vac is applied between primary and secondary circuits. The components
providing isolation from primary to secondary cannot be tested while installed in the
power supply without overstressing basic (primary to ground) insulation. All isolating
components are individually 100% tested at 4800 Vac prior to installation."

2
Theory of Operation
This chapter explains the sequence of internal operations that occur with system
components during exposures. It also describes the DirectRay technology used in
the DirectRay Detector.
Normal Operations Sequence

A flowchart of the normal workflow is illustrated in Figure 2-1 on page 2-2.
Understanding the normal operation of the system facilitates troubleshooting to
isolate the possible causes of problems.

Technologist Receives
Next Patient
Exam Specific Settings
are Displayed
Technologist Identifies
Patient in System
Technologist Positions
Patient
Patient, and Exam

Information is
Displayed on
Acquisition Workstation Technologist Yes Technologist Modifies
Modifies the Exam
Technique Factors
Settings
?
Technologist Confirms No
Patient Identity on
Acquisition Workstation Technologist Acquires
Image
Technologist
Adjusts Image
Technologist Reject
Adjust Accepts Image?
Yes Is the No
Procedure
Listed? Accept Really No
Reject?
No Yes
Procedure Done?
No
Technologist Selects Technologist Yes

Existing Procedure Selects New
from List Procedure from List Image Sent
to Reject Bin
Technologist Closes
Procedure
GS20_410.cdr
Figure 2-1. Normal Workflow of the X-ray System

Communication Between the PXCM and the Generator
During an Exposure
The interface between the DirectRay Power and X-ray Control Module (PXCM) and
the Generator consists of seven hardware signals and regular exchange of
messages over an RS232 serial communication link.
There are two exposure operating modes: Manual and Automatic Exposure Control
(AEC). The exposure sequence is slightly different between the two modes. The
main difference is that the AEC exposure actually consists of two exposures: a
short pre-exposure; followed by the measurement, calculation, and transfer of the
required mAs value from the PXCM to the Generator; followed by the main
exposure.
Figure 2-2 on page 2-4 and Figure 2-3 on page 2-5 show the signals and their
relative occurrence in time.
NOTE: The PXCM is also referred to as the “brick.” Therefore, you will see the terms “PXCM” and
“brick” used interchangeable throughout this topic.
Additional Information About AEC Mode

During AEC mode:
1. A 5-mAs pre-exposure is made.
2. The actual mAs of the pre-exposure is sent from the Generator to the PXCM in
a code-S message.
3. The PXCM collects the resulting pixel values, binned together in super pixels
(128 x 128 pixels), from the Detector.
4. Using these super pixel values and the exposure parameters (for example, kV
and speed, supplied in the code-X message) of the exposure, the PXCM
calculates the required mAs value (which depends on the desired pixel value)
to be used for the main exposure.
5. The calculated mAs value is made available to the Generator by a code-B
message from the PXCM.
6. Once the calculated mAs value has been set up in the Generator, the Generator
sends a code-Y message to the PXCM.
7. The PXCM again activates its DR_DET_RDY_FOR_EXP_ signal; the
Generator starts the grid and, when in position, starts the actual exposure.
Theory of Operation February 5, 2004 2-3

PREP_DR_DET_
Inactivation after
exposure termination
X-ray button
activated t_boost
Acc. anode t_prep_end_dly
GEN_RDY_FOR_DR_EXP_ t_rotor_ok
t_reset_dr_det_rdy
t_det_rdy
DR_DET_RDY_FOR_EXP_ t_det_rdy_from_boost
t_grid_dly
X_RAY_ON_ t_gen_rdy_disable_to_xray_off
t_expose
DR_SYST_RDY_
t_det_cycle
t_dly_from_exp_finished
DR_DET_ERR_
GEN_POWERED_ON_
t_boost_to_query t_gen_rdy_to_query Brick Request
post exposure data msg
Code A* Code C
Brick Transmit
Message
t_gen_msg_dly Generator sends
Generator Transmit Code X* Code Z exposure data to brick.
Message
t mess exch
Figure 2-2. Timing Diagram for PXCM/Generator Communications in Manual Mode

PREP_DR_DET_
Inactivation after
exposure termination
X-ray button
activated
Acc. anode t_boost t_prep_end_dly
GEN_RDY_FOR_DR_EXP_ t_rotor_ok
t_disable_dr_det_rdy
t_det_rdy
DR_DET_RDY_FOR_EXP_ t_det_rdy_from_boost
t_gen_rdy_disable_to_ray_off
X_RAY_ON_ t_grid_dly
pre exp.
t_expose
DR_SYST_RDY_
t_det_cycle
t_dly_from_exp_finished
DR_DET_ERR_
GEN_POWERED_ON_
t_boost_to_query t_gen_rdy_to_query Brick Request
post exposure data msg
Code A* Code B Code C
Brick Transmit
Message t_gen_msg_dly
Generator sends
Generator Transmit Code X* Code S Code Y Code Z exposure data to brick.
Message Code C
t aec setup
t mess exch
Figure 2-3. Timing Diagram for PXCM/Generator Communications in AEC Mode

Table 2-1. Exposure Signals Between PXCM and Generator
Signal Direction Description
PREP_DR_DET_ Generator to PXCM The Generator has started the preparations to perform an
exposure.
Activation:
The Generator activates the signal when the exposure
preparations have started.
Deactivation:
The Generator deactivates the signal when:
• The exposure buttons are released.
• A correctly terminated exposure has been proceeded.
PREP_DR_DET_ Generator to PXCM Deactivation:

• An error interrupts the exposure.
For timing requirements, see t_prep_end_dly.
GEN_RDY_FOR_DR_EXP_ Generator to PXCM The Generator is ready to expose.

Activation:
When the anode speed is reached, the signal is activated.
Deactivation:
• The exposure buttons are released.
• A correctly terminated exposure has been proceeded.
GEN_RDY_FOR_DR_EXP_ Generator to PXCM Deactivation:

• An error interrupts the exposure.
For timing requirements, see

t_gen_rdy_disable_to_ray_off.
Note: For an AEC pre-exposure, the signal will stay active
in the time interval between the AEC pre-exposure and the
AEC main exposure.
DR_DET_RDY_FOR_EXP_ PXCM to Generator The Detector is ready for an exposure.

Activation:
When the Detector is ready to receive X-rays, the signal is
activated.
DR_DET_RDY_FOR_EXP_ PXCM to Generator Deactivation:

When the Detector exposure window ends, the signal is
deactivated.

Table 2-1. Exposure Signals Between PXCM and Generator
Signal Direction Description
X_RAY_ON_ Generator to PXCM The Generator is emitting X-rays.

Activation:
When the HV is applied to the X-ray tube, the signal is
activated.
Deactivation:
When the HV is switched off, the signal is deactivated.
Note: The emission can be pulsed but the signal will stay
on for the duration of the full exposure.
DR_SYST_RDY_ PXCM to Generator The DirectRay Detector subsystem is prepared for an

exposure request.
Activation:
When the DirectRay system is ready to receive the signal
PREP_DR_DET_, the signal DR_SYST_RDY is activated.
Deactivation:
When the signal GEN_RDY_FOR_DR_EXP_ is
deactivated, the signal DR_SYST_RDY_ is deactivated.
For timing requirements, see t_dly_from_exp_finished.
DR_DET_ERR PXCM to Generator An error is present in the DirectRay system.

Activation:
When there is an error condition within the DirectRay
system, the signal is activated.
Deactivation:
When the error condition has been cleared, the signal is
deactivated.
GEN_POWERED_ON_ Generator to PXCM The Generator is powered on.

Activation:
Whenever the Generator is powered on, the signal is
activated.
Deactivation:
Whenever the Generator is powered off, the signal is
deactivated.

DirectRay Technology
Indirect Versus Direct X-ray Capture

Most digital X-ray detectors use a scintillator, such as Cesium Iodide (CsI), or
phosphor as the X-ray capture media. As illustrated in Figure 2-4, this “indirect”
method requires converting the X-ray signal to light, which is then used to create
a charge which is later digitized and used to generate the final image. Spatial
resolution in these images is decreased due to the inherent multi-directional
scattering properties of light. A “direct” radiography detector employs a method in
which a special semiconductor (for example, a photoconductor) material is used as
the X-ray absorption material. In a process known as direct conversion, charges are
generated by the X-ray interactions in the semiconductor and are collected and
converted to a digital signal. Refer to Figure 2-4. The advantage of this process is
that there is no need to produce an intermediate, resolution-degrading signal, such
as light.
Figure 2-4. Comparison of Indirect and Direct X-ray Capture Methods.
Direct Radiography Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hologic, Inc., has

developed a direct conversion approach using a-Se and TFTs. The DirectRay
Detector is configured to include a dielectric layer between the a-Se and the top
electrode to prevent the breakdown of the electric field across the selenium when
charges (for example, electron-hole pairs) are produced.

The DirectRay Detector
The DirectRay Detector, illustrated in Figure 2-5, directly converts the X-rays to
digital data. The DirectRay Detector has several layers. The first layer inside the
cover, the SE-TFT detector matrix, converts the X-rays to digital data.
The DirectRay Detector also contains the control electronics and the precision
analog electronics that perform the data capture and conversion into digital
format. An 8-bit micro-controller in the DirectRay Detector performs the
management functions of setup, monitoring, and control of the acquisition
electronics.
X-RAY ELECTRONICS HOUSING, CONTAINS:

CONVERSION A/D CONVERTORS
LAYER MULTIPLEXER
INTERNAL HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY
DETECTOR DC-DC CONVERTER
COVER
ANTI-SCATTER
GRID MECHANISM
IMAGE AREA READOUT

GATE
DRIVERS
DETECTOR (TFT)
MATRIX FRAME
SUPPORT CARBON FIBER

STRUCTURE COMPOSITE
COVER
READOUT
CHARGE
AMPLIFIERS
Figure 2-5. DirectRay Detector Structure

Layer Structure
The structural foundation of the DirectRay Detector is a rigid sheet of glass onto
which is formed a detector element matrix using standard thin-film Active-Matrix
Liquid Crystal Display (AMLCD) manufacturing techniques. As illustrated in
Figure 2-6, each detector element consists of a single-storage capacitor,
charge-collection electrode and an amorphous silicon (TFT) field-effect transistor
(FET) switch. The gate of each FET is connected to one of a set of gate lines and the
source of each FET is tied to one of a set of data lines.
Figure 2-6. Perspective View of DirectRay Detector Multi-Layer Structure
The storage capacitor and charge-collection electrode are configured in such a way
that the electrode forms a “mushroom head” over much of the detector element
area. This unique design is illustrated in Figure 2-7 on page 2-11. The “mushroom”
electrode:
• Shields the FET from the high electric field that is generated by the high
voltage applied to the top electrode
• Shields the FET from signal charges that would collect on the insulation above
the FET
• Increases the charge collection efficiency of each detector element by
maximizing its area
In the configuration shown in Figure 2-7, the mushroom electrode covers 86% of
the total detector element area. The mushroom electrode material blocks the
electrons from injecting into the X-ray absorber above.

Figure 2-7. Cross-Sectional View of the “Mushroom” Charge-Collection Electrode
The layer above the detector element array is the actual X-ray conversion material.
To achieve sufficient X-ray absorption, a thickness of 500 µm of a-Se is used. This
material has been widely used in xeroradiography, so its electrical properties and
vacuum deposition processes are well understood.
The next layer is an insulating material with a high dielectric strength. Thickness
uniformity, good adhesion to selenium, optical transparency, and a low defect count
to avoid high field breakdowns are some key requirements for this dielectric
blocking layer.
A thin layer of metal is subsequently deposited on the dielectric material, serving
as an electrode to which several kV can be applied to separate the electron-hole
pairs. An additional material is deposited on top of the electrode material to
environmentally isolate the detector.
Electronic Readout
The readout of the charges starts immediately at the end of the X-ray exposure.
While all FETs (which are operated here as simple on–off switches) are not
conducting during the X-ray exposure, a positive gate pulse applied to the first gate
line simultaneously turns on all FETs connected to the first gate line. This causes
the image charge to flow to a bank of charge amplifier modules connected to the
data lines. The net X-ray signal is multiplexed and shifted out to a 14-bit
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and subsequently stored in computer memory.
The readout of the charges continues row by row until the digital value of the
charge in each storage capacitor has been transferred to memory. At the end of the
readout cycle, a charge erase cycle is initiated to refresh the detector panel for the
next exposure.
The current commercial 139-µm pitch DirectRay Detector has approximately
8 million pixels in the detector element matrix and a readout time of 4 seconds.
Once in computer memory, the image data can be processed and displayed on a
video monitor or routed into a network system.

This Page Left Intentionally Blank

3
Installation
This chapter explains how to install the DirectRay components: the Detector, the
Power and X-ray Control Module (PXCM), and the Interface PCI card.
Installation should be performed in the following sequence:
1. Unpack the DirectRay components.
2. Install the DirectRay Detector in the bucky and the PXCM in the X-ray tower.
3. Connect the PXCM to the Detector, using the appropriate cable.
4. Connect the PXCM to the Generator, using the appropriate cable.
5. Install the DirectRay Interface PCI card in the Acquisition Workstation, then
connect the PXCM to the Interface card using fiber optic cable.
6. Calibrate the Automatic Exposure Control (AEC).
Guidelines for installing the DirectRay hardware components are included in this
chapter. For instructions on calibrating the AEC, refer to Chapter 4.

Unpacking the DirectRay Hardware Components
Unpacking the DirectRay Detector

NOTE: Save all packing materials, in case you need to return the DirectRay Detector to Direct
Radiography Corp.
To unpack the DirectRay Detector:

1. Open the box and remove the packing insert.
Open box and remove

top packing insert
GS20_414.cdr
2. Remove all of the other packing material covering the inner box in which the
Detector is packaged.
Remove packing inserts

and phase change material
(shown here in gray)
GS20_415.cdr

3. Lift the inner box from the large box by pulling up on the lifting band.
Lift out inner box
by pulling
on lifting band
(do not cut the band)
GS20_416.cdr
NOTE: Do not cut the lifting band.
4. Slide the lifting band from the inner box.

Temperature
logger
Open box, remove packing insert,

temperature logger, and phase
change material.
Lift out Detector and carefully

remove from wrapper.
Slide lifting band

off (do not cut) GS20_417.cdr
5. Remove the packing material inside the inner box, which includes the
temperature logger that is used to ensure that the Detector maintained the
proper temperature will being shipped and stored.
Installation February 5, 2004 3-3

6. Carefully remove the Detector from its protective bag.
CAUTION Handle the Detector with extreme care! Avoid touching the thin film top
cover that protects the imaging area. The imaging electronics under the front cover
are extremely sensitive. The actual image area starts at the front edge and is
approximately 25 mm inside the other three edges. Any dust or fingerprints in this
area may affect final image quality. Temperature extremes may cause permanent
damage.
7. Save all packing material.

Hardware Installation Information
DirectRay Detector Installation

Install the DirectRay Detector in the mammography equipment using four M6
threaded fasteners.
G
G IN
A A
IM RE
A
Figure 3-1. DirectRay Detector Fastener Hole Locations
Figure 3-2 shows the Detector connector used for the cable that connects the
Detector to the DirectRay PXCM.
Connector for cable

to DirectRay PXCM
GS20_411.cdr
Figure 3-2. DirectRay Detector Connector (for cable to PXCM)

DirectRay PXCM Installation
Mount the DirectRay PXCM in the mammography equipment on four size M4
studs, in the position indicated in Figure 3-3.
NOTE: To ensure reliable communications, keep the fiber optic connections covered by protective
caps when not in use.
Figure 3-3. DirectRay PXCM Stud Hole Locations
Figure 3-4 shows the PXCM connectors used for the cable that connects the
Detector to the DirectRay PXCM, and the fiber optic cable to the DirectRay
Interface card.
Connector for cable Connector for cable

to DirectRay Detector to Generator
Fiber optic connectors

to DirectRay Interface card
PXCM power switch
Connector for PXCM

power cord
GS20_412.cdr
Figure 3-4. DirectRay PXCM Connectors (for cable to Detector and fiber optic cables to
Interface card)

DirectRay Interface Card Installation
The DirectRay Interface card is PCI-bus compatible, and uses a standard PCI card
install procedure. For installation instructions, refer to the hardware installation
instructions that accompany the Acquisition Workstation.
Figure 3-5 shows the Interface card fiber optic connectors used for the cable that
connects the PXCM to the Interface card.
Connectors
for fiber optic cables
to DirectRay PXCM
(shown with cap
on left connector) GS20_413.cdr
Figure 3-5. DirectRay Interface Card Fiber Optic Connectors (for fiber optic cable to
PXCM)

Fiber Optic Cable Installation and Care Guidelines
Handling
• Always handle fiber optic cables delicately and by the connector housing.
• Avoid acute bends in the cable, as this could break the fiber optic link inside
the cable.
Connecting
• Always perform one connection at a time.
• Remove the dust caps on the fiber optic connectors (you may have to rotate the
cap to loosen it).
• Holding the cable by the connector housing, insert the cable connector into the
connector on the device, making sure to align the keying features so the
connectors are properly mated, then turning the connector clockwise to lock it.
• To disconnect the cable connector, turn it counterclockwise, then pull it from
the connector on the device.
Cleaning
• Clean the connectors on both the cable and the devices with a lint-free,
alcohol-dampened cloth.
• Thoroughly wipe the side and end of the ferrule.
• Blow the ferrule with compressed air, or allow it to air dry, before reconnecting
the cable.
• Visually inspect the ferrule for lint.
• When not connected, replace the protective cap onto connector ends.

4
Calibrating the AEC
This chapter describes how to calibrate the AEC by generating a goal table for a
desired target/filter combination and loading it into the DirectRay Power and X-ray
Control Module (PXCM).
You use the AEC Calibration Tool to perform the calibration.
When AEC Calibration Should Be Performed

AEC calibration should be performed:
• As part of the initial system installation.
• Once a year.
• If changes are made to any of the DirectRay components or the Generator (for
example, if the PXCM is replaced).
The Three Calibration-Related Procedures

The purpose of the AEC calibration is to determine a valid mAs value and, using
that value, take a series of exposures to generate goal images. The AEC Calibration
Tool averages the goal images to, in turn, generate and load a goal table into the
PXCM.
There are three calibration procedures, which are performed in sequence:
1. Determining the Half Value Layer (HVL) of the X-ray Generator for a given
target/filter combination (described in “Determining the Half Value Layer
(HVL)” on page 4-5).
2. Using the HVL, determine the Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE; described in
“Determining the Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE)” on page 4-8). The resulting
mAs value is used during the goal image exposure, in the next procedure.
3. Using the mAs value determined in the ESE procedure, generating the goal
image (described in “Generating the Goal Image” on page 4-11), which results
in a goal table being loaded into the PXCM.

Note that, if you know the correct HVL value, derived by running the Determine
HVL procedure previously, you can skip that procedure and go right to the
Determine ESE procedure. Likewise, if you know the valid mAs to use during the
“goal image” exposures, you can skip the Determine ESE procedure and go right to
the Generate Goal procedure.
Starting the AEC Calibration Tool

Before starting the AEC Calibration Tool:
• You must be logged in to the FFDM-S Acquisition Workstation operating
system as apps.
• The FFDM-S Acquisition Workstation application must not be running.
If the application is running, kill it using the task manager.
If you are logging in as apps, then immediately upon the desktop being
displayed, double-click the console window icon and press the Ctrl+C keys. You
must do this within 5 seconds to prevent the FFDM-S Acquisition Workstation
application from starting.
To start the AEC Calibration Tool, in a terminal window, enter the command
AecCalTool.
You should see progress information in the terminal window. Eventually, the AEC
Calibration Tool main window will open. The main window will finish displaying
when the DRAPI initialization is complete.

Note that the window image above shows the default configuration of the tool:
• Target/filter setting is Mo/Mo
• Units are set to Gy/mGy
• AGD is set to 1.5 mGy
• No procedure active
Viewing Version Information and Exiting the Tool

To view the tool’s version and build information, open the Help menu and
choose About. The About dialog box displays.
To exit the tool, open the File menu and choose Quit.
Main Window Functions and Options

The AEC Calibration Tool window’s functions and options are described in
Table 4-1.
Table 4-1. AEC Calibration Tool Functions and Options

Function/Option Description
Procedure Options You choose what procedure you want to perform from these three options. Only one can be
selected at a time. When the tool starts, no procedure is selected. You must select one of the
three procedures to continue.
• Determine HVL. Select this procedure to determine the Half Value Layer (HVL) of the X-ray
Generator for a given target/filter combination. For the procedure for determining the HVL,
refer to “Determining the Half Value Layer (HVL)” on page 4-5.
• Determine ESE. Select this procedure to determine the Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE).
This step may be performed without determining the HVL of the X-ray Generator. However,
a valid HVL value must be known. For the procedure for determining the ESE, refer to
“Determining the Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE)” on page 4-8.
• Generate Goal. Select this procedure to generate the goal table for the selected target/filter
combination. This step may be performed without determining the HVL of the X-ray
Generator or the ESE. However, a valid mAs value must be known. For the procedure for
generating the goal, refer to “Generating the Goal Image” on page 4-11.
Target/Filter The desired target/filter combination. The goal table will be named to match (Mo/Mo is
goaltab1, Mo/Rh is goaltab2, W/Rh is goaltab3). Make sure that the Generator setting matches
this selection. Since this selection determines future instructions and calculations, this selection
will be disabled once the first HVL exposure is taken.
Calibrating the AEC February 5, 2004 4-3

Table 4-1. AEC Calibration Tool Functions and Options (cont.)
Function/Option Description
AGD Use this to select the desired Average Glandular Dose to be used in calculating the mAs value
for calibration. In a future version, this value will be logged on the end of the goal table file. The
default is 1.5 mGy (150 mR).
kV Use this to indicate the kV to be used during the calibration. This selection in the AEC
Calibration Tool window does not actually change the Generator settings, but is intended to
serve as a reminder to the user what the current Generator settings are. The default is 28 kV.
mAs Use this to indicate the mAs to be used during the calibration. This selection in the AEC
Calibration Tool window does not actually change the Generator settings, but is intended to
serve as a reminder to the user what the current Generator settings are.
Goal Images Use this to select the number of goal images to be taken and averaged together to create the
goal table. Select 1 to 4 images.
Enable Capture button Use this to enable the DRAPI for image capture. If the Status Window is green and displays
“DRAPI Armed”, it is not necessary to use this button. This button will only work when the status
window is yellow and displays “DRAPI Ready”. Clicking on this button will clear the Radiation
Entry field.
Units Use this to select the radiation units to be used. Choices are R/mR or Gy/mGy. When this
selection is changed, the AGD setting will change to convert the value to the current units. The
display in the instructions field after each exposure will also report in the selected units.
Reading Use this field to enter the dosimeter reading as instructed following each exposure for HVL or
ESE determination. Enter the numerical characters in the field and click the Submit button. The
last entry will be cleared whenever the Enable Capture button is pressed.
Submit button Use this button to submit a radiation entry.
Status • “DRAPI Not Ready” (white). The DRAPI is processing the previous exposure.
• “DRAPI Ready” (yellow). The DRAPI is ready to be enabled for exposure.
• “DRAPI Armed” (green). The DRAPI is ready for exposure. Press the Generator exposure
buttons to expose.

Determining the Half Value Layer (HVL)
Select the Determine HVL procedure option if you need to determine the HVL of
the X-ray Generator for a given target/filter combination.
This procedure requires taking four exposures.
• The first exposure and the last exposure are “control” exposures with no
attenuating material in place.
• The second exposure is taken with Aluminum in the path of the X-ray beam.
For the Molybdenum target, use a 0.3-mm thickness of Aluminum. For the
Tungsten target, use a 0.4-mm thickness of Aluminum.
• The third exposure is taken with a thicker amount of Aluminum in the path of
the X-ray beam.
- For the Molybdenum target and Molybdenum filter, use a 0.4-mm
thickness of Aluminum.
- For the Molybdenum target and Rhodium filter, use 0.5-mm.
- For the Tungsten target and Rhodium filter, use a 0.6-mm thickness of
Aluminum.
The result of the HVL procedure is a fractional number representing the HVL in
millimeters of Aluminum.
NOTE: If you already know the HVL and want to proceed with determining the ESE value, go to
“Determining the Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE)” on page 4-8.
To determine the HVL value:

1. In the tool’s main window, select the Determine HVL procedure option.
In the main window, the settings change and instructional text is displayed:
• The HVL procedure has been selected
• The units have been changed to R/mR
• The default AGD is now displayed in mrad instead of mGy
• Instructions for Generator and dosimeter configuration are displayed in
the text window
An example of the main window with the Determine HVL procedure option
selected is shown below.

2. Once the setup is complete, click the Enable Capture button.
The Status message changes from “DRAPI Ready” to “DRAPI Armed” and
turns from yellow to green.
3. Make sure the Generator is configured properly, then make the indicated
exposure.
4. Select the desired units.
5. In the Reading field, enter the dosimeter value in the appropriate units: mR
(milliRoentgen) or mGY (milliGray).
6. Make sure the entry is correct, then click the Submit button.
As the DirectRay Detector and DRAPI recycle for the next exposure, the Status
will change from “DRAPI Armed” to “DRAPI Not Ready” and will turn from
green to white.
When the DRAPI is ready to be enabled for the next exposure, the Status will
again say “DRAPI Ready” and will be yellow. Instructions for the next exposure
display.
7. Perform the displayed instructions.
The amount of aluminum added in this step is dependent on the target/filter
selection (Mo/Mo = 0.3mm; Mo/Rh = 0.3mm; W/Rh = 0.5mm).
8. Click the Enable Capture button.
The last dosimeter reading you entered is cleared. The status window will
change from “DRAPI Ready” to “DRAPI Armed” and will turn from yellow to
green.

9. Make sure the Generator is configured properly and make the indicated
exposure.
10. In the Reading field, enter the dosimeter value in the appropriate units
again say “DRAPI Ready” and will be yellow. Instructions for the next exposure
display.
The total thickness of aluminum in this step is dependent on the target/filter
selection (Mo/Mo = 0.4mm; Mo/Rh = 0.5mm; W/Rh = 0.6mm).
The last dosimeter reading you entered will be cleared. The Status will change
from “DRAPI Ready” to “DRAPI Armed” and will turn green.
exposure.
again say “DRAPI Ready” and will be yellow. Instructions for the final HVL
exposure step display.
The last dosimeter reading you entered will be cleared. The status window will
change from “DRAPI Ready” to “DRAPI Armed” and will turn Green.
exposure.
The calculated Half Value Layer value is computed and displayed. The tool
stores this value internally, to be used as input to the ESE procedure.
NOTE: You may want to make a note of the HVL value, so that you can skip the HVL procedure and
go right to the ESE procedure in future calibrations.

Determining the Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE)
You select the Determine ESE procedure option if you need to determine a valid
mAs to use when generating a goal image.
NOTE: If you already know the valid mAs to use and want to proceed to generating the goal image,
go to “Generating the Goal Image” on page 4-11.
The ESE procedure requires the HVL. If the HVL procedure has already been
performed, the tool will already have the HVL value. If you are skipping the HVL
procedure and starting with the ESE procedure, a dialog box displays, prompting
you to enter the HVL value.
The ESE procedure involves taking three exposures. The dosimeter readings for
each exposure are averaged together to determine the ESE for the selected Average
Glandular Dose (AGD). This in turn suggests the mAs that should be used to
generate the goal table.
To determine the mAs value:
1. In the tool’s main window, select the desired AGD value before starting the
ESE determination.
Once the first ESE exposure has been performed, the AGD value cannot be
changed.
2. Select the Determine ESE procedure option.
If the tool has the HVL value stored internally (for example, you just
performed the HVL procedure), go to step 5.
If the tool does not have the HVL value, the HVL Popup dialog box displays.
3. If you know the HVL value, enter the fractional value (for example, 0.3611),
then click OK or press the ENTER key.
If you do not know the HVL value, refer to “Determining the Half Value
Layer (HVL)” on page 4-5.
4. After entering the HVL value, select the Determine ESE procedure option
again.
In the main window, the settings change, based on the HVL and the selected
AGD, and instructional text is displayed.
Note that the Status field turns green and displays the message “DRAPI
Armed.”

5. Click the Enable Capture button, then make the indicated exposure.
6. Enter the dosimeter reading in the appropriate units.
Note that the scale of the units to be entered changes from mR to R if the R/mR
units are selected, but remains in mGy if Gy/mGy units are selected.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for the second and third ESE exposures.
After the third exposure, the average of the three dosimeter values entered is
displayed. Also, the suggested mAs value to be used for goal table generation.
is displayed.
NOTE: In most cases, the suggested mAs will not exactly match an mAs value to which the Generator
can be set. In this case, it is recommended that you use the closest lower mAs setting so that the
desired AGD will not be exceeded during future AEC exposures.

Generating the Goal Image
You use the Generate Goal procedure to generate the goal table for the selected
target/filter combination.The goal table will be created for the mAs value used by
the Generator to create the goal images.
Before performing the Generate Goal procedure, you must have a valid mAs value.
If you do not know a valid mAs value, you can perform the HVL and ESE
procedures to determine it. Refer to “Determining the Half Value Layer (HVL)” on
page 4-5 and “Determining the Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE)” on page 4-8.
During the procedure, you will choose the number of goal images (1 to 4) to average
together for the final result. The tool instructions will prompt you to enable capture
and expose for each of the images. When the final image exposure is complete, the
tool will automatically generate the goal table with a name derived from the
target/filter combination used. The goal table will then automatically be loaded to
the DirectRay PXCM.
To generate the goal image:
1. In the tool’s main window, select the Generate Goal procedure option
NOTE: You can select the Generate Goal option without performing the Determine HVL and
Determine ESE procedures, provided you know the proper mAs to configure the Generator.
In the main window, the settings change and instructional text is displayed.

2. Select the desired number of Goal Images to average (1 to 4) before taking the
first exposure.
3. Follow the displayed instructions for Generator configuration.
Note that if you just finished the ESE determination, the suggested mAs
appears both in the text field and in the mAs field. This is intended to be only
a reminder; you must manually set the proper mAS on the Generator.
4. Click the Enable Capture button, then make the indicated exposure.
Part of the text scrolling in the initial command window will show “Writing
image to file GOAL1.img” and then “Done writing file.”
5. If averaging more than one image, wait for the DRAPI to be ready again, then
enable capture and expose again. Do this for each image to be included in the
averaging.
When the final image has been written to a file, the images will be averaged
together (if more than one) and the goal table file will be generated. The file
name for the goal table image is based on the target/filter selection (Mo/Mo =
goaltab1; Mo/Rh = goaltab2; W/Rh = goaltab3).
The text display changes to show the number of averaged images.
The text scrolling in the initial command window will show the following text:
NOTE: The text messages may be interspersed with DRAPI image frame messages. Also, the sample
messages shown below represent a selected AGD of 1.5 mGy.
Binning the goal image to make goaltab file goaltab1 for Mo/Mo target/filter.
Reading image file... done.
Generating binned image
done.
Writing AEC image (448x512) file... done.
Writing mem image (28x32) file... done.
Image binning complete.
Opening goaltab1 for goaltab input
Opening brick:/tmp/goaltab1 for goaltab output
Reading goaltab1 for goaltab input
Read 896 goaltab entries.
Closing goaltab1
Writing brick:/tmp/goaltab1 for goaltab output
Wrote 3584 bytes via rfs.
Writing the value “15” to brick:/tmp/goaltab1 for AGD output…
Wrote 4 bytes via rfs.
Closing brick:/tmp/goaltab1
Installing goaltab1 to long-term Brick configuration…
(/usr/local/bin/xrayconfig goaltab1 save /tmp/goaltab1)
“save” OK.
Installing goaltab1 to effective and short-term Brick configuration…
(/usr/local/bin/xrayconfig goaltab1 load /tmp/goaltab1)
“load” OK.
Goal Table goaltab1 successfully loaded on Brick.
***************************************
AEC Calibration procedure is complete.
***************************************
At this point, the system is ready to use in AEC mode.

There may be a problem loading the expanded goaltab file (3584 pixels plus 4-byte
AGD value) into effective and short-term storage on the PXCM.

Alternatively, you may see the following output in the terminal window where you
started the tool:
Installing goaltab to long-term Brick configuration...
(/usr/local/bin/xrayconfig goaltab save /tmp/goaltab)
"save" OK.
Installing goaltab to effective and short-term Brick configuration...
(/usr/local/bin/xrayconfig goaltab load /tmp/goaltab)
*** Error 256 running rssio_exec for load.
**** unknown error
.SendGoalToBrick:Goal Table goaltab NOT loaded on Brick.
***************************************
*** Error sending goaltab to brick.
***************************************
If you see the “save OK” message but an error instead of the “load OK” message, be
assured that the goaltab has been stored in the PXCM’s long-term storage and will
be auto-installed on reboot. Simply reboot the PXCM before attempting to take
AEC exposures. For information on rebooting the PXCM, refer to “Rebooting the
PXCM” on page 5-21.
Copying Goal Images

You can copy an existing goaltab file to the PXCM under another name.
To copy the goaltab file to the PXCM using a different name, open the File
menu and choose Copy. The Copy Popup dialog box displays, indicating the name
of the source goaltab file (this is the goaltab for Mo/Mo filter/target combination).
Enter the copy’s name in the Copy file goal tab to: field, then click OK. The
goaltab for Mo/Mo will be copied to a new file on the PXCM, using the file name you
entered.


5
PXCM Web Tool
This chapter describes tasks related to using the DirectRay Power and X-ray
Control Module’s (PXCM) Web Tool.
When PXCM Web Functions Should Be Used

Many of the PXCM Web Tool functions are intended for use only by Direct
Radiography Corp., or only when Direct Radiography Corp.’s Support staff directs
you to use them in the course of troubleshooting system problems.
Restrictions regarding a function’s use is covered in its topic in this chapter.
Opening the PXCM Web Tool Home Page

To open the PXCM Web Tool’s home page, from a web browser running on the
Acquisition Workstation, enter the following in the URL field:
http://brick
The PXCM home page displays.

Function Security Levels and Login Prompts
PXCM web tool functions are assigned one of three security levels. The security
level is indicated in the Security panel at the top of each function’s page:
Low security, indicated by a green background. These

functions can be used without affecting the related
component’s operation.
Moderate security, indicated by a yellow background.

These functions could affect the related component’s
operation, but changes would not adversely affect its
operation.
High security, indicated by a red background. These

functions could affect the related component’s
operation and, if not done properly, could adversely
affect its operation.
Any time a user attempts to use a function assigned moderate or high security, a
login prompt will be displayed, to verify that they have authority to use the
function.

The login and password are:
login: root
password: brick
Once you have logged in to a particular function, you will not be prompted to log
into that function again when attempting to use it during the same PXCM web tool
session.
Detector Functions
NOTE: The DirectRay Detector is also referred to as the “Array.” Therefore, you will see the term
“Array” used for “Detector” throughout the web tool and the topics in this chapter.
The Detector functions are accessible from the Array Control Panel page.
To display the Array Control Panel page, click either of the Array links on the
home page.
PXCM Web Tool February 5, 2004 5-3

Viewing Information About the Detector
To view information about the Detector, click the Information/Status link on
the Array Control Panel page, or the Info link on any of the other Array pages. The
Array Information - Summary page displays.

To view a listing of the Detector files, click the Array Files button. A list of
Detector files displays, as shown below. Some file names are links; clicking on one
of these links displays the contents of the file.

Viewing Detector Log Files
NOTE: Detector log file information is intended as an aid to Direct Radiography Corp. Support staff in
troubleshooting Detector problems. For this reason, you will typically be using this function only at the
direction of Direct Radiography Corp. Support.
To view Detector log files, click the Log File(s) link on the Array Control Panel
page, or the Logs link on any of the other Array pages. The Advanced Search and
Detailed Log Info page displays. The operations you can perform from this page are
described in Table 5-1.
NOTE: For security purposes, you may be prompted to enter a login name and password before
executing this function. For more information, refer to “Function Security Levels and Login Prompts”
on page 5-2.
Table 5-1. Advanced Search and Detailed Log Page Operations

To: Do This:
View the current active log. Click the Summary button.
Search for a text string in the current Enter a search string in the adjacent field, then click
active log, and display the line in the log the Search button.
file in which it appears.
Display the first or last lines in the Enter the number of lines you want to display in the
current active log. adjacent field, then click either the Beginning or End
button.
View the current and all previous log Click the All Log Files button.
files.

The following screen shot shows an example of the current active log listing
(displayed by clicking the Summary button).
To return to the Advanced Search and Detailed Log Info page from the active log
listing page, click the Detailed button.

Upgrading Detector Software Components
NOTE: Typically, you will be upgrading an Detector software component only at the direction of Direct
Radiography Corp., or if you suspect that the current software component is corrupt.
To upgrade one of the Detector’s software components:

1. Click the Software Upgrade link on the Array Control Panel page, or the
Upgrade link on any of the other Array pages.
The Upgrade Detector Subsystem (Array) Software page displays.
on page 5-2.
2. Select the software component that you want to upgrade.
3. Click the Browse button, then navigate to and select the appropriate software
component file from your Acquisition Workstation’s file system.
The file you selected is displayed in the Please select the file to transfer
field
CAUTION The PXCM Web Tool does not check that the appropriate file type has been
selected. If you select the wrong file to upload, you could cause the PXCM to stop
operating.

NOTE: To clear your file selection, click the Reset Form button.
4. When you are ready to start the software file transfer, click the Upgrade
button.
The file transfer status is displayed on the page.
5. After the transfer is complete, reboot the Detector to have it start up using the
software you just transferred. For information about rebooting the Detector,
refer to “Powering the Detector On and Off” on page 5-9.
Powering the Detector On and Off

To power the Detector on or off, or reboot it, click the Array Power Control
link on the Array Control Panel page, or the Power link on any of the other Array
pages. The Array Power Control page displays. Click the appropriate button for the
operation that you want to perform.
on page 5-2.

PXCM (Brick) Functions
The PXCM functions are accessible from the Brick Control Panel page.
NOTE: The PXCM is also referred to as the “brick.” Therefore, you will see the terms “PXCM” and
“brick” used interchangeable throughout the web tool and the PXCM topics in this chapter.
To display the Brick Control Panel page, click either of the Brick links on the
home page.

Viewing Information About the PXCM
To view information about the PXCM, click the Information/Status link on the
Brick Control Panel page, or the Info link on any of the other PXCM pages. The
PXCM Information - Summary page displays.
To view more detailed PXCM information, click the Detailed button. A sample of
the PXCM detailed information is shown on the following page.

NOTE: The PXCM Information page also includes an Advanced button for displaying even more
detailed information. However, this advanced information is intended only as an aid to Direct
Radiography Corp. Support staff in troubleshooting PXCM problems. For this reason, you will typically
be using this function only at the direction of Direct Radiography Corp. Support.

Viewing PXCM Log Files
NOTE: PXCM log file information is intended as an aid to Direct Radiography Corp. Support staff in
troubleshooting PXCM problems. For this reason, you will typically be using this function only at the
To view PXCM log files, click the Log File(s) link on the Brick Control Panel
page, or the Logs link on any of the other PXCM pages. The Advanced Search and
Detailed Log Info page displays. The operations you can perform from this page are
described in Table 5-1 on page 5-6.
on page 5-2.

The following screen shot shows an example of the current active log listing
(displayed by clicking the Summary button).
To return to the Advanced Search and Detailed Log Info page from the active log
listing page, click the Detailed button.

Viewing PXCM Application Information
NOTE: PXCM application information is intended as an aid to Direct Radiography Corp. Support staff
in troubleshooting PXCM problems. For this reason, you will typically be using this function only at the
To view PXCM application information, click the Application Control link on

the Brick Control Panel page, or the App link on any of the other PXCM pages. The
Brickman - Status page displays.
on page 5-2.
CAUTION The Brickman page also includes an Execute Command button and an
Advanced button. These functions are intended only as an aid to Direct Radiography
Corp. Support staff in troubleshooting PXCM problems. Use of these functions could
adversely affect PXCM operation.

Viewing PXCM AEC Configuration Information
NOTE: PXCM Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) configuration information is intended as an aid to
Direct Radiography Corp. Support staff in troubleshooting AEC problems. For this reason, you will
typically be using this function only at the direction of Direct Radiography Corp. Support.
To view PXCM AEC configuration information, click the Brick AEC

Configuration link on the Brick Control Panel page, or the AEC link on any of the
other PXCM pages. The Brick AEC - Status page displays, as shown on the next
page.
CAUTION The Brick AEC page also includes a Modify Settings button. This function
is intended only as an aid to Direct Radiography Corp. Support staff in troubleshooting
AEC problems. Use of this function could adversely affect AEC operation.
on page 5-2.

Viewing Media Converter Board (MCB) Information and Upgrading Its
Firmware
NOTE: Viewing MCB information, or upgrading its firmware, is intended as an aid to Direct
Radiography Corp. Support staff in troubleshooting PXCM problems. For this reason, you will typically
be using these functions only at the direction of Direct Radiography Corp. Support.
To view MCB firmware information, click the Brick Firmware link on the Brick
Control Panel page, or the MCB link on any of the other PXCM pages. The MCB
page displays.
on page 5-2.
CAUTION The MCB page includes an Advanced button. This function is intended
only as an aid to Direct Radiography Corp. Support staff in troubleshooting AEC
problems. Use of this function could adversely affect MCB operation.

To upgrade the MCB firmware:
1. Click the Upgrade Firmware button on the MCB page.
The Upgrade PXCM Firmware (MCB) page displays.
2. Click the Browse button, then navigate to and select the appropriate MCB
firmware file from your Acquisition Workstation’s file system.
The file you selected is displayed in the Please select the Firmware file to
transfer field
operating.
NOTE: To clear your file selection, click the Reset Form button.
3. When you are ready to start the firmware file transfer, click the Upgrade Now
button.
4. After the transfer is complete, reboot the PXCM to have it start up using the
firmware you just transferred. For information, refer to “Rebooting the PXCM”
on page 5-21.

Upgrading the PXCM Software
NOTE: Typically, you will be upgrading an PXCM software only at the direction of Direct Radiography
Corp., or if you suspect that the current software is corrupt.
To upgrade the PXCM’s software:

1. Click the Software Upgrade link on the PXCM Control Panel page, or the
Upgrade link on any of the other PXCM pages.
The Upgrade PXCM Software page displays.
on page 5-2.
2. For the Select the package to be upgraded option, select siemens.

3. Select whether you want to overwrite all of the PXCM configuration files.
If you select the Save reserved files option, specify the files you want to
protect from being overwritten in the Enter Configuration files to be
retained field.

4. Click the Browse button, then navigate to and select the appropriate PXCM
software file from your Acquisition Workstation’s file system.
The file you selected is displayed in the Please select the file to transfer
field.
operating.
5. For the Select Boot Mode option, select normal, unless directed to select a
different mode by Direct Radiography Corp. Support.
6. Select the Sync Safe & Normal Modes? option.
NOTE: To clear your entries or selections, click the Reset Form button.
7. When you are ready to start the software file transfer, click the Upgrade
button.
8. After the transfer is complete, reboot the PXCM to have it start up using the
software you just transferred. For information about rebooting the PXCM,
refer to “Powering the Detector On and Off” on page 5-9.
Rebooting the PXCM

To reboot the PXCM, click the Reboot the Brick link on the Array Control Panel
page, or the Reboot link on any of the other PXCM pages. You will be prompted to
confirm the reboot operation.
on page 5-2.

Shutting Down the PXCM
To shut down the PXCM, click the Shutdown the Brick link on the Array Control
Panel page, or the Shutdown link on any of the other PXCM pages. You will be
prompted to confirm the shutdown operation.
on page 5-2.

Generator Functions
The Generator functions are accessible from the Generator Control Panel page.
To display the Generator Control Panel page, click either of the Generator
links on the home page.

Viewing Information About the Generator
To view information about the Generator, click the Information/Status link on
the Generator Control Panel page, or the Info link on any of the other Generator
pages. The Generator Information - Summary page displays.
To view more detailed Generator information, click the Detailed button. A sample
of the Generator detailed information is shown on the next page.
NOTE: The Generator Information page also includes an Advanced button for displaying even more
detailed information. However, this advanced information is intended only as an aid to Direct
Radiography Corp. Support staff in troubleshooting Generator problems. For this reason, you will
typically be using this function only at the direction of Direct Radiography Corp. Support.

Viewing and Modifying the Generator Configuration
NOTE: Viewing or modifying the Generator configuration is intended as an aid to Direct Radiography
Corp. Support staff in troubleshooting system problems. For this reason, you will typically be using
these functions only at the direction of Direct Radiography Corp. Support.
To view Generator configuration information, click the Configure Generator

link on the Generator Control Panel page, or the Config link on any of the other
Generator pages. The Generator Configuration - Status page displays.
on page 5-2.

To change the Generator configuration settings:
1. Click the Modify Settings button on the Generator Configuration page.
The Generator Configuration - Modify Settings page displays.
2. Select the Duration of Change option to specify how long you want the new
scan timeout value to be in effect.
NOTE: To clear your selection and entry, click the Reset button.
3. In the Scan Timeout Value field, enter the timeout value (in seconds).
4. To save your modifications, click the Change Scan Timeouts button.

Factory Service Functions
The Factory Service functions allow you to view a summary of information about
the Detector, the PXCM, and the Generator. It also allows you to save critical logs
to files that can be sent to Direct Radiography Corp. for troubleshooting analysis.
NOTE: The log files are intended as an aid to Direct Radiography Corp. Support staff in
troubleshooting system problems. For this reason, you will typically be using the Factory Service
functions only at the direction of Direct Radiography Corp. Support.
The Factory Service functions are accessible from the Factory Service Control
Panel page.
To display the Factory Service Control Panel page, click the Factory Service
link on the home page.
The summary information is displayed on the page. The page also includes a listing
of the available logs.
To save the PXCM run-time statistics to an archive (tar) and compressed
file, click the Brick Run-Time Stats link. From the dialog box that displays, you
can name and save the file in the Acquisition Workstation’s file system.
To save a log to a file, right-click on the link, then choose Save Target As from
the pop-up menu. From the dialog box that displays, you can name and save the log
file in the Acquisition Workstation’s file system.
To view a log, click its link. The log contents display on a new page.

6
Maintaining Image Quality
This chapter contains information to help maintain acceptable image quality.
DirectRay Detector Calibration

While calibration is typically performed by the customer as part of normal system
operation, calibration information is provided in the event that you are required to
perform a system calibration.
What Calibration Does

The DirectRay Detector captures charge in its TFT, which is then carried as an
electronic signal through charge amplifiers and analog-to-digital conversion to
generate a digital signal. While the charge amplifiers are matched, small
differences in their performance can result in differences in the X-ray densities
detected for the same amount of X-ray.
Performing calibration allows the system to detect these small differences, along
with other variables that can affect the digital signal output. The system can then
apply adjustments to the output data to compensate for these differences.
When to Calibrate the DirectRay Detector

Calibration of the DirectRay Detector must be done:
• Once a week.
• When the Detector has been powered off.
NOTE: Calibration must not be performed for at least one hour after the Detector has been powered
on to allow it to warm up.
• When the room temperature has varied more than ±3°C (±5.4°F) from the last
calibration.
NOTE: Calibration must always be performed according to Siemens Calibration Instructions.

Troubleshooting Image Quality
DirectRay components, when operating incorrectly, can yield a variety of
unacceptable imaging artifacts. These artifacts can come from anywhere along the
chain of image capture, conversion, and display. The tables in this topic suggest the
causes and corrective responses for particular problems.
A key step in analysis is to isolate the artifact to the component that is producing
it. First, similar appearing artifacts can come from anywhere in the overall image
chain. Second, the tendency to assume that the artifact is coming from the least
known component must be avoided. For example, artifacts that appear to be
coming from the DirectRay Detector may actually be coming from the output device
or processing.
Isolation is the first step and should be done by using internally-generated image
patterns in the image chain to determine where exactly the artifact is being
produced (“what is/what is not” the artifact analysis).
The following tables provide direction for cause and corrective action for those
artifacts that have been validated as coming from DirectRay components.
For troubleshooting questions, contact Direct Radiography Corp. Support.
Table 6-1. Line Artifacts

Problem Cause Recommended Action
Line Parallel to the Short Axis Seam:
• Seam correction algorithm not turned on; Perform DirectRay Detector calibration
wrong algorithm selected. procedure (refer to “When to Calibrate the
DirectRay Detector” on page 6-1).
• Detector gain not calibrated properly.
• Seam (lines 1535 and 1536) needs to be

mapped out.
Source lines:
• DirectRay Detector not calibrated • Perform DirectRay Detector calibration

properly. procedure.
• Line needs to be mapped out. • Contact Direct Radiography Corp.

Support for information on bad pixel
correction.
Line Parallel to the Long Axis Line ends at seam or line partially defective
(gate lines).
• Detector not calibrated properly. • Perform DirectRay Detector calibration

procedure.
• Line needs to be mapped out. • Contact Direct Radiography Corp.

Support for information on bad pixel
correction.
Line Runs Through Seam • Read out problem; HV setting time too • Follow applicable problem solving.
short.
• Hard copy device or processor artifact.

Table 6-2. Random Artifacts
Increase in Defective Pixels Defective pixel file requires updating. Contact Direct Radiography Corp. Support
and Lines for information on bad pixel correction.
Table 6-3. Structured Artifacts

Appearance of 24 “256 blocks” Gain calibration not turned on. Follow calibration procedure.
of different Densities or
Detector not calibrated properly.
Counts
Image not appearing in One or Detector defective. Replace Detector.

More “256 blocks”
Image not appearing in one or Detector defective. Replace Detector.

more quarters of Detector
Garbled, scrambled, or Poor cable connection. Check pins and Detector connection to
truncated (from edges of long PXCM.
axis in) images
Electronic interference with or along cable. Identify and isolate sources of interference;
examine the cable pathway.
Fine Linear Pattern, Parallel to Electromagnetic noise interfering with Shield Motors, power sources, and so on,
Long Axis, in One or More Detector Read Out. located in proximity to the DirectRay
“256 Blocks” (usually more Detector.
pronounced on an edge)
Table 6-4. Other Artifacts

Density Image is too dark or light. Verify LUT curves are properly set.
No Image or Very High HV setting incorrect. Check pac.cfg for correct setting.
Exposure Required to Obtain
HV contact failed. Replace DirectRay Detector.
an Image
High Contrast Objects Appear DirectRay Detector erase not working Check pac.cfg for correct settings.
as Ghost Image correctly.
Check for DirectRay Detector component
failure.
White lines towards the center DirectRay Detector defective. Replace DirectRay Detector.
of panel (Bar Code)
Dark lines / weak lines Lines need to be mapped out. Perform a procedure with X-ray and submit
the file to Direct Radiography Corp. Support
for mapping.
Poor image quality DirectRay Detector not calibrated to optimal Allow proper warm-up time to normal
operating temperature. operational temperature.
Distorted image with 256 DirectRay Detector defective. Replace DirectRay Detector.
blocks
Maintaining Image Quality February 5, 2004 6-3


7
Troubleshooting Guidelines
This chapter explains the diagnostic and troubleshooting guidlines for the
DirectRay FFDM-S components.
General Troubleshooting Guidelines

THIS TOPIC STILL UNDER DEVELOPMENT
Interpreting Results from PXCM Self-Test

THIS TOPIC STILL UNDER DEVELOPMENT

Interpreting the PXCM Status LEDs
The PXCM includes three status LEDs (shown in Figure 7-1 below):
• V1—Fiber-optic communications status. A red LED that lights to indicate
lack of communication from the FFDM-S. Likely causes are misconnected fiber
optic lines or the Detector being turned off.
• V2—PXCM status. A green LED that flashes to indicate normal operation of
the PXCM. If this LED does not light for a significant amount of time (that is,
2 to 3 minutes), reboot the PXCM.
• V3—Power status. A green LED that lights to indicate that the PXCM is
providing power to the Detector.
PXCM Status LEDs
GS20_418.cdr
Figure 7-1. DirectRay PXCM Status LEDs Location
Reporting DirectRay Log Information

You may be asked by your central service support group to submit DirectRay log
information related to a problem. You use the PXCM Web Tool, described in
Chapter 5, to gather the relevant log files. You can then send the file to your central
service support group for problem diagnosis.

8
Replacement
The chapter provides replacement guidelines for the DirectRay system
components, and explains how to pack the Detector for shipment back to Direct
Radiography Corp.
Replacement Guidelines
The field replaceable units for the DirectRay FFDM-S system include:
• DirectRay Detector
• DirectRay PXCM
• DirectRay Interface card
• Cables
There are no field-reparable units. If one of these components fail, you should
replace the component with a new one and ship the failed component back to Direct
Radiography Corp. For information on how the DirectRay components are secured
and connected, refer to Chapter 3.
You may also have to reinstall DirectRay Detector or Power and X-ray Control
Module (PXCM) software if it becomes corrupted. For software installation
instructions, refer to Chapter 5.

Packing a DirectRay Detector for Shipment
The DirectRay Detector must be properly packed before it is shipped.
To pack the Detector for shipping:
1. Locate the original packing material in which the Detector was shipped prior
to installation, and place the Detector in its protective bag.
2. Place the Detector in its bag, the temperature logger, the packing insert, and
the phase change material into the inner box, as shown below. Slide the lifting
band over the box.

3. Place the inner box, the phase change material, and packing inserts in the
outer box, as shown below.
Replacement February 5, 2004 8-3

4. Place the large packing insert between the inner and outer boxes, as shown
below.
5. Tape the box closed.

A
Specifications
STILL UNDER DEVELOPMENT
DirectRay Detector, PXCM, and Interface Card General

Specifications
Weight: DirectRay Detector: X kg (X lb)

DirectRay PXCM: X kg (X lb)
DirectRay Interface Card: X kg (X lb)
Dimensions: DirectRay Detector:

Width: X cm (X in.)
Height: X cm (X in.)
Depth: X cm (X in.)
DirectRay PXCM:
Width: X cm (X in.)
Depth: X cm (X in.)
DirectRay Interface Card:
Width: X cm (X in.)
Depth: X cm (X in.)
Image Area: Full field

Y x Y cm (Y x Y in.) nominal active image area
Detector Pixel: X µm
Y x Y µm active element size
Y x Y detector element matrix
Y% geometric fill factor
Presampling MTF: X% at Y.Y cycles/mm

X% at Y.Y cycles/mm
X% at Y.Y cycles/mm
February 5, 2004 A-1

Electrical
DirectRay Detector
TBD
DirectRay PXCM
100-240 V, 60/50 Hz, 1 A, 1 phase
Environment
Transit/Storage
DirectRay Detector
Temperature: 10° to 40°C (50 to 104°F), assuming the DirectRay Detector is

shipped in an approved insulated shipping container
Maximum gradient: X°C (X°F) per hour, assuming the unit is stored in an approved
shipping container
Relative humidity: X to X% (allow condensation dry time before installing)
Maximum gradient: X% per hour
Operating
DirectRay Detector
Temperature: 20° to 35°C (68° to 95°F)
Maximum gradient: X°C (X°F) per hour
Relative humidity: 10 to 80%, non-condensing
Maximum gradient: X% per hour
Maximum altitude: X m (X ft)
Maximum vibration: X G RMS
A-2 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

PXCM Connector Locations and Pinouts
DirectRay Detector-to-PXCM Connection

Detector/PXCM
Connector (X601)
Signal Pins
D A
JC B EL power P
E
H F
L K EL power com R
R M
P N
V G +24vdc S
U T
X W
24com V
+24vdc W
24com X
+24vdc T
24com U
GND L
GND H
Data Shield C
Data + D
Data - J
Serial Shield N
Xmit + A
Xmit - E
Recv + M
Recv - K
Bot EL ON F
(spare) (no connection)

(spare) (no connection)
Specifications February 5, 2004 A-3

PXCM-to-Generator Connection
PXCM Connector
Signal (X602) Pins Comments
GEN_+5V_CTRL DB25P-1 No connection.
PREP_DR_DET_ DB25P-2
GEN_RDY_FOR_DR_EXP_ DB25P-3
DR_DET_RDY_FOR_EXP_ DB25P-4
DR_SYST_RDY_ DB25P-5
DR_DET_ERR_ DB25P-6
GEN_POWERED_ON_ DB25P-7
X_RAY_ON_ DB25P-8
(spare) DB25P-9
RxD DB25P-10
TxD DB25P-11
GEN_+5V_232 DB25P-12 X-ray equipment supplies +5 Vdc

to power its side of the
optocouplers.
(spare) DB25P-13 No connection.
GND_CTRL DB25P-14 to 21
(spare) DB25P-22
GND_232 DB25P-23 to 25
A-4 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

B
Field Replaceable Units
Part No. Description
FFDM-S DirectRay Full Field Digital Mammography Detector
PXCM-S DirectRay Power and X-ray Control Module
DRIC-S DirectRay Interface Card (PCI)
February 5, 2004 B-1

B-2 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

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Full Field Digital Mammography

Direct Radiography Corp.

Authorized European Representative:

Intended Use.................................................................................................................... vii

What Is the DirectRay FFDM-S System?....................................................................... 1-1

Chapter 2: Theory of Operation

Normal Operations Sequence........................................................................................ 2-1

February 5, 2004 iii

Unpacking the DirectRay Hardware Components .......................................................... 3-2

Chapter 4: Calibrating the AEC

When AEC Calibration Should Be Performed................................................................. 4-1

Chapter 5: PXCM Web Tool

When PXCM Web Functions Should Be Used ............................................................... 5-1

iv February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

Chapter 6: Maintaining Image Quality

DirectRay Detector Calibration....................................................................................... 6-1

Chapter 7: Troubleshooting Guidelines

General Troubleshooting Guidelines .............................................................................. 7-1

Replacement Guidelines ................................................................................................ 8-1

Appendix B: Field Replaceable Units

vi February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

February 5, 2004 vii

Conventions Used in This Manual

viii February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

What Is the DirectRay FFDM-S System?

Detector PXCM Interface Card

Figure 1-1. DirectRay FFDM-S Hardware Oomponents

February 5, 2004 1-1

General Use Cautions and Warnings

United States Federal and State Regulations

1-2 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

Introduction February 5, 2004 1-3

1-4 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

WARNING A Protective Earth Ground connection to the FFDM-S Detector shall be

Introduction February 5, 2004 1-5

Danger! Hazardous Voltages are present within this equipment.

Attention! Consult this accompanying document for valuable information on

+35 C This thermometer symbol indicates the recommended operating

Special Cleaning Instructions:

Fragile - Handle with care.

Do not immerse the equipment in liquid.

This product contains no user serviceable parts. Assembly of this product is

Do not to operate this equipment in the presence of flammable anesthetics

This equipment has been determined to be Type B equipment providing a

1-6 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

Warnings and Cautions

CAUTION This unit includes a lithium battery. Do not attempt to disassemble or

Introduction February 5, 2004 1-7

1-8 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

Normal Operations Sequence

February 5, 2004 2-1

Patient, and Exam

Technologist Selects Technologist Yes

Figure 2-1. Normal Workflow of the X-ray System

2-2 February 5, 2004 FFDM-S Service Manual

Additional Information About AEC Mode

Theory of Operation February 5, 2004 2-3

Figure 2-2. Timing Diagram for PXCM/Generator Communications in Manual Mode