ANALYZING THE INFLUENCE OF CLASSROOM CONDITION

ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS

An Quantitative Research

presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

Juan G. Macaraeg National High School

Canarvacanan, Binalonan, Pangasinan

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Gunsay, Rusty L.
Jugal, Rojan Marl C.
Manzano, Axel Drake B.

Grade 12- STEM C

April M. Sia, MAEd

Research Teacher

November 30, 2023

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2
 DEDICATION

This research paper is sincerely dedicated to the parents of the researchers, who

not only contributed moral, spiritual, and financial support but also the necessary

resources to complete this study, are deeply acknowledged in this research report for

their unfailing support and inspiration. The lecturers who shared their expertise and

helped the researchers along the way are also acknowledged for their commitment by

the researchers. This research paper aims to provide insights into the impact of

insufficient school facilities on senior high school students' academic performance and

inform policies for a more conducive learning environment. Finally, the researchers

express their thankfulness to the All-Powerful God who has faith in their talents and has

given them the fortitude, wisdom, safety, and will to see this study project through to the

end.

The Researchers

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE.......................................................................................................................i

DEDICATION.....................................................................................................................ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................iii

TABLE OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................iv

.......................................................................................................v
ACKNOWLEGEMENT

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study ..................................................................................1

Statement of the problem.................................................................................3

Research Hypothesis.......................................................................................4

Significance of the study..................................................................................5

Scope and Delimitation....................................................................................6

Definition of terms............................................................................................6

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature..........................................................................................10

Related Studies..............................................................................................10

Synthesis.......................................................................................................12

Conceptual Framework..................................................................................13

3 METHODOLOGY

Research Design...........................................................................................16

Population......................................................................................................17

Respondents.................................................................................................17

Research Instrument.....................................................................................17

Sampling Method...........................................................................................18
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2
 Data Gathering Procedure............................................................................18

Intervention...................................................................................................19

Ethical Considerations...................................................................................20

Statistical Treatment of Data..........................................................................21

REFERENCE

CURRICULUM VITAE

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2
TABLE OF FIGURES

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to the individuals listed below, whose

unwavering support and invaluable assistance were instrumental in ensuring the

success and effectiveness of this study. It is with deep appreciation that we

acknowledge their contributions, as this research endeavor would have remained

unattainable without the dedicated aid and genuine care of numerous individuals.

I would like to express my deep gratitude to my Practical Research Adviser,

Ma’am April M. Sia who very cooperative and continued to help and support us

throughout this research. We could not have made it without your persistent follow up

and without your word advice to teach us for making this research study.

Principal of Juan G. Macaraeg National High School, Ma’am Richealyn C.

Tadeo, for the unending moral support and encouragement in the completion of our

study.

The respondents of this study, we express our genuine gratitude who actively

cooperates and gives time of effort in terms of providing the researchers all the

necessary information we need to gather.

The fellow researchers that they are endlessly supporting us, helping us, and

motivating us to make this research successfully.

We would like to extend our appreciation to Researches Parent , no words can

express our gratitude for your support, and offering to help us when undertaking to

accomplished this research study.

Lastly, we would like to thank our Almighty God for the blessing through giving

me power to face all those challenges to complete this thesis.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

School is where student learn, hone their abilities, and shape their attitude

towards learning. For a good education, a good classroom condition is also needed in

the development of learning. The learning environment becomes a critical factor in

influencing the academic performance of the students, sufficient and well management

of classrooms will contribute to the improvement of teaching and also to the performance

and engagement of the students. The teaching and learning method will be supported by

having well fulfilled classrooms with adequate facilities (Hidayati & Siswanto, 2020). The

environment in the classroom has a big influence on how kids develop mentally and

emotionally, which in turn affects how well they do academically.

A well-managed and adequate school classrooms supports the development of

education , classroom management is one of the most essential parts of teaching and

learning (Saleem et al., 2021), thus it is essential and significant tool for teaching and

learning to enhance students’ efficiency and academic performance. Some school face

issues such as overcrowded classrooms and inadequate facilities such as chairs and

desk, It becomes difficult to serve a significant amount of students without a sufficient

amount of classroom facilities. This issue will affect the engagement of the students and

mostly will affect the academic performance of the students.

The researchers observed that Juan G. Macaraeg National High school faces

significant challenges related to the classroom conditions and their influence on the

academic performance of the senior high students. With an increasing student

population and limited resources, many students struggle to engage in discussions and

school activities because of the uncomfortable learning environment, which might affect

the well-being and academic performance of the learners. The aim of this study is to
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

understand the specific issues and the influence of the classroom conditions in

academic performance of the senior high school students, conducting this study will

provide insights and possible solution or course of actions.

The Students' performance is also affected grossly by the spatial attributes and

ambient attributes of the classroom which are influenced by the design, management,

and, after that, maintenance of the same (Zheng, Burcin, & Laura, December 2013).

Also in the study conducted by Qaiser and Ishtiaq (2014) assert that what plays a

significant role in any activity and makes it more conducive, achievable, and successful

is the physical environment. Many factors constitute the classroom environment:

acoustic factor, visual factor, lighting factor, spatial factor, ventilation system, and

facilities and teaching aids. Furthermore, learning environment is often referred to as a

classroom climate because ambience, mood, atmosphere, ecology and scene are

considered when studying the learning environment.

This study analyzes the how the influence of classroom condition affects the

senior high school students' academic performance. For senior high school students, the

educational system has difficulties in providing adequate classroom facilities and a good

indoor environment qualities (IEQ) of classrooms. These shortcomings have a negative

impact of academic achievement and the learning process of the students. Establishing

an atmosphere that is favorable to learning of the students requires an understanding

the relationship between classroom condition and academic performance. The

researchers believes that the classroom condition plays a crucial role in a student's

overall academic performance particularly to the senior high school students.

Conducting this study will contribute to the educational institutions' development and

also to the senior high school students as this study will provide data and insight for the

development of school facilities, enhancing the learning environment and sufficient

school facilities of the senior high students will promote a better focus, active
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

participation, and academic performance and will also enable the students to have

access to different resources, enhancing their knowledge, enabling the students to excel

in their studies. By conducting the correlation between the school facilities and the

academic performance of the senior high students, this study may pave the way for a

effective education and the students will develop into being motivated, engaging, and

have a more effective learning experience.

Statement of the Problem

The academic performance of senior high school (SHS) students is a critical

concern for educators, parents, and society as a whole. Numerous factors contribute to

student achievement, including individual characteristics, teacher quality, and

instructional methods. However, one often overlooked factor is the influence of

classroom conditions on student learning.

Classroom conditions encompass a wide range of physical and psycho social

factors that can impact student engagement, comfort, and overall well-being. These

conditions include aspects such as classroom layout, lighting, temperature, noise levels,

classroom climate, and teacher-student relationships. While the effects of individual

factors on academic performance have been extensively studied, the combined

influence of classroom conditions remains relatively unexplored. Understanding the

impact of classroom conditions on SHS students' academic performance is essential for

enhancing educational outcomes. By identifying the specific conditions that promote or

hinder learning, educators can make informed decisions about classroom design,

management, and teaching practices. Furthermore, understanding the interplay between

classroom conditions and other factors, such as individual characteristics and

instructional methods, can provide valuable insights for developing comprehensive and

effective interventions to improve student achievement.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

1. Is there a significant relationship between classroom conditions and the academic

performance of senior high school students in terms of :

a. Thermal comfort

b. Classroom condition

c. C Grade level

d. Strand

2. What are the effects of thermal condition and classroom facility condition on senior

high students' academic performance?

3. What are the overall effect of classroom condition on the performance of senior high

school students?

Research Hypothesis

This study will test the following hypothesis at 0.05 alpha level:

Ho: There is no significant difference between classroom conditions and the academic

performance of senior high students

Ha: There is a significant difference between the classroom conditions and the academic

performance of senior high students

Significance of the Study

This study aims to identify the influence of insufficient school facilities on senior

high students' academic performance. This study will focus on creating significant data

and providing insight that will benefits for the following groups of people:
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

The results of this study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. This study will help students' to become more aware of the influence of

insufficient classroom conditions that can have a significant impact on the students'

physical well-being and academic performance. Furthermore, it is crucial as it affects the

students' ability to concentrate, actively participate and it can potentially lead to a long

term academic and health problem. A comfortable environment is essential for effective

learning and creating an optimal learning environment can significantly enhance

students' ability to learn effectively and productively.

Teachers. Teachers play a crucial role in addressing the needs of their students.

insufficient classroom conditions that can impact the teachers' ability to conduct lessons.

Moreover, it allows the teachers' to create a more effective way of teaching and a

comfortable environment. On the other hand, when students have proper classroom

facilities, teachers can focus on teaching without having a concern about the physical

discomfort of the students.

Parents. This study can serve as a guide to students' parents to be aware and have a

better understanding of the influence of insufficient classroom conditions. This research

aims to ease parents' concerns about their children's education by emphasizing the

importance of having adequate classroom conditions. Ensuring that schools are well-

equipped contributes to a more robust educational system, providing parents with peace

of mind regarding their child’s learning.

Future researchers. The result of this study will offer significant and supplementary

information. This study will help researchers to use the findings of research as a

foundation for further exploration on researchers conducting similar studies. It will serve

as a basis for other researchers who aim to further explore this study.

Scope and Delimitation

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

The main focus of the study was to assess on the influence of classroom

conditions on the academic performance of Senior High School (SHS) students in Juan

G. Macaraeg National High School. The study will investigate various aspects of the

classroom environment, including thermal condition, classroom condition, and indoor

environmental quality, that affect student learning outcomes.This research will focus on

SHS students in Juan G. Macaraeg National High School. The study will not consider

students in private schools or students with special needs. Additionally, the study will not

examine the influence of individual student characteristics such as socioeconomic

status, prior academic achievement, or personality traits on academic performance.The

study will also not investigate the impact of factors beyond the classroom environment,

such as family background, home environment, or extracurricular activities, on student

learning outcomes. The study will not consider the effects of national or regional

educational policies on student academic performance.

Definition of terms

To provide a better understanding of key terms used in the study, below are the

highlighted terms and key terms and their definition.

Classroom Facilities. Classroom facilities refers to the equipment within the school.

These facilities include chairs, desk, cabinets, shelves, black board, and other essential

conducive learning environment.

Indoor environment quality. Refers to the condition inside of a building's overall

environment. It includes various factors, including the quality of air, acoustic condition,

thermal comfort, and access to daylight and views.

Thermal Condition. Refers to the overall state of the classroom environment

concerning temperature, heat transfer, ventilation, and airflow.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

Indoor Environment Quality. Refers to the condition inside of a building's overall

environment. It includes various factors, including the quality of air, acoustic condition,

thermal comfort, and access to daylight and views.

Learning Environment. Refers to the physical, social, and emotional context in which

senior high students engage in educational activities within their school premises.

Student Engagement. The level of interest and involvement that students have in their

learning. It is a complex concept that can be defined in many ways, but it generally

refers to the degree to which students are motivated to learn, participate in class

activities, and persist in their academic endeavors.

Academic Performance. Academic performance is the demonstration of knowledge

and skills by a student. It also refers to the level at which a student, teacher, or institution

has achieved their short or long-term educational goals.

School Institution. Refers to a establishment that provides learning opportunities for

student to gain education It may vary in levels, elementary, secondary, and higher

education institutions such as college and universities.

REFERENCES

Siswanto, E., & Hidayati, D. (2020). MANAGEMENT INDICATORS OF GOOD

INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES TO IMPROVE SCHOOL QUALITY. International

Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 1(1), 69.

https://doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v1i1.1516
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

Saleem, A., Muhammad, Y., & Qureshi, N. (2023). Managing Public Elementary School

classrooms in Lahore: Physical Facilities related challenges for Novice. . .

ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).34

Nedelikovic, V., Trettin, R., & Clauß, S. (2021). Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in

Production of Green Cement-Based Concrete Composites: A Review.

ResearchGate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349656921_Use_of_Recycled_

Concrete_Aggregates_in_Production_of_Green_Cement-

Based_Concrete_Composites_A_Review

Performance of mussel shell as aggregate in plain concrete | Request PDF. (n.d.).

ResearchGate. Retrieved October 25, 2023, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309183082_Performance_of_mussel_shell_as

_aggregate_in_plain_concrete

Razali, N. (2018, August 21). (PDF) Revalorization of aquaculture waste: The performance of

calcined mussel shells as partial cement replacement. ResearchGate. Retrieved

October 25, 2023, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323834734_Revalorization_of_aquaculture_wa

ste_The_performance_of_calcined_mussel_shells_as_partial_cement_replacement

Reuse of Sanitary Ceramic Wastes as Coarse Aggregate in eco-Efficient Concretes | Request

PDF. (n.d.). ResearchGate. Retrieved October 25, 2023, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257407057_Reuse_of_Sanitary_Ceramic_Was

tes_as_Coarse_Aggregate_in_eco-Efficient_Concretes

Sikra, S. (n.d.). How Does Construction Impact the Environment? GoContractor. Retrieved

October 25, 2023, from https://gocontractor.com/blog/how-does-construction-impact-the-

environment/
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

Chapter ll

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

This chapter will present a review of some related literature and studies

conducted by previous researchers.

RELATED LITERATURE

The environment in the classroom is a key motivator that makes the process of

teaching and learning fulfilling ( Aquino, 2019). Classroom environment and the

adequacy of classroom facilities plays a crucial role in shaping students academic

performance, the accessibility to basic educational facilities (such as desks, seats, and

classrooms) and facilities (such as Blackboards, libraries, and electricity) are commonly

linked to improved academic performance among students (Hanushek et al., 2017).

A research by Sunday (2013) revealed that there is a significant relationship

between physical school environment and student's academic performance in senior

secondary school physics. To him, the physical school environment has some influences

on student's academic achievement in senior secondary school physics. The physical

facilities, human resources, and the relationship among them determine the physical

environment of the school.

RELATED STUDIES

According to Makun (2019), high indoor temperatures in schools can negatively

impact the thermal comfort, health, and performance of students and teachers, even in

tropical climates. Additionally, the study's findings, which were conducted in a natural

tropical climate setting, strengthen previous research linking indoor air temperature and

performance, which was primarily conducted in temperate climates and climatic

chambers. Finally, the study's field surveys with teachers found that indoor air
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

temperature is the most problematic environmental factor affecting the work of students

and teachers in schools, compared to noise and day lighting. Moreover, in the In the

study conducted by Tahsildoost & Zomorodian (2018), thermal comfort is the most

crucial environmental parameter, followed by visual comfort and illuminance efficiency,

with a strong positive linear relationship to overall comfort in a classroom.

According to Toyinbo (2023), inadequate IEQ can hinder learning, reduce focus,

and pose long-term health risks for students. This review highlights the importance of

maintaining good IEQ in schools to create an optimal learning environment, promote

student well-being, and positively impact their long-term health outcomes. Furthermore,

Bauer et al. (2014), stated that IEQ, or indoor environmental quality, can have a

significant impact on people's comfort, performance, and satisfaction with their

surroundings. While it can contribute to both positive and negative outcomes, IEQ is

ultimately an important factor in achieving sustainable building goals.

Adesua & Akomolafe (2015) in this study discusses the influence of the

classroom setting as a motivational element in enhancing the academic achievements of

high school students. Furthermore, the study suggests that the secondary education

level should not overly prioritize the classroom environment. The findings of the research

confirm that the classroom setting indeed plays a substantial role in shaping the

performance of students in secondary schools. The study revealed a significant

relationship between the classroom environment and the academic success of students

in senior secondary schools.

Conceptual Framework
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

This study revolves around two variables. One is the classroom conditions, which

has two aspects, first is the thermal comfort, second is the classroom facilities. Next is

the academic performance which also has two aspects which is academic engagement

and grades.

Input Process Output

Profile of SHS Student A. Questionnaire The researcher could

according to B. Survey measure academic

A.Age C. Data Gathering performance of the SHS

B.Grade Level D. Statistical Treatment of Students

C.Strand Data Influence of Classroom

D.Classroom conditions : Conditions

i.Level of current Assessed level of satisfaction

classroom temperature of SHS students in the IEQ of

ii.Condition of ventilation classroom environment.

Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

In the presented figure, the correlation between demographic variables and the

classroom environment of Senior High School students is depicted within the established

conceptual framework. Delving into the demographic profile during the input phase,

pivotal factors encompass age, gender, chosen strand, classroom condition,

classification of classroom temperature, and the link between classroom ventilation.The

goal of this thorough analysis is to show how these factors interact and affect senior high

school students' educational experiences. Cluster probability sampling was used

as the sample method for this study. Surveys and questionnaires are distributed as part

of the data collection process, which also includes careful data collection and in-depth
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

analysis. The main goals of the study output are to evaluate the impact of classroom

settings and to measure senior high school students' academic achievement. The survey

also attempts to determine how satisfied Senior High School students are with the

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in the classroom.

Synthesis

On our research findings, the dynamics of a classroom environment play a big

role in shaping the academic performance Senior High School (SHS) students. This

study delves into the multifaceted aspects of classroom conditions and their impact on

academic performance. With the educational landscape evolving rapidly, understanding

how factors such as thermal condition, indoor environmental quality, and the classroom

condition of the students. The literature addresses the different factors of classroom

condition that affects the students academic performance. By examining these variables,

we aim to provide insights that educators, policymakers, and stakeholders can use to

enhance the learning environment for SHS students, fostering a more conducive setting

for academic success. The findings of this study not only contribute to the academic

discourse but also provide actionable insights for educators and policymakers to create

environments that empower SHS students to reach their full academic potential.

References
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

Akomolafe, C., & Adesua, V. (2015). The Classroom Environment: A Major Motivating

Factor towards High Academic Performance of Senior Secondary School

Students in South West Nigeria. https://eric.ed.gov/?

id=EJ1086098&fbclid=IwAR2BqF8TAeRoRwa6LOLuMHTlvTYFUwUJValEKXV1un3Po1

-n913iF6IvMmc

Aquino, I. (2019, March). THE CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON

THE STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE COLLEGE OF

TEACHER EDUCATION. International Journal of Advanced Research in

Management and Social Sciences. https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Mar2019/G-

2628.pdf

Bauer, T., Brigham, J., Choi, S. M., Guerin, D., & Kim, H.-Y. (2014). Indoor

Environmental Quality of Classrooms and Student Outcomes: A path analysis

approach. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1152654.pdf

Glewwe, P., Hanushek, E., Humpage, S., & Ravina, R. (2017). School Resources and

Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries.

https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/804661468567528878/pdf/106951-

REVISED-PH-PETS-QSDS-Note-4.pdf

Makun, C. Y. (2019). A study into the effect of indoor air temperature on the thermal

comfort, health and performance of users in selected naturally ventilated school

in nigeria. http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/4813

Malik, R. H., & Rizvi, A. A. (2018, august). Effect of Classroom Learning Environment

on Students' Academic Achievement in Mathematics at Secondary Level.

Bulletin of Education and Research.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1209817.pdf?

fbclid=IwAR24vD7OB7cmByJQeu8eaSOGvb6QQ6YjXdYH_W8Zop6pGpAAQUsxjMlrDr

Q
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

Tahsildoost, M., & Zomorodian, Z. S. (2018, April). Indoor environment quality

assessment in classrooms: An integrated approach.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324579260_Indoor_environment_quality_asse

ssment_in_classrooms_An_integrated_approach

Toyinbo, O. (2023, August 27). Indoor Environmental Quality, Pupils’ Health, and

Academic Performance—A Literature Review.

https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092172
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, population, respondents, research

instruments, sampling method, data gathering procedure, ethical consideration, and

statistical intruments

Research Design

The researcher will engage a non experimental quantitative research design,

specifically the correlation research design to assess the variables of classroom

conditions and the academic performance in senior high school students. The proposed

study’s research methodology is quantitative with a non-experimental design. This

design does not use random sampling or manipulation of variables (Warner,

2014).Nonexperimental research is research that lacks the manipulation of an

independent variable, random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of

conditions, or both with a non-experimental study design, scientists can observe natural

processes without making any kind of intervention.The researchers will utilize a non -

experimental research design will enable the researchers to understand the first and

second research questions. This means that the study will focus on observing the

demographics, and the effect of thermal condition and the classroom facility condition of

the students rather than intentionally manipulating the variables. Meanwhile, According

to Curtis, Comiskey, and Dempsey (2016), correlational research is helpful when

attempting to determine the correlations between two or more uncorrelated variables

found in same demographic or between the same variables in two distinct

populations.Correlational will enable the researchers to understand the research

question. This means that the study will focus on collecting, analyzing, and summarizing
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

the relationship of the two variables in the study, specifically the classroom condition and

academic performance of Senior High School Students.

Population

The chosen locale of the study is Juan G. Macaraeg National . The focus of the

study is on Senior High School of the school year 2023-2024.In general,the total

population of Senior High Schools is 1,357.As Juan G. Macaraeg National High School

has a large population of students .The researchers will choose participants based on

the collection of data that can yield precise and comprehensive conclusions.

Respondents

In the selection of the respondents for the research study participants will

specifically and carefully choose from different Senior High School strands from Grade

11 and 12 of Juan G. Macaraeg National High School as their respondents.The Slovin's

formula is used to determine the sample size in a population when conducting a

survey.The researchers concluded that a sample of 308 people should be selected from

the population by using the Slovin's formula. The selection process that the researcher

will be conducted by acluster sampling.Primarily,the researchers will divide the

population into clusters, and a random sample of clusters is selected. Then, all

individuals within the chosen clusters are included in the sample.

Research Instrument

In acquiring the needed data for the study, research instruments will be use is a

survey questionnaire . On the other hand, the questionnaire is more on assessing the

opinion and experience of the students. This tool aims to gather valuable insights into
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

various aspects of the learning environment of the students, including classroom facility

and thermal condition, aiming for both statistical analysis and qualitative

responses.Based on the research questions, the questionnaire is divided into three

sections. The participants' demographic information is questioned in the first section of

the questionnaire. Meanwhile ,second part of the questionnaire contains questions

regarding the thermal condition in the classroom of the respondents and classroom

facility conditions.Lastly, the overall effect of the classroom condition on the Senior High

School students .Moreover, to secure valid and accurate results, the researchers

prepared questions that requires specific answers. The researcher will use a structured

survey questionnaire adapted to the study's variables will be used, with a 4-point Likert

scale from 1-4 ; 1 for never, 2 for often,3 for rarely , and 4 for always .The

questionnaire will be distributed and collected from the respondents personally after

careful examination and verification for potential errors.

Sampling Technique

The researcher will use cluster probability sampling to investigate the influence of

classroom conditions on the academic performance of senior high school students.In

cluster sampling, researchers divide a population into smaller groups known as clusters.

They then randomly select among these clusters to form a sample. It helps the

researcher to select classrooms within a given school or schools within a particular

district that can be considered clusters. This approach is efficient and cost-effective, as it

allows for a representative sample to be drawn without the need to individually select

every participant. This guarantees that the results hold true for different target population

demographics.

Data Gathering Procedure

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

A self-administered approach method will be conducted for the respondents to

maintain anonymity and privacy, leading to a more unbiased response. Allows

researchers to collect data from a large number of participants. Additionally, it enables

the researcher to gather data within the same day, enhancing the overall efficiency of

the data collection process. A survey questionnaire will be used to collect data. The

researchers will develop a survey questionnaire, the questionnaire consists of two

sections. The first section contains the demographic information of the students, while

the second part will focus about the temperature of the classrooms and ventilation

adequacy. A 4-point Likert scale will be used, the response opinion will range from (1)

never to (4) always to express their options.

The questionnaire and consent form will be validated by the professionals.

Before administering the questionnaire. The researcher will thoroughly validate the

questionnaire and the consent form before distributing them. Participants will receive a

consent form, and upon completion, they will be given a printed copy of the

questionnaire. Retrieval of completed questionnaires will take place on the same day.

After completing the survey, the researchers will go through a thorough checking

for any missed questions in the questionnaire, ensuring the completeness of the data

gathered.

Intervention

The target population for this intervention is the Senior High School students at

Juan G Macaraeg National High School. In this intervention the researcher plans to

accumulate 2700 pesos for the flyers, tarpaulin, and piggy banks. These resources will
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

be essential for effectively promoting the fundraising program and facilitating the

collection of funds within the school. In response to the existing challenges faced by

Senior High School students struggling with classroom conditions, the researchers will

implement a fundraising program within the senior highschool students. The researchers

will give flyers to the students to share basic information about the campaign .Moreover,

a flyers that contain about the classroom conditions. The researchers will conduct an

effective campaign for Grade 11 and Grade 12 students in Juan G. Macaraeg National

High School of the school year 2023 - 2024. Being at the helm of educating the students,

the researchers will collaborate to the school oeganization to conduct the campaign by

giving a room - to - room discussion in the classrooms of grade 11 and grade 12 to

educate students on classroom conditions affecting academic performance and potential

solutions.The researchers' discussion will assist students understand the classroom

facilities and how they affect their academic achievement. Furthermore, the discussion

will inform students on how amenities might influence their academic achievement.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers will provide informed consent and a right to withdraw. The

researchers will make sure that participation should be voluntary and let the participants

have the right to withdraw. The researchers can start conducting the study only when it

is consented by the participants and the permissions of the guardians of the participants

are received. The researchers will ensure the confidentiality of the private data of the

participants, prioritizing the well-being of the students who will participate in the study.

The researchers will ensure to prevent any potential harm to participants by being

cautious in design and execution and taking preventive measures to ensure participant’s

safety.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

The study will mostly rely on the given information of the participants in gathering

data so reliability is the priority in conducting this study. The researchers will ensure to

be fair and unbiased in interpreting the findings to ensure the credibility of the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

In this research, a combination of descriptive and inferential statistical methods

will be utilized. The collected data will be analyzed utilizing various techniques to meet

the specific needs of each research question

In the first part of the research question, the respondents' demographic profile,

including age, gender and grade level will be statistically analyzed.There are continuous

and categorical variables in the demographic profile. For continuous data, we will display

means along with their corresponding standard deviations (Means ± SD) and conduct

comparisons using t-tests or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). for categorical

variables, we will utilize frequency counts and percentage distributions.

Slovin’s formula

The utilization of likert scale furthers the gathering of quantitative data and

provides us a quantitative value that will evaluate senior high students’ level of

satisfaction with the classroom environment. Slovin's formula is commonly used in

research to determine the appropriate sample size for a given population. Based on the

size of the overall population, it helps researchers in determining the right number of

participants to include in their study.

Students can more readily and consistently express their opinions on a range of

assessment topics with the help of the standardized response possibilities provided by
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

Likert scales. This standardization helps in the gathering of data, which helps to provide

an improved.

N
n= 2
1+ N e

Legend:

n=¿sample size

N=¿population size

e=¿ margin of error

4 – point likert scale

In this study, the second part of research questions will be answered by

participants in the study, and the findings of the study will be derived from those

responses. The respondents' answers will be quantitatively measured in this study using

a four-point Likert scale, which is numerically coded on a scale of 1-4, ranging from

"never" to "always".

Scale Range of scale Equivalent response

4 3.26 - 4.00 Never

3 2.51 - 3.25 Rarely

2 1.76 - 2.50 Often

1 1.00 - 1.75 Always

Frequency-percentage distribution

The researchers will use frequency-percentage distribution to determine the

demographic profile of the respondents.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

F
P= n × 100

legend:

p=¿ percentqage

F=¿frequency

n=¿sum of all the respondents

Pearson product-moment correlation

In this study, the researcher will use Pearson product-moment correlation

coefficient to test for the significant influence in between academic performance and

classroom conditions satisfactory levels of the students.

n ( Σ xy )−( Σx)( Σy)

r=
√¿ ¿ ¿

Legend:

n=¿ number of values

x=¿ values of academic performance

y=¿ values of satisfaction in classroom environment

Σ xy =¿ summation of the product between two variables

Σ x =¿ summation of the academic performance in terms of grades

Σ y=¿ summation of the value of the satisfaction in classroom environment

2
Σ x =¿ summation of the squared value of academic performance
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

2
Σ y summation of the squared value of the satisfaction in classroom

environment.

Reference

Watson, R. (2015). Quantitative research. Nursing Standard, 29(31), 44–48.

https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.31.44.e8681

Curtis, E., Comiskey, C., & Dempsey, O. (2016). Importance and use of

correlational research. Nurse Researcher, 23(6), 20–25.

https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2016.e1382

Siswanto, E., & Hidayati, D. (2020). MANAGEMENT INDICATORS OF GOOD

INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES TO IMPROVE SCHOOL QUALITY. International

Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 1(1), 69.

https://doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v1i1.1516

Saleem, A., Muhammad, Y., & Qureshi, N. (2023). Managing Public Elementary School

classrooms in Lahore: Physical Facilities related challenges for Novice. . .

ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).34

Nedelikovic, V., Trettin, R., & Clauß, S. (2021). Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in

Production of Green Cement-Based Concrete Composites: A Review.

ResearchGate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349656921_Use_of_Recycled_

Concrete_Aggregates_in_Production_of_Green_Cement-

Based_Concrete_Composites_A_Review

Performance of mussel shell as aggregate in plain concrete | Request PDF. (n.d.).

ResearchGate. Retrieved October 25, 2023, from

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309183082_Performance_of_mussel_shell_as

_aggregate_in_plain_concrete

Razali, N. (2018, August 21). (PDF) Revalorization of aquaculture waste: The performance of

calcined mussel shells as partial cement replacement. ResearchGate. Retrieved

October 25, 2023, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323834734_Revalorization_of_aquaculture_wa

ste_The_performance_of_calcined_mussel_shells_as_partial_cement_replacement

Reuse of Sanitary Ceramic Wastes as Coarse Aggregate in eco-Efficient Concretes | Request

PDF. (n.d.). ResearchGate. Retrieved October 25, 2023, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257407057_Reuse_of_Sanitary_Ceramic_Was

tes_as_Coarse_Aggregate_in_eco-Efficient_Concretes

Sikra, S. (n.d.). How Does Construction Impact the Environment? GoContractor.

Retrieved October 25, 2023, from https://gocontractor.com/blog/how-does-construction-

impact-the-environment/

Akomolafe, C., & Adesua, V. (2015). The Classroom Environment: A Major Motivating

Factor towards High Academic Performance of Senior Secondary School

Students in South West Nigeria. https://eric.ed.gov/?

id=EJ1086098&fbclid=IwAR2BqF8TAeRoRwa6LOLuMHTlvTYFUwUJValEKXV1un3Po1

-n913iF6IvMmc

Aquino, I. (2019, March). THE CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON

THE STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE COLLEGE OF

TEACHER EDUCATION. International Journal of Advanced Research in

Management and Social Sciences. https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Mar2019/G-

2628.pdf
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2

Bauer, T., Brigham, J., Choi, S. M., Guerin, D., & Kim, H.-Y. (2014). Indoor

Environmental Quality of Classrooms and Student Outcomes: A path analysis

approach. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1152654.pdf

Glewwe, P., Hanushek, E., Humpage, S., & Ravina, R. (2017). School Resources and

Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries.

https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/804661468567528878/pdf/106951-

REVISED-PH-PETS-QSDS-Note-4.pdf

Makun, C. Y. (2019). A study into the effect of indoor air temperature on the thermal

comfort, health and performance of users in selected naturally ventilated school

in nigeria. http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/4813

Malik, R. H., & Rizvi, A. A. (2018, august). Effect of Classroom Learning Environment

on Students' Academic Achievement in Mathematics at Secondary Level.

Bulletin of Education and Research.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1209817.pdf?

fbclid=IwAR24vD7OB7cmByJQeu8eaSOGvb6QQ6YjXdYH_W8Zop6pGpAAQUsxjMlrDr

Tahsildoost, M., & Zomorodian, Z. S. (2018, April). Indoor environment quality

assessment in classrooms: An integrated approach.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324579260_Indoor_environment_quality_asse

ssment_in_classrooms_An_integrated_approach

Toyinbo, O. (2023, August 27). Indoor Environmental Quality, Pupils’ Health, and

Academic Performance—A Literature Review.

https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092172