TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1
I. DEFINITION ...................................................................................................................... 1
II. TYPE OF PLASTERING ............................................................................................... 1
III. STEP TO REALISED PLASTERING ........................................................................... 2
IV. USES OF TOOLS AND MATERIALS USE ON PLASTERING ................................. 3
A. TOOLS: ....................................................................................................................... 3
B. MATERIALS: ............................................................................................................. 3
V. DIFFERENT PLASTERING RATIO OF CEMENT MORTAR ................................... 4
VI. DIFFERENTE DOSAGES OF PLASTERING .............................................................. 5
VII. MAINTENANCE OF PLASTERING ............................................................................ 5
VIII. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTERING .............................. 6
A. ADVANTAGES .......................................................................................................... 6
B. DISADVANTAGES ................................................................................................... 7
CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 9
ANNEXES
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION
Plastering is the practice of covering walls and ceilings with a thin layer of plaster or mortar
for the purpose of improving their aesthetic appearance and durability. Plastering has been an
integral part of building construction for centuries and has become an art form in its own
right. The process involves the application of a mixture of sand, cement, and lime to create a
smooth, even surface that can be painted or decorated as desired. Plaster can also be used to
create decorative finishes such as textured or patterned surfaces. Plastering requires a high
level of skill and precision to achieve the desired result, and it is typically carried out by
trained professionals in the construction industry.

I. DEFINITION
Sure, here are some definitions related to plastering:

 Plaster: a building material used for coating walls, ceilings, and other surfaces,
typically made of a mixture of lime, sand, and cement or other binding agents.
 Mortar: a mixture of sand, cement, and water used for joining bricks or other
masonry units together.
 Render: a type of plastering used for exterior walls, typically consisting of a mixture
of cement, sand, and water.
 Skim coating: a method of applying a thin layer of plaster or joint compound to a wall
or ceiling to smooth out imperfections or prepare the surface for painting or
wallpapering.
 Stucco: a type of plaster made from a mixture of sand, lime, and water, typically used
for exterior walls and decorative finishes.

II. TYPE OF PLASTERING

There are several types of plastering commonly used in construction and home improvement
projects. Here are some of the main types:

1. CEMENT PLASTER: This type of plaster is made from a mixture of cement, sand, and
water. It is commonly used for exterior walls, but can also be used on interior walls and
ceilings.

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2. GYPSUM PLASTER: Gypsum plaster, also known as plaster of Paris, is made from
gypsum powder mixed with water and other additives. It is commonly used for interior walls
and ceilings.

3. LIME PLASTER: Lime plaster is made from a mixture of lime, sand, and water. It is a
traditional type of plaster that has been used for centuries. It is commonly used for interior
walls and ceilings, as well as on historic buildings.

4. CLAY PLASTER: Clay plaster is made from a mixture of clay, sand, and straw or other
natural fibers. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly option that can help regulate indoor
humidity. It is typically used for interior walls.

5. MULTIFINISH PLASTER: Multifinish plaster is a type of skim coat plaster that can
create a smooth and even surface on walls and ceilings. It can be used with different finishes,
including paint, wallpaper, or texturing.

III. STEP TO REALISED PLASTERING

Sure, here are step-by-step instructions to plaster a wall:

1. SURFACE PREPARATION: Remove any old plaster, wallpaper, or debris from the wall,
and ensure the surface is clean and dry. Repair any damaged areas.

2. PRIME THE SURFACE: Apply a coat of primer to the wall before plastering. This will
help the plaster bond to the wall and prevent it from cracking.

3. APPLY SCRATCH COAT: Mix the plaster according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Apply a coat of plaster to the wall using a plastering trowel, leaving a rough surface.

4. KEY IN THE SCRATCH COAT: Use a scarifier or rake to scratch the surface of the
scratch coat while it is still wet. This will create a key and help the next coat bond.

5. APPLY SECOND COAT: Apply a second coat of plaster to the wall using a plastering
trowel. Smooth out the surface and let it dry.

6. KEY IN THE SECOND COAT: Scratch the surface of the second coat with a scarifier or
rake while it is still wet.

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7. APPLY FINISHING COAT: Apply a final coat of plaster to the wall using a plastering
trowel. Smooth and level the surface and let it dry.

8. SAND AND FINISH: Once the plaster is dry, use sandpaper or a sanding block to smooth
out any rough spots and create a smooth, even finish.

9. CLEAN UP: Clean up any plaster dust or debris and dispose of it properly.

10. DECORATE: You can now paint or wallpaper the plastered wall according to your
desired finish.

IV. USES OF TOOLS AND MATERIALS USE ON

PLASTERING
Here are the uses of some of the tools and materials used in plastering:

A. TOOLS:
1. Plastering trowel - used for applying and spreading plaster over a surface.

2. Bucket and mixing drill or paddle - used for mixing the plaster to the correct consistency.

3. Jointing tool - used for smoothing plaster into corners and joints.

4. Plasterer's float - used for smoothing and leveling the surface of the plaster.

5. Scarifier or rake - used for roughening an existing surface before plastering.

6. Sandpaper or sanding block - used for smoothing the dried plaster surface before painting
or wallpapering.

7. Spray bottle - used to keep the plaster moist during application.

8. Plastering hawk - used for holding a small amount of plaster during application.

9. Spirit level - used to check that the finished plaster surface is level.

10. Plumb line - used for measuring and ensuring vertical accuracy during application.

B. MATERIALS:
1. Plaster powder - the main ingredient used in creating the plaster mix.

2. Water - used for mixing with the plaster powder to create the plaster mix.

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3. Primer - used to prepare the surface for plaster application.

4. Bonding agent - used for better adhesion to the surface and bonding of the plaster.

5. Fiberglass mesh tape - used for reinforcing joints and corners.

6. Sand - added to the plaster mix to increase durability and reduce shrinkage.

7. Lime - added to the plaster mix for improved workability and durability.

8. Cement - used to create base coats or as an additive to plaster for extra strength.

9. Paint or wallpaper - applied to the dried plaster surface after it has been sanded and
cleaned.

10. Masking tape - used to protect surrounding areas from plaster drips and accidental
smears.

Note: The specific use of the tools and materials depends on the type of plastering project and
the techniques used by the plasterer.

V. DIFFERENT PLASTERING RATIO OF CEMENT

MORTAR
The ratio of cement mortar used for plastering varies depending on the type of surface and the
desired finish. The most common ratios are:

1. 1:3 ratio (cement:sand): This ratio is typically used for interior plastering on smooth
surfaces such as concrete, gypsum boards, and AAC blocks.

2. 1:4 ratio: This ratio is commonly used for exterior plastering on rough surfaces such as
brick or stone masonry.

3. 1:6 ratio: This ratio is used for a very smooth and fine finish on interior walls or ceilings.

4. 1:8 ratio: This ratio is used for a very thin plaster coat on walls or ceilings that are in good
condition and only need to be levelled or patched.

It's important to note that the amount of water required will depend on the humidity of the
area and the time of year. In general, the mix should be smooth and free from lumps, and it

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 should be used within 2-3 hours of preparation. Proper curing is also important for ensuring a
strong and durable plaster surface.

VI. DIFFERENTE DOSAGES OF PLASTERING

Plastering is typically measured and applied in thickness, rather than dosage. However, the
amount of plastering material required will depend on the surface area that needs to be
covered. The most common thicknesses used for plastering are:

1. 12mm thickness: This is the standard thickness used for interior walls that will receive
wallpaper or paint.

2. 20-25mm thickness: This thickness is used for exterior walls or walls that require extra
strength or insulation.

3. 50mm thickness: This thickness is used for soundproofing or for creating ornamental
designs.

It's important to note that the amount of plastering required will vary depending on the
condition and texture of the underlying surface. In some cases, additional coats of plaster or a
base coat may be required. It's always best to consult with a professional plasterer to
determine the best approach for your specific project.

VII. MAINTENANCE OF PLASTERING

Regular maintenance of plastering will help to ensure that it remains in good condition and
lasts for many years. Here are some tips for maintaining plastering:

1. INSPECT REGULARLY: Check the plastering for any signs of damage or wear. Look
for cracks, holes, or areas where the plaster is separating from the surface. Address any issues
immediately.

2. KEEP IT CLEAN: Dust and dirt can accumulate on plastered surfaces over time. Regular
cleaning with a soft brush or vacuum cleaner will help to prevent them from becoming
embedded in the plaster.

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 3. AVOID MOISTURE: Plaster can be damaged by moisture, so it's important to ensure that
there are no leaks or sources of dampness nearby. Use a dehumidifier if necessary to keep the
room dry.

4. AVOID IMPACT: Plaster can be easily damaged by impact, so it's important to avoid
knocking it with furniture or other objects. Take care when moving items around the room.

5. REPAIR DAMAGE PROMPTLY: Any damage to the plaster should be repaired as soon
as possible. Small cracks can be filled with filler, while larger areas may need to be removed
and replaced. Only ever use materials and techniques recommended by a professional.

6. USE PROPER CLEANING METHODS: Avoid using abrasive cleaners or sharp tools
on plastered surfaces, as these could cause damage. Instead, use a mild detergent and warm
water, and a soft cloth or sponge.

7. CONSIDER PAINTING OR WALLPAPERING: Painting or wallpapering over

plastered surfaces can be a good way to protect them and keep them looking fresh. Always
follow the manufacturer's instructions when doing this.

Remember that proper installation and regular maintenance are key to ensuring that plastered
surfaces remain in good condition. If you're in any doubt about how to care for your
plastering, seek advice from a professional plasterer.

VIII. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF

PLASTERING
A. ADVANTAGES
Plastering is an essential process in the building and construction industry. Here are some
important benefits and advantages of plastering:

1. Aesthetic appeal: Plastering gives a smooth and polished finish to the walls, which
enhances the overall appearance of the building. It also provides a perfect canvas to paint or
wallpaper.

2. Protection: Plastering enhances the durability and service life of the walls. It protects the
walls from moisture, weather elements, and other environmental factors. Properly plastered
walls also prevent damage from pests like termites and rodents.

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3. Increased property value: Properties with well-plastered walls have a higher resale value
compared to those without. It adds to the aesthetic appeal of the building and improves its
perceived value in the market.

4. Better insulation: Plastering reduces the heat loss from the walls and improves the
insulation of the building. It also creates an acoustic barrier, reducing the amount of noise that
enters or leaves the room.

5. Customization: Plastering comes in various textures and finishes that are customizable to
the client's preference. So, it provides the opportunity to design the walls according to one's
taste and personality.

6. Cost-effective: Plastering is a cost-effective method in comparison to other wall finishes

like tiles or wood. It is readily available, easily applied, and requires low maintenance.

7. Easy to maintain: Plastering requires minimal maintenance. It only needs a coat of paint
or wallpaper to keep it fresh and new for years. It's also resistant to wear and tear, which
means fewer repairs.

In summary, plastering not only offers aesthetic appeal to the building but also provides
protection, insulation, customization, and affordability. These benefits are essential to
maintaining the building's quality and lifespan, making plastering an essential aspect of the
building and construction industry

B. DISADVANTAGES
While plastering offers many advantages, there are also some disadvantages that should be
considered. Here are a few potential drawbacks of plastering:

1. Time-consuming: Plastering is a time-consuming process that requires patience and skill.

Applying several coats of plaster, allowing each coat to dry before the next one can be
applied, can take several days or even weeks.

2. Messy work: Plastering can be a messy process, with plaster dust and debris landing on
floors and furniture. This can require additional cleaning and preparation before and after the
plastering project.

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3. Difficulty repairing: Repairs to plastered walls can be challenging, requiring skilled
tradespeople to blend and match the new plaster to the existing finish for a seamless result.
This can be time-consuming and costly.

4. Vulnerable to cracking: Plastered walls are vulnerable to cracking over time, especially if
the building is old and has settled. With changes in temperature and humidity, the plaster can
expand or contract, causing small or large cracks in the plaster.

5. Limited design options: Although plastering can produce a range of finishes, the design
options are more limited than other materials like tiles or wallpaper, which provide more
flexibility in customizing walls.

6. Cost: While plastering is generally considered cost-effective, it can be more expensive than
other finishes depending on the size of the project and the required level of skill.

In summary, plastering can be a time-consuming and messy process, vulnerable to cracking,

limited in design options, and require specialized skills to repair. Despite these drawbacks,
plastering remains a popular choice for many building and construction projects due to its
durability, insulation, and aesthetic appeal.

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, plastering is a popular choice for both residential and commercial construction
projects due to its many advantages. Plaster is durable, provides insulation, and is
aesthetically pleasing. It can be applied to a variety of surfaces, including walls, ceilings, and
columns. However, it's important to consider the potential drawbacks of plastering, such as
the amount of time it takes to apply, the mess it can create, the difficulty of repairs, the
vulnerability to cracking, limited design options, and cost. Despite these disadvantages,
plastering remains a popular and viable option for those looking to enhance the look and feel
of their indoor spaces.

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ANNEXES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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