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JAI SHREE RAM

NARAYAN CHANGDER
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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
Contents

1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
 1. COMPARATIVE POLITICS

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS
1. SOVEREIGNTY. which is the best defini-
tion?
A. Legal authority over people in a certain
territory
B. An idea that binds people together
C. The ability to control people and terri-
tory A. Collectivism
D. The boundaries between nations B. Neoliberalism
2. True or False:Nigeria is linguistically di- C. Critical Juncture
verse. D. Globalization
A. True
5. A factor that determines which ideologies
B. False dominates a country’s political regime may
3. REGIME. which is the best definition? be
A. The boundaries of a nation A. nationalism
B. The ability to control people and B. patriotism
events C. political culture
C. The organizational structure of a gov- D. political economy
ernment
E. ethnic or religious composition.
D. A political/legal organization that has
control over the people and territory 6. What year did the military regime in Nige-
within a set boundary ria end (Hint this constitution is
still in use )
4. An important historical moment when po-
litical actors make critical choices, which A. 1963
shape institutions and future outcomes B. 1999

1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B
1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 3

C. 2000 11. Name the presiding officer of the Lok

D. 1996 Sabha.

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A. Prime Minister
7. This policy was set up by Gorbachev to en-
courage citizens of the Soviet Union to be B. Vice-President
open about their opinions. C. Speaker
A. Loudness D. Member of Parliament
B. Open Court
12. The quorum of the Lok Sabha required ;
C. Open Door
A. 1/cat
D. Russification
B. 1/10th
8. The party with the largest number of seats C. 1/11th
in Parliament, at this time (2018) is the
party They do not have enough for D. 1/12th
a majority, thus they have a plurality 13. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS. which is the best
A. Labour definition?
B. Green A. Analysis that is dependent upon ob-
C. Liberal Democrats servable and testable facts
D. Conservatives B. Analysis that is dependent upon con-
sidering how politics ought to be done
9. answerability, blameworthiness, liability,
C. Analysis that is dependent upon num-
and the expectation of account-giving
bers alone
A. Plurality
D. Analysis that is dependent upon opin-
B. Accommodation ion
C. Capitalism
14. This region contains a Majority Muslim
D. Accountability population. Putin invaded the region fol-
10. Define POLITICAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEM lowing his promotion to President in 1999.
He used this invasion to garner support
A. Violence outside of state control that
leading into the 2000 general elections for
is politically motivated
President.
B. The relationship between political and
A. Chuvashia
economic institutions in a particular coun-
try and the policies and outcomes they cre- B. Chechnya
ate C. Georgia
C. The struggle in any group for power D. Ukraine
that will give one or more persons the abil-
ity to make decisions for the larger group 15. In the UK, how are PMs removed from of-
D. A political view that does not have a fice?
consistent ideological foundation, but that A. Vote of no confidence
emphasizes hostility toward elites and es- B. Impeachment
tablished state and economic institutions
and favors greater power in the hands of C. Through national referendum
the public D. By the Queen

7. A 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A

1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 4

16. Define TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP B. Government makes the decisions

A. An integrated set of hypotheses, as- C. By custom, what has always been done
sumptions, and facts
B. A nondemocratic regime that is highly D. none of above
centralized, possessing some form of
strong ideology that seeks to transform 20. With clientelism
and absorb fundamental aspects of state, A. the state receives the support of the
society, and the economy, using a wide ar- people by creating groups that involve the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ray of institutions people and help to spread propaganda
C. Legitimacy that accepts aspects of pol- about the regime.
itics because they have been institutional- B. a leader’s strong personality helps to
ized over a long period of time develop loyalty to the regime.
D. Proposed agreement among twelve C. people are tricked into following the
countries to liberalize trade though re- regime by the existence of the process of
duced tariffs and common regulations. democracy but not the substance of it.
Abandoned by the United States in 2020 D. people follow the regime out of con-
17. STATE. which is the best definition? cern for their lives.
E. individuals support the regime be-
A. A political/legal organization that has
cause they receive a tangible benefit.
control of a territory
B. A particular condition that someone or 21. Below are NOT types of Authoritarianism
something is in at a particular time A. dictatorship
C. Express something clearly either in B. parliamentary monarchy
writing or speech
C. military board
D. A political/legal organization that has
D. absolute monarchy
control over the people and territory
within a set boundary 22. An approach to economic policy in which
state economic policies are used to regu-
18. Which of the following is an accurate de-
late the economy in an attempt to achieve
scription of the judicial system in modern
stable economic growth
day China?
A. the higher courts have the power of ju-
dicial review
B. The Chinese Communist Party controls
Court procedures and decisions
C. Local courts have a great deal of au-
tonomy
D. Most judges that sit on courts make in-
dependent decisions

19. In a traditional economy, how are choices

made?
A. Individuals decide A. Neoliberalism

16. D 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. E 21. B 22. B

1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 5

B. Keynesianism A. North
C. Liberalism B. South

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D. Conservatism
C. East
23. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH. which is the D. West
best definition?
A. Research that involves interviewing 27. Define STATE
people
A. The ability of a state to carry out ac-
B. Research that involves reading a wide tions or policies within a territory indepen-
variety of books dently from external actors or internal ri-
C. Research that involves the analysis of vals
numerical data
B. (1) The organization that maintains a
D. Research that involves building a holis- monopoly of force over a given territory;
tic (or complete) picture by utilizing a wide (2) a set of political institutions to gener-
variety of sources ate and execute policy regarding freedom
24. What issues that is NOT covered in Com- and equality
parative Politics? C. Terrorism supported directly by a
A. the study of democratic idea in differ- state as an instrument of foreign policy
ent countries D. A state that is able to fulfill basic tasks,
B. the study of collective identity in differ- such as defending territory, making and
ent countries enforcing rules, collecting taxes, and man-
C. the study of economic policy in differ- aging the economy
ent countries
28. How many readings must a bill go through
D. the study of sports in different coun-
prior to the final ‘ping-pong’ of amend-
tries
ments?
25. A state where one party is in charge like
A. 2
the PRI in Mexico sand the communist
party in China B. 3
A. Party State C. 4
B. Democratic State
D. 1
C. Liberal Democracy
D. Illiberal Democracy 29. Which of the following was an ideology
that was most influential in shaping the
26. Most Russian cities are located in the political system during the earliest days of
the Soviet Union?
A. state corporatism
B. democratic centralism
C. liberalism
D. Stalinism

23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. B

1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 6

30. Which of the following does not character- D. A system of government where the
ize the comparative politics? leader treats you as property
A. It involves mindful comparisons in 34. Which of the following is NOT a main ele-
studying; political experiences, institu- ment of the State?
tions, behaviour and processes of major
systems of government. A. Defined Territory
B. It comprises of the study of even ex- B. Sovereignty that creates boundaries
tra constitutional agencies along with the C. Central government which upholds the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
study of formal governmental organs. State
C. It excludes the important regularities, D. People living in a defined territory
similarities and differences in the working
E. Police power that ensures the safety
of political behaviour.
and security of the state
D. It compares the political systems in
various parts of the globe, with a view to 35. A set of public policies designed to provide
comprehend and define the nature of poli- for citizens’ needs through direct or indi-
tics and to devise a scientific theory of pol- rect provision of pensions, healthcare
itics. assistance to the poor etc.
A. Hegemonic Power
31. What is the Human Development Index?
B. Welfare State
A. The health of an individual.
B. A set of statistics or numbers that rank C. NeoLiberalism
countries by their development. D. Capitalism
C. The country a person lives in, 36. According to Section 3, who are tasked
D. The number of preventable diseases in to protect the state and assure the safety
a country. and security of the Filipino People?
32. the process by which a judicial body eval- A. Armed Forces of the Philippines
uates and rules on the legal authority of B. BTS Army
legislation. C. President and the government
A. Judicial Review
D. Civilian Authority
B. Legislative Acts
37. The United States has no State-owned en-
C. Legislative Review
terprise
D. Executive Review
A. True
33. Collectivization is best described in which B. False
answer?
C. they have several
A. Public farms are taken over by the gov-
ernment and organized into large state D. they only have one
farms 38. an economic system characterized by so-
B. Welfare is distributed on a needs cial ownership of the means of production
based system and co-operative management of the econ-
C. Free Market Competition, allowing for omy.
corporate innovation A. authoritarianism

30. C 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. E 35. B 36. A 37. A 38. C

1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 7

B. democracy B. Culture
C. socialism C. Collective Identities

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D. capitalism D. Religion
39. Ascendancy or domination of one power or 43. Define PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
state within a league, confederation, etc.,
or of one social class over others A. Characterized by a set of values that
center on “quality of life” considerations
A. Authority and give less attention to material gain
B. Hegemony B. The ability to influence others or im-
C. Power pose one’s will on them
D. Prebendalism C. A political system in which the roles of
head of state and head of government are
40. Which of the following is NOT the duty of
combined in one executive office
the government according to Section 5?
D. The working class
A. Maintain peace and order.
B. Protect the life, liberty and property of 44. (multiple answers) Which of the following
the citizen. makeup a nation-state? A nation state
C. Promote the general welfare of the (more than 1 option acceptable)
people. A. has the characteristics of (com-
D. Deprive the people with freedom and mon)history, language, religion, ethnicity,
democracy. race, political and economic values, etc
B. occupies the same (usually contigu-
41. An ideology that seeks to unite religion
ous) territory
with the state is called
C. has a government that the common
A. Puritanism.
population recognize as “theirs, “ which
B. religious conservatism. makes laws and regulations
C. orthodoxy. D. has a government that is expected to
D. fundamentalism defend their population in case of an at-
tack by another government
E. radicalism.
E. refers to organizations that people vol-
42. The groups with which people identify, in- untarily join, usually to defend their inter-
cluding gender, class, race, region, etc. ests against the state or express them-
The building blocks for social and political selves peacefully and non politically
action
45. The field within political science that fo-
cuses on domestic politics and analyzes
patterns of similarity and difference
A. Political Science
B. Comparative Politics
C. Distributional Politics
A. Critical Juncture D. Consolidated Democracies

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 8

46. The primary export for Russia is 50. A form of government that has complete
A. Stone control of most aspects of citizen life. It
does not recognize any other authority.
B. Lumber
A. Oligarchy
C. Energy (oil/natural gas/minerals)
B. Totalitarianism
D. Machinery
C. Democracy
47. Define REVOLUTION
D. Republic

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Indirect democracy that emphasizes
the separation of powers within a state 51. Winner take all politics, whoever gets the
and the representation of the public most votes wins the election.
through elected officials A. Proportional Representation
B. Theory of development in which the ex- B. Single Member District
istence of natural resources in a given
state is a barrier to modernization and C. Plurality System
democracy D. Hybrid System
C. Public seizure of the state in order
to overturn the existing government and 52. True or False:Socialism and Communism is
regime based off a philosophy by Karl Marx

D. A system in which all individuals and A. True

groups, including those in government, B. False
are subject to the law, irrespective of their
power or authority 53. a convenient arrangement; a settlement or
compromise
48. Pertaining to and involving many nation
A. treaty
states
A. national B. understanding

B. international C. agreement

C. globalization D. accommodation

D. multi-country 54. Where is the power located in a confeder-

acy?
49. Which of the following is the most accu-
rate definition of a state? A. Individual member states
A. an organization that includes institu- B. Central government
tions and has a monopoly on the legiti- C. Local/regional governments
mate use of violence over a set territory
D. Parliament
B. a group of people who are bound to-
gether by a common political identity 55. How many states are in Nigeria
C. the rules that are set and followed in A. 12
exerting power
B. 6
D. the ability to carry out actions or poli-
cies within borders independently from in- C. 32
terference D. 36

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 9

56. The Iranian clergy should rule on the 60. An influential approach in comparative pol-
grounds that they are divinely appointed itics that involves trying to explain why if
guardians of both the law and the people ‘X happens, then Y is the result’

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A. Jurist’s guardianship
B. Guards
C. Assembly of Experts A. Independent Variable
D. Hezbollahis B. Dependent Variable
57. The United States holds presidential elec- C. Causal Theories
tions every 4 years on what day?
D. Summative
A. The Tuesday following the first Monday
in October 61. Define SOCIAL EXPENDITURES
B. The Tuesday following the first Monday A. An electoral district with one seat
in November
B. (1) A political-economic system in
C. The Tuesday following the first Monday which freedom and equality are balanced
in December through the state’s management of the
D. All correct. economy and the provision of social ex-
penditures; (2) a political ideology that ad-
58. Putin’s authority is derived, in part, by vocates such a system
both the Constitution and by the domi-
C. State provision of public benefits, such
nance of the United Russia party, the Oli-
as education, health care, and transporta-
garch’s corruption, as well as a fear of au-
tion
thority. This is an example of
A. Dictatorship D. Complex human organization; a collec-
tion of people bound by shared institutions
B. Soft Authoritarianism that define how human relations should
C. Insider Privatization be conducted
D. Democracy 62. An economic and political system in which
59. What is an electoral system? a country’s trade and industry are con-
trolled by private owners for profit
A. How citizens choose government offi-
cials to represent them in government A. Communism
B. list of all candidates running for office B. Capitalism
C. popular form of government in Europe C. Crony Capitalism
D. meetings of international leaders D. Cartel

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 10

63. What is the dominant type of Islam in around the world make and contest au-
Iran? thoritative choices
C. the increase in the scope and extent
of political, economic, and cultural con-
nections between governments, organiza-
tions, and individuals around the world
D. governments in which God or a deity is
recognized as the supreme ruler

NARAYAN CHANGDER
67. This world organization was created post
A. Sunni ww2 to promote world peace
B. Sufi A. European Union
C. Shia B. The Canadian Allegiance
D. Khawarij C. G20
D. United Nations
64. a voting system used to select a single win-
ner where the ballots are cast for the per- 68. The measurable factor in an experiment is
son you choose, then, if no one has ma- known as the:
jority, then all but the top two candidates A. Control
are eliminated and then another election is
B. Independent Variable
held for the top two.
C. Constant
A. single member district election
D. Dependent Variable
B. first past the post election
C. proportional election 69. Define POLITICAL ECONOMY

D. run-off election A. Description of one’s views regarding

the speed and methods with which polit-
65. All of the following are perspectives of ical changes should take place in a given
globalization EXCEPT society
A. Communitarian perspective B. The basic norms for political activity in
B. Free market perspective a society
C. The study of the interaction between
C. Socialist perspective
states and markets
D. Populist (nationalist) perspective
D. The basic values held by an individual
Explanation:This comes from the Gilpin
about the fundamental goals of politics or
reading. The three perspectives of glob-
the ideal balance of freedom and equality
alization are communitarian, populist, and
free-market! 70. A type of nation-state in which the commu-
nist party attempts to exercise a complete
66. What is the definition of globalization?
monopoly on political power
A. patriotic feeling; an extreme form of
A. Nation-State
this is feeling superiority over other coun-
tries B. State
B. is the systematic search for answers C. Communist party-state
to political questions about how people D. Country

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 11

71. Define RATIONAL-LEGAL LEGITIMACY A. french colony

A. Approach that assumes that individu- B. americans

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als weigh the costs and benefits and make
choices to maximize their benefits C. chinese

B. Legitimacy based on a system of laws D. portuguese

and procedures that are highly institution- E. none of the above
alized
C. Those who seek to restore the institu- 75. A form of government in which power and
tions of a real or an imagined earlier order political control are concentrated in one or
few rulers
D. A national vote called by a government
to address a specific proposal, often a A. Democracy
change to the constitution
B. Oligarchy
72. What is the population of Nigeria? C. Theocracy
D. Dictatorship

76. President Buhari is of this Nigerian ethnic

group
A. Igbo
B. Yoruba
A. 195 million C. Hausa
B. 195 thousand D. Fulani
C. 100 million
77. places a high priority on individual
D. 190 hundred
rights and freedoms, and favors a limited
E. None of the Above state role in society and the economy.
73. Your income level, worldviews, aspira- A. liberalism
tions, etc, place you into one of these, per-
B. communism
haps
A. Social Class C. social democracy

B. Social Movement D. fascism

C. Interest Group E. anarchism
D. Comparative Politics
78. A method of classifying by using criteria
74. Nigeria was colonized by? that divide a group of cases into smaller
cases with common characteristics
A. Comparative Politics
B. Typology
C. Analysis
D. Distributional Politics

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 12

79. How many languages and ethnic groups B. normative statements

are in Nigeria? C. hypohesis
D. variables

83. A societal explanation for why conflicts oc-

cur would argue that conflict emerges
A. due to the number of ethnic groups in
the society and their degree of integration

NARAYAN CHANGDER
or polarization.
A. 300 languages and 200 ethnics B. due to the struggles over resources be-
B. 400 languages and 100 ethnics tween groups.
C. 520 languages and 250 ethnics C. due to levels of poverty and inequality.
D. 100 languages and 400 ethnics D. due to a weak state with little capacity
E. None of the Above or autonomy.
E. in nondemocratic states that repress
80. A system of rule in which power depends
their population.
not on popular legitimacy, but on the coer-
cive force of the political authorities 84. The belief that political power ties directly
A. Authoritarian Regime to economic strength
B. Democracy A. Imperialism
C. Consolidated Democracy B. Colonialism
D. Socialist Democratic C. Nationalism

81. Which of these cities is the capital of Nige- D. Mercantilism

ria? 85. What are the 4 Pillars of Free Enterprise
A. Private Property, The Price System,
Market Competition, Entrepreneurship
B. Strategy, Execution, People, and Cash
C. Capitalism, Socialism, Free Market
D. Dictatorship, President, Parliamen-
tary, Monarchy
A. lagos
B. delta 86. Cultural backlash has been steadily in-
creasing. According to Inglehart and
C. cross river
Norris’s cultural backlash theory, we
D. abuja should expect that which of the follow-
E. None of the Above ing (multiple-select) will be more likely to
vote for populist parties:
82. One approach to compare countries is to
emphasize based on factual state- A. Those feeling economically insecure
ments and statistics B. The less educated
A. empirical data C. Ethnic majority

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 13

D. Older people 91. A society’s position on gender roles

E. Those who have been unemployed for A. gender cleavage

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3 months or longer B. gender position
87. This refer to structures and processes C. gender participation
that are designed to ensure accountabil- D. gender politics
ity, transparency, responsiveness, rule of
law, stability, equity and inclusiveness, 92. Define WEAK STATE
empowerment, and broad-based participa- A. A state that has difficulty fulfilling ba-
tion. sic tasks, such as defending territory,
A. Government making and enforcing rules, collecting
taxes, and managing the economy
B. Democratic Government
B. A state in which most political power
C. Governance
exists at the national level, with limited lo-
D. Politics cal authority

88. Which type of democracy allows the peo- C. Lenin’s argument that an elite commu-
ple to make the laws themselves? nist party would have to carry out revo-
lution, because as a result of false con-
A. republic sciousness, historical conditions would
B. direct democracy not automatically lead to capitalism’s
demise
C. dictatorship
D. Vote taken by a legislature as to
D. representative democracy whether its members continue to support
the current prime minister; depending on
89. Which military Head of State overthrew
the country, a vote of no confidence can
President Shehu Shadari’s government?
force the resignation of the prime minis-
(Hint, he is the current president
ter and/or lead to new parliamentary elec-
c.2021)
tions
A. General Ibrahim Babangida
93. The process by which political power is de-
B. General Muhammadu Buhari centralized and “sent down” to lower lev-
C. General Murtala Muhammed els of government.
D. General Sunny Bachcha A. Freedom
B. Equality
90. a political theory holding all forms of
governmental authority to be unnecessary C. Sovereignty
and undesirable and advocating a society D. Devolution
based on voluntary cooperation and free
association of individuals and groups 94. An organization that includes the US and
29 other member countries that have
A. anarchism
agreed to be allies. Article 5 includes the
B. conservatism mutual defense clause
C. authority A. Nato
D. cartel B. United Nations

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 14

C. European Union C. A political system in which the roles of

D. G20 head of state and head of government are
assigned to separate executive offices
95. In a Presidential Government, the legisla- D. A political system in which power flows
tive and executive branches are indepen- directly from the ruling political party (usu-
dent and coequal. ally a communist party) to the state, by-
A. True passing government structures
B. False 100. True or False:The government makes eco-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
nomic decisions in a command economy
96. CAUSATION. which is the best definition?
A. true
A. The absense of any relationship
amongst factors/variables B. false
B. The existence of randomness amongst 101. Which of the following is found in illiberal
two or more factors/variables democracies?
C. The existence of a relationship be- A. elections
tween two or more factors/variables B. local government transparency
D. A relationship between two or more C. guaranteed civil liberties
factors/variable in which one (or more)
of those factors/variable leads to the out- D. legitimate competition between politi-
come of the other(s) cal parties
E. strong civil society
97. From point 1, which one should be consid-
ered the most? In comparing politics and 102. the idea that one (or more) variable influ-
government ences another
A. Context of own country A. causation
B. own country’s culture B. correlation
C. The progress of the country that we C. dependent variable
want D. independent variable
D. Popularity of the world community 103. Where an entity or person becomes the
98. The Prime Minister is called the physical embodiment of the government
eg:Lenin and Mao
A. Nominal Head
A. Head of State
B. Executive Head
B. Head of Government
C. None of the above
C. Cult of Personality
D. none of above
D. Authoritarian
99. Define OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING
104. A conflict within a nation
A. A process by which a firm moves some A. international conflict
of its work to a secondary business out-
side the home country that can do the B. multinational conflict
work more efficiently or cheaply C. national conflict
B. Industry partially owned by the state D. global conflict

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 15

105. Define SUPERSTRUCTURE B. Added

A. All noneconomic institutions in a soci- C. Federalized

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ety (e.g., religion, culture, national iden- D. Expanded
tity); these ideas and values derive from
the base and serve to legitimize the cur- 109. This system of government’s ultimate
rent system of exploitation goal was to create a state-less system
B. An intergovernmental system with its People served the needs of one another.
own sovereign powers over member Government is only necessary at its incep-
states tion so as to transition to a more ‘utopian’,
collectivist ideal.
C. A tax on imported goods
A. conservatism
D. The use of violence by nonstate ac-
tors against civilians in order to achieve B. liberalism
a politi-cal goal C. fascism

106. A regime that uses corporatism is at- D. Marxism

tempting to
110. Define POLITICAL VIOLENCE
A. promote economic growth.
A. Violence outside of state control that
B. provide the illusion of political influ- is politically motivated
ence.
B. The relationship between political and
C. discourage political participation. economic institutions in a particular coun-
D. expand economic and political free- try and the policies and outcomes they cre-
doms. ate

E. encourage pluralism in the political C. The struggle in any group for power
process. that will give one or more persons the abil-
ity to make decisions for the larger group
107. The following are facts about the Power D. A political view that does not have a
of Eminent Domain, except; consistent ideological foundation, but that
A. The state acquire private property emphasizes hostility toward elites and es-
upon payment of just compensation. tablished state and economic institutions
and favors greater power in the hands of
B. The state acquire private property for
the public
public use.
C. The state acquire private property dis- 111. This variable in an experiment is the one
regarding the due process of law. being deliberately changed by the scien-
tist.
D. The acquiring of private property is
based on the necessity and will greatly A. dependent variable
benefit the people. B. independent variable
108. When Parliament (in the late 1990’s) de- C. data
cided to allow Scotland, Wales and No. Ire- D. control group
land their own assemblies, they power
112. NOT part of Great Britain
A. Devolved A. Northern Ireland

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 16

B. Wales that the other country will give in times of

C. Scotland calamities.

D. Ireland 117. Define SOCIAL DEMOCRACY

113. What was the Politburo in the CCP? A. An electoral district with one seat
A. The small inner group of the CCP who B. (1) A political-economic system in
had most authority which freedom and equality are balanced
through the state’s management of the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Democratic legislature of the PRC
economy and the provision of social ex-
C. Advistory body to President of the PRC penditures; (2) a political ideology that ad-
D. The leading military authorites of the vocates such a system
PRC C. State provision of public benefits, such
114. Career minded bureaucrats who adminis- as education, health care, and transporta-
ter public policy according to a technical tion
rather than a political rationale. D. Complex human organization; a collec-
A. Technocrat tion of people bound by shared institutions
that define how human relations should
B. Academic be conducted
C. Specialist
118. Who is called the nominal head of the
D. Autocrat
state?
115. Based on the reading, “Three Faces of A. President
the Indian State” and material from lec-
ture. Indian democracy is strong. B. Governor

A. True C. None of the above

B. False D. none of above
Explanation:False! Indian democracy has
been backsliding and they’ve struggled 119. (2 answers) A speculative statement
with protecting civil liberties and civil about the relationship between two or
rights for religious and ethnic minorities. more factors known as
A. variables
116. Which is TRUE about the Article II, Sec-
tion 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution? B. hypothesis
A. The Philippines will only declare war C. causation
for preservation and territorial integrity.
D. correlation
B. The Philippines will never declare de-
fensive war, only aggressive ones. 120. Which one of the following terms refers
to when the courts can overturn the laws?
C. If there is a conflict between interna-
tional law and the constitution, the inter- A. judicial review
national law always prevails.
B. judicial restraint
D. The Philippines build a peace and
C. life tenure
friendly relationship with other countries
solely because of the help and support D. pardon

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 17

121. Define PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTA- 125. The second sector of an economy, respon-
TION sible for producing finished goods.

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A. Goods or services that are owned by A. Service Sector
an individual or a group, privately or pub- B. Manufacturing Sector
licly
C. Financial Sector
B. An electoral system in which political
parties compete in multimember districts; D. Industrial Sector
voters choose between parties, and the
seats in the district are awarded propor- 126. Legislation introduced and approved di-
tionally according to the results of the rectly by the electorate
vote A. Initiative
C. Goods, provided or secured by the B. Recall
state, available to society, and which no C. Referendum
private person or organization can own
D. Direct introduction
D. A statistical tool that attempts to esti-
mate the buying power of income across 127. Which of the following is found in illiberal
different countries by using prices in the democracies?
United States as a benchmark
A. elections
122. A small elite whose interests and mem- B. local government transparency
bers have been made a part of a single po-
litical unit which has a significant impact C. guaranteed civil liberties
on policy D. legitimate competition between politi-
A. Hierarchical elite cal parties

B. Integrated elite E. strong civil society

C. Top Elite 128. What is NOT comparative politics?

D. Political elite A. The study of politics in different coun-
tries
123. Political system that features selection to
public office via free and fair elections; the B. Part of political science
right of all adults to vote C. The study of comparing different insti-
A. Authoritarian Regime tutions in different countries
B. Dictatorship D. The study of language and grammar
C. Communist Party-State 129. Define PARASTATAL
D. Democracy A. A process by which a firm moves some
124. The most common economic system in the of its work to a secondary business out-
world is a side the home country that can do the
work more efficiently or cheaply
A. Mixed
B. Industry partially owned by the state
B. Command
C. A political system in which the roles of
C. Free Market head of state and head of government are
D. none of above assigned to separate executive offices

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 18

D. A political system in which power flows C. social democracy

directly from the ruling political party (usu- D. fascism
ally a communist party) to the state, by-
passing government structures E. anarchism

130. The use of power, particularly by the 135. POWER. which is the best definition?
state, to allocate some kind of valued re- A. Ability to do work
source among competing groups B. Electric, Nuclear, Hydroelectric

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Pork Barrel Spending C. Ability to control people and events
B. Distributional Politics D. Strength
C. Typology
136. Women initially gained their right to vote
D. Consolidated Democracties in 1918 But only for those women
30+ years of age In what year were
131. What is the name of a change in one vari-
women made equal, in voting, as men?
able coinciding with a change in the other?
A. 1918
A. correlation
B. 1919
B. independent variable
C. 1928
C. hypothesis
D. 1945
D. normative
137. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. which is the
132. The provides low-interest loans, no- best definition?
interest credit, policy advice, and techni-
cal assistance to developing countries with A. Research that involves interviewing
the goal of reducing poverty. people

A. World Bank B. Research that involves reading a wide

variety of books
B. World Trade Organization
C. Research that involves the analysis of
C. United Nations Financial Division numerical data
D. European Union D. Research that involves building a holis-
tic (or complete) picture by utilizing a wide
133. Economic System in which the economic
variety of sources
decision are made by the producers and
consumers. 138. National identity is
A. Capitalism A. a country’s form of government.
B. Socialism B. the dominant religious beliefs that ex-
C. Communism ist in a country.
D. none of above C. a set of institutions that bind people to-
gether through a common culture.
134. Which of the following ideologies would D. a set of institutions that bind people
be labeled as a “liberal” political attitude together through common political aspira-
in North America? tions.
A. liberalism E. a decision by certain governments to
B. communism place people into social hierarchies.

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 19

139. Define POWER B. the idea that everyone is treated

A. Characterized by a set of values that equally under the law.

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center on “quality of life” considerations C. organizations formed outside of state
and give less attention to material gain control.
B. The ability to influence others or im- D. participation in the democratic pro-
pose one’s will on them cess.
C. A political system in which the roles of E. a country free from political violence.
head of state and head of government are
combined in one executive office 144. What is Democracy
D. The working class
A. government run by the small group of
140. of the territories/Oblasts/Regions, people
within the Russian Federation, are al- B. government run by people repre-
lowed their own Constitution, leadership, sented by elected officials
government Many are culturally dis-
tinct from Russia proper and they may C. government run by unlected leader
speak their own language. representing political party

A. 21 D. a government run by bureaucrat

B. 85
145. Which country is ruled by a liberal
C. 10 regime?
D. 27 A. Brunei
141. Which Russian tradition most directly op- B. Laos
poses the development of a civil society in
C. Vietnam
Russia today?
D. Cambodia
A. protection of cultural heterogeneity
B. nomenclature 146. Who is the head of the government in the
C. statism UK?
D. collectivization A. the President

142. Economic system in which all means of B. the Queen

production are owned and operated by the C. the Prime Minister
government.
D. none of above
A. Communism
B. Socialism 147. An apparent association between factors
or variables is a:
C. Capitalism
D. none of above A. causal relationship
B. assumption
143. Civil society refers to
C. linkage agent
A. a community where people treat each
other with respect. D. correlation

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 20

148. Define TOTALITARIANISM

A. An integrated set of hypotheses, as-
sumptions, and facts
B. A nondemocratic regime that is highly
centralized, possessing some form of
strong ideology that seeks to transform
and absorb fundamental aspects of state,
society, and the economy, using a wide ar-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ray of institutions
C. Legitimacy that accepts aspects of pol-
itics because they have been institutional- A. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
ized over a long period of time B. Reza Pahlavi
D. Proposed agreement among twelve C. Grand handled by Khomeini
countries to liberalize trade though re-
duced tariffs and common regulations. D. I have Sadra
Abandoned by the United States in 2018
152. The term for when a state’s power and
149. Define SEPARATION OF POWERS territory have been institutionalized over
a long period of time, and are therefore
A. A focus on effects rather than causes, accepted by the public.
which can lead to inaccurate conclusions
about correlation or causation A. Rational-Legal Legitimacy

B. An executive system that divides B. Traditional Legitimacy

power between two strong executives, a C. Charismatic Legitimacy
president and a prime minister
D. Autonomy
C. The clear division of power among
different branches of government and 153. Government system which constricts the
the provision that specific branches may rights and privacy of its citizens. This type
check the power of other branches of rule is based on some type of IDEOLOGY
D. A process of rapid marketization (ex. Fascism, Nazism, Communism)
A. Authoritarian
150. In terms of political attitude, a liberal is
one who B. Sovereignty
A. believes gradual, transformational C. Totalitarianism
change should occur D. Democracy
B. wants to see immediate change, even
if violence is necessary 154. A form of government in which a small
group of elites rule.
C. wishes to preserve the status quo
A. Oligarchy
D. values liberty as a higher priority than
equality B. Monarchy
C. Dictatorship
151. Who became Supreme Leader of Iran af-
ter the Revolution? D. Authoritarian

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 21

155. Which country that can be considered a A. Causal Theories

developmental state B. Rational Choice Theories

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A. United States
C. Middle Level Theories
B. Germany
D. String Theories
C. Japan
D. USSR 159. This committee is established to han-
dle disputes between the Majiles and the
156. Where is Nigeria on the map? Guardian Council
A. Assembly of Experts
A. B. Expediency Council
C. The Judiciary
D. The Cabinet
B. 160. The Philippines is a democratic republic
in which the power rest with the nation’s
citizen. Which of the following situations
shows the roles of the Filipino people? I.
Elect leaders to represent themII. Decide
C. the government they wantIII. Abolish and
form a new governmentIV. Fulfill the re-
sponsibilities as a citizen of the country
A. I, II, III, IV
B. I, II, IV
D. C. I and II
D. IV only

157. recent times or the present; up-to-date 161. A form of government in which the peo-
A. modern ple have power in their government.
B. current A. Democracy
C. now B. Monarchy
D. they are immense C. Authoritarian

158. Theories focusing on specific features of D. Dictatorship

the political world, such as institutions,
162. The categories of radical, liberal, conser-
policies, or classes of similar events; revo-
vative, and reactionary are all political
lutions, or elections, etc.
A. cultures
B. attitudes
C. ideologies
D. opinions
E. economies

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 22

163. Define VOTE OF NO CONFIDENCE 166. The key difference between ethnic con-
A. A political system in which the legisla- flict and national conflict is that ethnic con-
ture comprises one house flict

B. A state in which most political power A. involves racial equality; national con-
exists at the national level, with limited lo- flict involves economic inequality.
cal authority B. involves cultural goals; national con-
C. Lenin’s argument that an elite commu- flict involves political goals.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
nist party would have to carry out revo- C. involves fundamentalism; national
lution, because as a result of false con- conflict is a clash between liberalism and
sciousness, historical conditions would conservatism.
not automatically lead to capitalism’s
D. occurs between ethnic groups to
demise
achieve political or economic goals; na-
D. Vote taken by a legislature as to tional conflict involves one or more groups
whether its members continue to support striving for sovereignty.
the current prime minister; depending on
the country, a vote of no confidence can E. is small-scale and uses guerrilla and
force the resignation of the prime minis- terrorist activity; national conflict involves
ter and/or lead to new parliamentary elec- militaries from different states going to
tions war.

164. Which is not true about Nation? 167. Comparative governance is a formal
study of the organization and powers, de-
A. A nation is a community of people scription of the features of the constitu-
formed on the basis of a common lan- tions and political institutions, and legal
guage. powers of political institutions form the
B. A group of people who has a shared basic contents of comparative government
ethnicity. study.
C. A nation is a collective identity of peo- A. TRUE
ple
B. FALSE
D. A nation must be recognized and
sovereign. 168. The most important policymaking body in
the Chinese government is the
165. Define PATRIOTISM
A. Central Military Commission
A. An arrangement whereby a ruler de-
pends on a collection of supporters within B. State Council
the state who gain direct benefits in re- C. Standing Committee of the Politburo
turn for enforcing the ruler’s will
D. National Party Congress
B. Pride in one’s state
169. Define VANGUARD OF THE PROLETARIAT
C. Literally, restructuring; the policy of
political and economic liberalization imple- A. A political system in which the legisla-
mented in the Soviet Union in the late ture comprises one house
1980s B. A state in which most political power
D. The top policy-making and executive exists at the national level, with limited lo-
body of a communist party cal authority

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 23

C. Lenin’s argument that an elite commu- direct military control or indirect political
nist party would have to carry out revo- control.
lution, because as a result of false con-

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A. capitalism
sciousness, historical conditions would
not automatically lead to capitalism’s B. interdependence
demise C. globalization
D. Vote taken by a legislature as to D. neo-colonialism
whether its members continue to support
the current prime minister; depending on 174. Nike shoes being produced in Vietnam
the country, a vote of no confidence can and other third world countries is the
force the resignation of the prime minis- result of this interconnected relationship
ter and/or lead to new parliamentary elec- where countries’ economies are closely
tions tied and dependent on each other.
A. Economic Dependency Theory
170. In a parliamentary democracy the head of
the government is typically a part of which B. Globalization
branch? C. Political Economy
A. Executive D. Neoliberalism
B. Judicial
175. Who chooses the Prime Minister in a Par-
C. Tree liamentary system of government?
D. Legislative A. The Electoral College
171. When a leader’s ideas and personality re- B. The Parliament
sult in the state’s power being accepted by C. The King
the public as right ad good.
D. The People
A. Rational-Legal Legitimacy
176. Democratic political system that have
B. Charismatic Legitimacy
been solidly and stably established for an
C. Traditional Legitimacy ample period of time
D. Regime A. Democracy

172. Pride in one’s people and the belief that B. Socialist Democratic
they have their own sovereign destiny C. Consolidated Democracy
that is separate from others is called
D. Authoritarian Regime
A. ethnicism.
177. This political party dominates the politics
B. fascism.
of Northern England; garnering much of
C. fundamentalism. their support from Labour unions, workers,
D. patriotism. and the lower SES population

E. nationalism A. Conservatives
B. Liberal Democrats
173. the geopolitical practice of using capital-
ism, business globalization, and cultural C. Labour Party
imperialism to control a country instead of D. UKIP

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 24

178. A researcher has recently been asked to 181. This political party represents the domi-
give advice about how to increase the per- nant party of modern Russia.
centage of female legislators. She theo- A. Communist
rizes that the electoral system impacts the
B. Open Russia
percentage of female legislators. Given
her theory, choose the proper independent C. A Just Russia
variable, dependent variable, and hypoth- D. United Russia
esis.
182. Why does the state imposed burdens

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. IV:Level of Democracy, DV:Percentage upon the subjects based from the Power
of Female Legislators, H:In democracies of Taxation? Select all that applies.
there will be higher percentages of fe-
male legislators. A. To raise revenue to carry legitimate ob-
jects of the government
B. IV:Electoral System, DV:Percentage
B. To build schools, hospitals, roads and
of Female Legislators, H:In PR systems
other facilities that can access by the peo-
there will be higher percentages of fe-
ple
male legislators.
C. To make the leaders of the state
C. IV:Percentage of Female Legislators, wealthier.
DV:Electoral System, H:In PR systems
there will be higher percentages of fe- D. To regulate and uplift the economic de-
male legislators. velopment of the state.

D. IV:Ballot Type DV:Percentage of fe- 183. A treaty among the US, Mexico and
male legislators, H:When a party uses an Canada that was implemented Jan. 1
open-list there will be more female legis- 1994. It largely eliminates trade barriers
lators. among the three nations.
A. IMF
179. Deep and long lasting political divisions
B. NAFTA
A. Divergent Interests
C. WTO
B. Separation D. NATO
C. Schism
184. In a hypothesis that states that higher
D. Cleavage poverty levels are caused by lower levels
of formal education, what is the indepen-
180. Which of the following is NOT true of cit- dent variable?
izenship?
A. the poverty level
A. It defines an individual’s or a group’s
B. lower levels of formal education
relation to the state.
B. It is purely political. 185. Which of the following are Majoritarian
(M=1) electoral systems:
C. It is more easily changed than ethnic-
ity or national identity. A. Single-member plurality (SMP/D)
B. Second ballot / runoff system
D. It provides the basis for patriotism.
C. Alternative Vote
E. In the modern era, every state auto-
matically grants citizenship to those born D. Single-transferable vote
in their territory. E. All of the above

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 25

186. In a hypothesis that states that higher 190. Define TRADITIONAL LEGITIMACY
poverty levels are caused by lower lev- A. An integrated set of hypotheses, as-
els of formal education, what is the depen-

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sumptions, and facts
dent variable?
B. A nondemocratic regime that is highly
A. the poverty level centralized, possessing some form of
B. lower levels of formal education strong ideology that seeks to transform
and absorb fundamental aspects of state,
187. Define PUBLIC GOODS society, and the economy, using a wide ar-
A. Goods or services that are owned by ray of institutions
an individual or a group, privately or pub- C. Legitimacy that accepts aspects of pol-
licly itics because they have been institutional-
ized over a long period of time
B. An electoral system in which political
parties compete in multimember districts; D. Proposed agreement among twelve
voters choose between parties, and the countries to liberalize trade though re-
seats in the district are awarded propor- duced tariffs and common regulations.
tionally according to the results of the Abandoned by the United States in 2019
vote
191. in 2010, the Duma extended the Presi-
C. Goods, provided or secured by the dential term from 4 to years
state, available to society, and which no
private person or organization can own A. 3

D. A statistical tool that attempts to esti- B. 5

mate the buying power of income across C. 6
different countries by using prices in the D. 7
United States as a benchmark
192. Define POLITBURO
188. The Tea-Party (Conservatives), Black
Lives Matter, the Student NonViolent Co- A. An arrangement whereby a ruler de-
ordination committee (SNCC), all are more pends on a collection of supporters within
formal examples of this concept the state who gain direct benefits in re-
turn for enforcing the ruler’s will
A. Social Class
B. Pride in one’s state
B. Interest Group
C. Literally, restructuring; the policy of
C. Social Movement political and economic liberalization imple-
D. Distributional Politics mented in the Soviet Union in the late
1980s
189. apparent association between varying D. The top policy-making and executive
factors or variables, as opposed to causa- body of a communist party
tion
193. Define SINGLE-MEMBER DISTRICT
A. correlation
A. An electoral district with one seat
B. qualitative
B. (1) A political-economic system in
C. quantitative
which freedom and equality are balanced
D. binding ties through the state’s management of the

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 26

economy and the provision of social ex- B. power is shared between local and
penditures; (2) a political ideology that ad- central government
vocates such a system C. central government
C. State provision of public benefits, such D. There is no government power.
as education, health care, and transporta-
tion 198. Define QUALITATIVE METHOD
D. Complex human organization; a collec- A. Study through an in-depth investiga-
tion of people bound by shared institutions tion of a limited number of cases

NARAYAN CHANGDER
that define how human relations should B. Study through statistical data from
be conducted many cases
194. a field and a method used in political C. A nontariff barrier that limits the quan-
science, characterized by an empirical ap- tity of a good that may be imported into a
proach based on the comparative method country
A. Comparative Politics D. Those with a political attitude that fa-
vors dramatic, often revolutionary change
B. International Politics
C. Global Politics 199. Cleavages that split a society into differ-
ent groups with regard to different issues
D. Geographical Politics
are referred to as
195. Define POLITICAL ATTITUDE A. Stabilizing
A. Description of one’s views regarding B. Coinciding
the speed and methods with which polit- C. Corporatist
ical changes should take place in a given
society D. Subordinate

B. The basic norms for political activity in E. Cross Cutting

a society 200. Define SHOCK THERAPY
C. The study of the interaction between A. A focus on effects rather than causes,
states and markets which can lead to inaccurate conclusions
D. The basic values held by an individual about correlation or causation
about the fundamental goals of politics or B. An executive system that divides
the ideal balance of freedom and equality power between two strong executives, a
president and a prime minister
196. The appropriate order of leadership, from
earliest to most recent is C. The clear division of power among
different branches of government and
A. Putin, Yeltsin, Brezhnev, Lenin, Stalin
the provision that specific branches may
B. Yeltsin, Brezhnev, Stalin, Lenin, Yeltsin check the power of other branches
C. Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev, Putin, Yeltsin D. A process of rapid marketization
D. Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev, Yeltsin, Putin
201. Which term means minimal government
197. Where is the power located in the unitary involvement in economic affairs
government? A. Let it be
A. local/regional governments B. Command

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 27

C. Marxism B. legitimacy
D. Not sure C. civil liberties and rights

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D. rules and laws
202. Define SUPRANATIONAL SYSTEM
E. elections
A. All noneconomic institutions in a soci-
ety (e.g., religion, culture, national iden- 206. In contrast to a Federalist system; Great
tity); these ideas and values derive from Britain was once controlled by the govern-
the base and serve to legitimize the cur- ment in London, solely. This is an example
rent system of exploitation of a
B. An intergovernmental system with its A. Bicameral
own sovereign powers over member B. Authoritarian
states
C. Oligarchy
C. A tax on imported goods
D. Unitary State
D. The use of violence by nonstate ac-
tors against civilians in order to achieve 207. The study of the interaction between the
a politi-cal goal state and the economy How state pol-
icy and processes affect the economy and
203. A system of personnel selection in which how the economy can affect the political
the party in power maintains control by process.
appointing officials to leadership positions
A. Sustainable Development
from within the party itself.
B. Communist Party-State
A. Sylvoki
C. Political Economy
B. Nomenclature
D. Institutional Design
C. Vanguard PArty
208. Political power concentrated in a leader
D. Collectivism
or small elite group. Rules demand abso-
204. LARGE N ANALYSIS. which is the best lute obedience by the ruled. Small elite
definition? with large powers.
A. A research method in which the A. Theocracy
scholar looks deeply into a small number B. Authoritarian Regime
of units of analysis C. Illiberal Democracy
B. A research method in which the D. Military Rule
scholar looks at a large set of units of anal-
ysis 209. Populist parties are those parties located
C. A research method in which the on the right of the political spectrum.
scholar interviews people A. True
D. A research method in which the B. False
scholar reads and takes notes on a wide
210. In a mixed electoral system
variety of books
A. only a portion of the legislature is ever
205. Authoritarian regimes typically lack up for election at any given time
which of the following: B. a portion of seats is selected in winner-
A. a written constitution take-all single-member districts and a

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 28

portion is allocated according to parties 214. A system in which some powers, such as
within multi-member constituencies. making laws and taxing citizens, are given
to local or regional governmental bodies.
C. seats in one chamber are filled
through a winner-take-all system and A. Unitary State
seats in the other chamber are filled B. Federalism
through a proportional representation
system. C. Comparative Politics
D. Rational-Legal Legitimacy

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. seats in one chamber are filled
through a winner-take-all system and 215. A situation brought about in which nation
seats in the other chamber are filled by states rely on each other for various polit-
appointments. ical and economic assets

211. Which of the following describes Russia’s A. meritocracy

geographic setting? B. interdependence
A. It is the second largest country in the C. globalization
world. D. independence
B. It is the largest European country in
216. Global institution with the mandate to
population.
‘foster global monetary cooperation, se-
C. It spans fifteen time zones. cure financial stability, facilitate interna-
D. It is resource poor. tional trade ‘
A. IMF
212. We have judicial system to:- B. NAFTA
A. To enforce the rule law C. WTO
B. To provide freedom D. NATO
C. To provide food 217. legal process by which an arbiter or judge
D. None of these reviews evidence and argumentation in-
cluding legal reasoning set forth by oppos-
213. CASE STUDY. which is the best defini- ing parties or litigants to come to a deci-
tion? sion which determines rights and obliga-
tions between the parties involved.
A. A research method in which the
scholar looks deeply into a small number A. judicial review
of units of analysis B. adjudicate
B. A research method in which the C. legal review
scholar looks at a large set of units of anal-
D. judicial discretion
ysis
C. A research method in which the 218. The doctrine that grants the legislature
scholar interviews people the power to make or overturn any law
and permits no veto or judicial review
D. A research method in which the
scholar reads and takes notes on a wide A. Federalism
variety of books B. Checks and Balances

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 29

C. Separation of Powers 224. A political party that claims to operate

D. Parliamentary Sovereignty in the ‘true’ interest of the group or class
that it purports to represent.

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219. According to the power of judicial review A. Political Party
A. courts can amend the Constitution. B. Vanguard Party
B. courts can write laws. C. West Coast Party
C. courts can dissolve the national legis- D. Third Party
lature.
D. courts can declare a law unconstitu- 225. The single term allowed to an individual
tional. serving as president in Mexico is called
E. courts can remove the president.
A. Sexennium
220. 80%+ of the population in the Russian
B. Cauldron
Federation is composed of this ethnicity
C. Clique
A. Tatar
D. Parastatals
B. Chuvash
C. Bashkir 226. Define REPUBLICANISM
D. Ethnic Russia A. Indirect democracy that emphasizes
the separation of powers within a state
221. The driving force in Capitalism. and the representation of the public
A. Providing things for free through elected officials
B. Making Profit B. Theory of development in which the ex-
C. Spreading wealth evenly istence of natural resources in a given
state is a barrier to modernization and
D. none of above democracy
222. A government or state ruled by religious C. Public seizure of the state in order
authority. Legal system based on religious to overturn the existing government and
law. regime
A. Democracy D. A system in which all individuals and
groups, including those in government,
B. Monarchy
are subject to the law, irrespective of their
C. Theocracy power or authority
D. Theology
227. Following WWII, most Britons and all ma-
223. Created by Parliament to put govt and jor political parties agreed that govern-
private interests together on policy mak- ments should work to Narrow gap be-
ing board tween rich/poor
A. Bureaucracy A. Socialism
B. Quangos B. Welfare
C. Agencies C. Collective Consensus
D. Whitehall D. Conservativism

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 30

228. political system in which the state holds A. Legislature

total authority over the society and seeks
B. Executive
to control all aspects of public and private
life whenever necessary. C. Bureaucracy
A. cult of personality D. Judiciary
B. radicalism
233. Countries whose political systems ex-
C. totalitarianism hibit some democratic and some authori-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. authoritarianism tarian elements
229. A state in which most political power ex- A. Democracy
ists at a national level. B. Mixed Systems
A. Federal State
C. Authoritarian regime
B. Unitary State
D. Consolidated Democracy
C. Equal State
D. Weak State 234. Ethnic identity or ethnicity is a
230. What are NOT the characteristics of To- A. racial makeup of a nation.
talitarianism B. common language and location that
A. Frequent mobilization of the popula- unites a state.
tion
C. set of institutions that bind people to-
B. Recourse to terror gether through common culture.
C. A total grip of the state on its citizens D. set of institutions that bind people to-
D. has a democratic parliamentary gether around common political aspira-
tions.
231. institutions, relationships, and norms
that shape the quality and quantity of a E. decision by certain governments to
society’s social interactions. Increasing ev- place people into social hierarchies.
idence shows that social cohesion is critical
for societies to prosper economically and 235. What is NOT considered as the Asian Val-
for development to be sustainable. ues
A. Social Capital A. well-defined family structure
B. Globalization B. individualism
C. Social Contract C. respect for political authority
D. Society
D. society above self
232. An organization structured hierarchically
in which lower-level officials are charged 236. Which office today is the executive
with administering regulations codified in branch of China?
rules. A. Premier
B. President
C. Chairman
D. Emperor

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 31

237. The key difference between communism C. Free Enterprise

and social democracy (or socialism) is that D. Democracy

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A. communism focuses solely on promot-
ing individual freedom; socialism seeks to 241. Define POLITICAL CULTURE
balance freedom and equality. A. Description of one’s views regarding
B. communism conceives of the state as the speed and methods with which polit-
a vital instrument to express national will; ical changes should take place in a given
socialism argues that all governmental society
structures should be abandoned. B. The basic norms for political activity in
C. both strive for economic equality, but a society
socialism accepts private ownership and C. The study of the interaction between
market forces. states and markets
D. communism argues for a centrally D. The basic values held by an individual
planned economy to prevent inequalities; about the fundamental goals of politics or
socialism focuses solely on promoting in- the ideal balance of freedom and equality
dividual freedom.
242. In what economic system does the gov-
E. communism favors greater state in-
ernment exert the most control over peo-
volvement in the economy; socialism ar-
ples choices?
gues that all governmental structures
should be abandoned. A. Capitalism

238. Define PROLETARIAT B. Communism

A. Characterized by a set of values that C. Traditional

center on “quality of life” considerations D. none of above
and give less attention to material gain
243. Race, Religion, Ethnicity, Socio-Economic-
B. The ability to influence others or im- Status, and more can be seen as examples
pose one’s will on them of wedge issues that can lead to
C. A political system in which the roles of A. Quangos
head of state and head of government are
combined in one executive office B. Hung Parliament
D. The working class C. Societal Change
D. Social Cleavage
239. Oligarchs are
A. Religious Leaders 244. Define PROPERTY
B. Members of the Duma A. Goods or services that are owned by
an individual or a group, privately or pub-
C. Presidential Advisors
licly
D. The Ultra Rich of Russia
B. An electoral system in which political
240. Type of Economic System found in the parties compete in multimember districts;
United States? voters choose between parties, and the
seats in the district are awarded propor-
A. Communism tionally according to the results of the
B. Socialism vote

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 32

C. Goods, provided or secured by the 249. A country that shares power between
state, available to society, and which no the central government and regional gov-
private person or organization can own ernments is:
D. A statistical tool that attempts to esti- A. A Federation
mate the buying power of income across B. A Democracy
different countries by using prices in the
United States as a benchmark C. A Unitary government
D. A Confederation

NARAYAN CHANGDER
245. NATION. which is the best definition?
250. When is Nigerian independence
A. A political/legal organization that has
control over a territory A. October 1st, 1963
B. A form of political identity. Members B. October 1st, 1960
may or may not be part of a state C. January 1st, 1970
C. A bounded territory D. June 7th, 1960
D. A loosely held together group of peo- 251. Which of the following is the best de-
ple living within a set terriitory scription of the type of political system
out in place by the Russian Constitution of
246. Which country is ruled by a socialist
1993?
regime?
A. a presidential system
A. Taiwan
B. a parliamentary system
B. India
C. a socialist market system
C. Cuba
D. a direct democracy
D. Myanmar
252. What are NOT the characteristic of devel-
247. Who is the current leader of China? opmental state (choose three)
A. Mao Zedong A. the role of society is strong
B. Chiang Kai Shek B. strong state intervention
C. � jinping C. powerful, competent and insulated
economic bureaucrac
D. Kim Jong Un
D. Export-led Economic Development
248. You are a member of a “mainstream po- Strategy
litical party” therefore, you must belong
to which party(ies):Following, I will ask 253. What is State?
which “traditional cleavage” is associated A. A part of the earth’s land surface
with your party. which is organized under a government
A. The Far Right and has boundaries.
B. A society governed by tradition
B. The Social Democrats
C. An ethnic group occupying a certain
C. The Christian Democrats
area
D. The Liberals D. A group of people working for the com-
E. The Greens mon goal

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 33

254. He has been the Supreme Leader since by the people leading to equal social and
1989 after Khomeini passed away economic status is called

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A. Ali Hosseini Khomeini A. Socialism
B. Hassan Rohani B. Communism
C. Mahmoud Hamdingad C. Democracy
D. Ali Al-Sistani D. Anarchy

255. With the Prime Minister serving as 259. Which country below that are not Liberal
a member of Parliament, the govern- Democracy
ment sees the executive and legislative A. United States
branches merged / rather than separate
B. United Kingdom
as we have it in the States This is an
example of C. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
A. Unitary State D. Kingdom of Spain
B. Fusion of Powers 260. What was the main research question in
C. Constitutional Monarchy the Sumo Freakanomics example?
D. Cabinet Government A. Why does a Sumo wrestler cheat?
B. When does a Sumo wrestler cheat?
256. Define RATIONAL CHOICE
C. What are the rules of Sumo wrestling?
A. Approach that assumes that individu-
als weigh the costs and benefits and make D. Do Sumo wrestlers cheat?
choices to maximize their benefits
261. The largest category of ‘lord’ that sit in
B. Legitimacy based on a system of laws the House of Lords would be
and procedures that are highly institution-
A. The Lords Spiritual
alized
B. Life Peers
C. Those who seek to restore the institu-
tions of a real or an imagined earlier order C. Hereditary Peers
D. A national vote called by a government D. MP’s
to address a specific proposal, often a
262. an electoral district or constituency hav-
change to the constitution
ing a single representative in a legislative
257. Countries which have well established body rather than two or more
democratic governments and a high level A. HDI
of economic development
B. GDP
A. Advanced Democracy
C. PPP
B. Quasi Democracy D. SMD
C. NIC
263. Define STATE-SPONSORED TERRORISM
D. Illiberal Democracy
A. The ability of a state to carry out ac-
258. Form of government in which the state tions or policies within a territory indepen-
controls all property and capital while dently from external actors or internal ri-
claiming that all goods are equally shared vals

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 34

B. (1) The organization that maintains a A. It has exacerbated ethnic tensions.

monopoly of force over a given territory;
B. It has resolved the issue with Kashmir.
(2) a set of political institutions to gener-
ate and execute policy regarding freedom C. It has created more opportunities for
and equality corruption.
C. Terrorism supported directly by a D. It has created a central government
state as an instrument of foreign policy with considerable autonomy.
D. A state that is able to fulfill basic tasks, E. It has contributed to a Hindi-only

NARAYAN CHANGDER
such as defending territory, making and nation-state identity.
enforcing rules, collecting taxes, and man-
aging the economy 267. Nigeria is a major exporter of what?

264. A term used to describe govt. policies

aiming to promote free competition among
business firms within the market; reducing
govt. regulation and social spending

A. agriculture
B. coal
C. oil
D. none of the above
A. Keynesianism
268. Which of these terms refers to an in-
B. Liberalism
dependent country whose people mostly
C. Neoliberalism share a common identity?
D. Comparativism

265. Members of the cabinet will not vote on

legislation they help to craft. They will
also not speak out against the PM. This
is known as
A. Parliamentary Democracy
B. Cabinet Government
C. Collective Responsibility
D. Constitutional Monarchy

266. To try to deal with its extreme diversity, A. a colonial empire

India has created a system of asymmetric B. ethnic group
federalism, which has devolved power dif-
C. nation-state
ferently across its states. What has been
one consequence of this decision? D. plural society

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 35

269. comprise the largest ethnic minority C. A nontariff barrier that limits the quan-
group. tity of a good that may be imported into a
country

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A. Chechens
D. Those with a political attitude that fa-
B. Tatar
vors dramatic, often revolutionary change
C. Ukrainian
274. A liberal democracy would be character-
D. Jews ized as having
270. Good democracy requires a strong civic A. high autonomy.
participation from citizen B. weak institutions.
A. True C. an equal society.
B. False D. many freedoms and rights.
C. Sometimes is false E. no government interference.
D. mostly false 275. Define RENT SEEKING

271. Define TERRORISM A. The fundamental rules and norms of

politics, embodying long-term goals re-
A. All noneconomic institutions in a soci- garding individual freedom and collective
ety (e.g., religion, culture, national iden- equality, where power should reside, and
tity); these ideas and values derive from the use of that power
the base and serve to legitimize the cur-
B. A rule or an order that sets the bound-
rent system of exploitation
aries of a given procedure
B. An intergovernmental system with its C. Model that predicts revolution when
own sovereign powers over member public expectations outpace the rate of do-
states mestic change
C. A tax on imported goods D. A process in which political leaders es-
D. The use of violence by nonstate ac- sentially rent out parts of the state to their
tors against civilians in order to achieve patrons, who as a result control public
a politi-cal goal goods that would otherwise be distributed
in a nonpolitical manner
272. Power, or the state’s ability to carry out
actions and policies within its own terri- 276. Which economic system do individuals
tory without the help of external actors. and businesses make the economic deci-
sions in?
A. Freedom
A. Command
B. Equality
B. Free Market
C. Sovereignty
C. Not sure
D. Policy D. none of above
273. Define QUANTITATIVE METHOD 277. What is a nation-state?
A. Study through an in-depth investiga- A. A tribe that create a nation
tion of a limited number of cases B. High coincidence between the terri-
B. Study through statistical data from tory occupied by a nation and that which
many cases is organized as a state-A nation which has

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 36

its own political structure for the territory C. PPP

it occupies. D. Single Member District
C. State that monopoly a nation
282. Define SOVEREIGNTY
D. Nation with many states
A. The ability of a state to carry out ac-
278. The branch of a government that ‘makes tions or policies within a territory indepen-
the laws’ they are either elected or ap- dently from external actors or internal ri-
pointed. vals

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. (1) The organization that maintains a
monopoly of force over a given territory;
(2) a set of political institutions to gener-
ate and execute policy regarding freedom
and equality
C. Terrorism supported directly by a
A. Executive Branch state as an instrument of foreign policy
B. Judiciary D. A state that is able to fulfill basic tasks,
C. Legislature such as defending territory, making and
enforcing rules, collecting taxes, and man-
D. Bureaucracy aging the economy
279. NORMATIVE ANALYSIS. which is the 283. What do you think is the benefit of com-
best definition? parison? Which is the most?
A. Analysis that is dependent upon ob- A. tell the difference
servable and testable facts
B. tell the similarities
B. Analysis that is dependent upon con-
C. Tell me what should be used.
sidering how politics ought to be done
D. All correct.
C. Analysis that is dependent upon num-
bers alone 284. A form of democracy based on the
D. Analysis that is dependent upon opin- supreme authority of Parliament and the
ion accountability of its elected representa-
tives.
280. The head part of the communist party in
A. Democracy
Russia
B. Presidential Model
A. Politburo
C. Parliamentary Model
B. Vladimir Putin
D. Westminster Model
C. Central Military Commission
D. Nomenclature 285. A global international organization that
oversees the ‘rules of trade’ among its
281. An election result in which one candidate member states A forum to negotiate
receives more votes than any other candi- new trade agreements a resolve disputes
date. May or may not be majority
A. Proportional Representation A. IMF
B. Plurality B. NAFTA

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 37

C. WTO A. Interest Relationships

D. NATO B. Clientelism

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286. State has the exclusive title and prerog- C. Prebendalism
ative to exercise supreme power over all
its people and territory. D. Patron-Client Relationships

A. TRUE 290. Define SELECTION BIAS

B. FALSE
A. A focus on effects rather than causes,
287. Which of the following accurately com- which can lead to inaccurate conclusions
pares political ideologies? about correlation or causation
A. Populism is a nationalist ideology that B. An executive system that divides
favors authoritarian rule, while neoliber- power between two strong executives, a
alism is the belief in limited governmental president and a prime minister
intervention in the economy.
C. The clear division of power among
B. Communism is the belief that govern- different branches of government and
ment should play no role in the economy, the provision that specific branches may
while fascism is the extreme nationalist check the power of other branches
ideology that favors authoritarian rule and
the rights of the ethnic majority over that D. A process of rapid marketization
of ethnic minorities and the political oppo-
sition. 291. Putin uses a unified, hierarchical struc-
ture of executive power, ranging from the
C. Individualism is the belief in individual
national to the local level. This is
civil liberties and freedom over govern-
ment restrictions, while populism is a po- A. Federal System
litical philosophy that supports the inter-
ests and rights of the common people over B. Power Vertical
that of the elites. C. Nomenclature
D. Neoliberalism is the belief in the abo- D. Sylvoki
lition of private property, while socialism
is the belief in the nationalization of major
292. The President has the power to do all the
private industries.
following except
288. The methods by which citizens and A. Conduct the Country’s internal and ex-
groups express their desires and make de- ternal policies, including signing all inter-
mands upon the government national treaties, laws and agreements
A. interest group
B. Draw up the annual budget and super-
B. interest conveyance vise economic matters
C. interest aggregation C. Appoint members to the Assembly of
D. interest articulation Experts
289. Patron offers client some benefit. Patron D. Propose legislation to the Majiles
has more power and resources and can con-
vice the masses to follow them 293. What is the official language in Nigeria?

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 38

298. Define REACTIONARIES

A. Approach that assumes that individu-
als weigh the costs and benefits and make
choices to maximize their benefits
B. Legitimacy based on a system of laws
and procedures that are highly institution-
alized
A. french

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Those who seek to restore the institu-
B. arabic
tions of a real or an imagined earlier order
C. english
D. A national vote called by a government
D. spanish to address a specific proposal, often a
E. none of the above change to the constitution

294. Which of the following is NOT discussed 299. Parliamentary systems of Government
as a political ideology? are known for their separation of powers
A. liberalism between the branches of government.

B. communism A. True
C. anarchism B. False
D. fascism
300. The House of Lords can do all of the fol-
E. conservatism lowing with legislation, EXCEPT

295. True or False:There are elements of social- A. Veto the Bill

ism mixed in with our capitalistic society B. Amend the Bill
A. True
C. Debate the Bill
B. False
D. Delay Passage
296. Government actions or advice about the
economy. Such as production means of pro- 301. A territorial unit controlled by a single
duction etc state
A. Political Economy
B. Legitimacy
C. Political Party
D. Informal Economy

297. The Rajya Sabha meetings are presided

by
A. The Prime Minister A. State

B. The Speaker B. Nation-State

C. The Vice-President C. Country
D. Both Speaker and the Vice President D. Territory

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 39

302. The study and comparison of domestic 307. Which system of Government is known
politics across countries. for votes of “No Confidence”?

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A. Comparative Politics A. Monarchies
B. Failed States B. Presidential
C. Unitary States C. Communist
D. Government D. Parliamentary
303. A process or record of research in which 308. The due process of law might be observe
detailed consideration is given to the de- when acquiring a private property accord-
velopment of a particular matter over a ing to the Power of Eminent Domain.
period of time
A. TRUE
A. correlation
B. FALSE
B. qualitative study
309. What are common type of democracy?
C. case study
A. Godly democracy
D. quantitative study
B. Liberal democracy
304. resigned as Prime Minister following
the British Referendum to the leave the Eu- C. Christian Democracy
ropean Union is the Current PM. D. Islamic democracy
A. Winston Churchill / Margaret Thatcher 310. The percentage of voters that turnout
B. Theresa May / David Cameron during a British election is most close to
C. Prince William / Nigel Farage
D. David Cameron / Theresa May A. 30%
B. 45%
305. Nigel Farage and this party have led the
way for the British Exit of the European C. 60%
Union D. 80%
A. Conservative
311. Mexico has an elected president and leg-
B. UKIP islative body. What type of government
C. GREEN is this?
D. Labour A. Representative democracy
B. Absolute monarchy
306. The development of ethnic and national
identities paved the way for , the no- C. Dictatorship
tion that the state and the people are D. Socialism
bound by a set of mutual responsibilities.
A. liberalism 312. Define PERESTROIKA

B. capitalism A. An arrangement whereby a ruler de-

pends on a collection of supporters within
C. nationalism the state who gain direct benefits in re-
D. patriotism turn for enforcing the ruler’s will
E. citizenship B. Pride in one’s state

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 40

C. Literally, restructuring; the policy of 317. Define SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM

political and economic liberalization imple- A. A focus on effects rather than causes,
mented in the Soviet Union in the late which can lead to inaccurate conclusions
1980s about correlation or causation
D. The top policy-making and executive B. An executive system that divides
body of a communist party power between two strong executives, a
president and a prime minister
313. Every country that has regularly sched-
uled elections is a Democracy. C. The clear division of power among

NARAYAN CHANGDER
different branches of government and
A. True
the provision that specific branches may
B. False check the power of other branches
314. a political party seeking to attract people D. A process of rapid marketization
with diverse viewpoints and thus appeal 318. Define UNICAMERAL SYSTEM
to more of the electorate
A. A political system in which the legisla-
A. Liberal Party ture comprises one house
B. Conservative Party B. A state in which most political power
C. Catch all party exists at the national level, with limited lo-
D. Democratic Party cal authority
C. Lenin’s argument that an elite commu-
315. In the Butterfly Ballot reading, Brady et nist party would have to carry out revo-
al. analyzed whether or not there was lution, because as a result of false con-
systemic voter error that led to higher sciousness, historical conditions would
than normal support for Pat Buchanan in not automatically lead to capitalism’s
the 2000 US Presidential election. Please demise
choose the correct statement:If the theory
D. Vote taken by a legislature as to
that where to punch on the ballot was un-
whether its members continue to support
clear caused higher voting for Buchanan,
the current prime minister; depending on
we should see:
the country, a vote of no confidence can
A. Butterfly ballot voters voting at a force the resignation of the prime minis-
higher rate for Buchanan. ter and/or lead to new parliamentary elec-
B. Absentee ballot voters voting at a tions
higher rate for Buchanan. 319. Which religion is part of Russian culture?
C. Non-butterfly ballots showing higher A. Pentecostal
rate for Buchanan.
B. Eastern Orthodoxy
D. None of the above.
C. Judaism
316. When the service sector makes more than D. Muslim
the manufacturing sector of the economy
320. conceptualized as individuals’ identifica-
A. post-modernist
tions of, identifications with, or attach-
B. NIC ment to certain groups.
C. post-industrialism A. state identity
D. industrialized B. cultural identity

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 41

C. national identity 325. In Parliamentary systems, the PM is:

D. collective identity A. Directly elected through national elec-
tion

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321. a system of interest representation in B. Elected by the legislature
which certain groups are officially recog-
nized by the state in exchange for accep- C. Nominated by the legislature, then di-
tance of state control and regulations rectly elected through national election
D. Appointed by the President
A. Interest Group
B. Interest Aggregation 326. Who appoint chief justice of India?

C. Corporatism A. Prime Minister

B. President
D. Corruption
C. Chief Minister
322. How is Mexico’s system of government D. Governor of India
similar to the United States system of gov-
ernment? 327. Market value of all officially recognized
final goods and services within a country
A. They both have 2 branches of govern-
in a given period.
ment
A. HDI
B. The president serves a single term of
6 years B. PPP

C. They both have 3 branches of Govern- C. GNP

ment D. GDP
D. The president serves a 4 year term 328. One of the Administrative function of the
with the possibility of serving a second 4 speaker;
year term
A. presides meetings.
323. The Economic belief that the market nat- B. admits the press and media
urally fluctuates between boom and bust C. suspend the member
cycles and the government must use pol-
icy to stabilize the market cycle D. None of the above

A. Keynesian Economics 329. The intensification of worldwide inter-

connectedness associated with the in-
B. Economy
creased speed and magnitude of cross-
C. Political Economy border flows of trade, investments as well
as cultural exchange, diffusion, etc.
D. Informal Economy

324. The Supreme court was established on:-

A. 1950
B. 1949
C. 1962
D. 1980

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 42

A. Globalization B. Communal Farms

B. Culture C. Clientelistic Networks
C. Collectivism D. McDonalds
D. Critical Juncture 334. the totality of socially transmitted behav-
ior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, reli-
330. The body of officials who direct executive
gion, cuisine, language, and all other prod-
departments presided over by the chief ex-
ucts of human work and thought in a group
ecutive (President, Prime Minister, etc.)

NARAYAN CHANGDER
or society
A. interest
B. state
C. culture
D. nation
335. The policy that states that separation of
the state and the church shall be inviolable
can be found on;
A. Executive
A. Section 5
B. Cabinet
B. Section 6
C. Legislature
C. Section 1
D. Judiciary
D. Section 7
331. an organized community living under a
336. Known as the Iron Lady, she served as
unified political system, the government.
PM from 1979-1991
A. state
A. Margaret Thatcher
B. nation
B. Susan Partridge
C. nation-state C. Judy Dench
D. country D. Meryl Streep
332. Putin’s offering resources/benefits, to 337. All of the following are factors of produc-
lower level officials, in exchange for sup- tion except
port, loyalty, etc That is an example
of A. Land & Resources
B. Capital
A. Nomenclature
C. Labor
B. Sylvoki
D. Business degree
C. Clientelistic Network
D. Collectivism 338. A form of Government headed by a king
or queen
333. Privately owned companies that are man-
A. Democracy
aged by government officials. They have
become part of the patrimonial state in B. Authoritarian
Nigeria C. Dictatorship
A. Parastatal D. Monarchy

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 43

339. control by force with absence of strong 344. How many levels of court are there in In-
constitutional traditional influence. Mili- dia?a. Threeb. Twoc. Noned. One
tary is key role when the civil government

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A. One
breaks down.
B. Two
A. State Rule
C. three
B. Rule of Law
C. Nationalism D. None

D. Military Rule 345. Currently, regional governors are

340. A sign of weak democratization in Russia A. elected by regional legislators.
can be seen in the fact that B. popularly elected, with the require-
A. voter turnout has been low. ment that a candidate’s nomination is
B. no new parties have been formed supported by a certain number of local
since the creation of United Russia. deputies or officials.

C. although the country has held regular C. appointed by the Russian parliament.
elections, Russia has yet to experience a D. popularly elected, although all candi-
real transfer of power from one political dates must be approved by the Russian
grouping to another. president prior to the election.
D. new parties cannot be formed without
346. When you do not need 50% +1 votes to
the consent of the government.
win an election; rather, you need the most
341. Define QUOTA It is called a election
A. Study through an in-depth investiga- A. Horse Race
tion of a limited number of cases B. First to the Post
B. Study through statistical data from
C. Majority
many cases
D. HyperPluralist
C. A nontariff barrier that limits the quan-
tity of a good that may be imported into a 347. During this period, there was a general
country benefit to living standard of the British cit-
D. Those with a political attitude that fa- izen; enlarging the middle class Thus,
vors dramatic, often revolutionary change there was a need to increase the size of
the electorate, 3 times in the 19th century
342. A coalition or cooperative arrangement (1832, 1867 & 1884)
between political parties to promote a mu-
tual interest. A. Industrial Revolution
A. interest group B. Glorious Revolution
B. autarky C. French Revolution
C. cartel D. American Revolution
D. aggregation
348. This population represents Putin’s politi-
343. MPs are members of cal base
A. The House of Commons A. Slavophile
B. The House of Lords B. Westerner

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 44

C. Globalist B. radicals believe in dramatic change in

D. Patrons the current political order; liberals are
skeptical of change and support maintain-
349. An elected or appointed official of the ing the current political structures.
state who is in charge of the government C. radicals argue for a return to previ-
and its administrative apparatus (e.g., pre- ously established political structures; lib-
mier, prime minister, chancellor, or, in erals argue that all governmental struc-
some states, president). tures should be abandoned.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Regime D. radicals argue that current political
B. Head of Government structures should be maintained; liber-
als argue that all governmental structures
C. Head of State
should be abandoned.
D. Fusion of Powers
E. radicals believe in dramatic change in
350. One approach is to focus on issues the current political order; liberals argue
that require value judgments. for a return to previously established po-
litical structures.
A. normative
B. empirical 353. What is distinction between state and so-
ciety (Choose two correct answers)
C. correlation
A. society and the state is the same
D. causation
B. state creates society
351. Analyzing political decision making and C. State is sovereign, society is not
behavior that assumes that individual ac-
tors rationally pursue their aims in an ef- D. State evolves from kingdom, Society
fort to achieve the most positive net re- from tribe
sult. 354. In a Unitary Government, political author-
ity rests in the hands of both central and
local governments.
A. True
B. False

355. CORRELATION. which is the best defini-

A. Rational Choice Theory tion?
B. Middle Level Theory A. The absense of any relationship
amongst factors/variables
C. Democratic Transition
B. The existence of randomness amongst
D. Causal theories two or more factors/variables
352. The major difference between radicals C. The existence of a relationship be-
and liberals is that tween two or more factors/variables
A. radicals believe in dramatic change in D. A relationship between two or more
the current political order; liberals be- factors/variable in which one (or more)
lieve in change, but within existing politi- of those factors/variable leads to the out-
cal structures. come of the other(s)

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 45

356. Type of government controlled by one A. Rights of the minority are not re-
person or a small group of people: spected

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A. Presidential B. Equality of all persons before the law
B. Democracy C. Individual freedom
C. Unitary D. Necessity of compromise
D. Dictatorship 362. Boko Haram is a terrorist group that has
taken over which part of Nigeria?
357. Who was the president in 2010
A. SW
A. Anthony Eremosele Enahoro
B. SE
B. Goodluck Jonathan
C. NO
C. Muhammadu Buhari D. NW
D. none of above
363. This Soviet leader allowed more social
358. Removing Property from governmental and political freedoms.
control and opening it to private citizen A. Mikhail Gorbachev
control
B. Catherine the Great
A. Nationalization
C. Nikita Khrushchev
B. Privatization D. Josef Stalin
C. Marketization
364. Define reference
D. Institution
A. Approach that assumes that individu-
359. A person who wishes to enact rapid po- als weigh the costs and benefits and make
litical change to revert to a value system choices to maximize their benefits
from the past would be considered a B. Legitimacy based on a system of laws
A. radical and procedures that are highly institution-
alized
B. liberal
C. Those who seek to restore the institu-
C. conservative tions of a real or an imagined earlier order
D. reactionary D. A national vote called by a government
to address a specific proposal, often a
360. attempting to explain all social phe- change to the constitution
nomenon in terms of how self-interested
individuals make choices under the influ- 365. With no clear majority in Parliament
ence of their preferences. (House of Commons), the past PM’s have
A. Game Theory had to rely on a government Con-
sisting of the Conservative and Liberal
B. Aggregation Theory Democratic parties
C. Rational Choice Theory A. Coalition
D. Comparative Theory B. NeoLiberal
361. Which of the following is NOT a basic con- C. Democratic
cept of democracy? D. Pluralist

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 46

366. The Legislative Branch includes which 370. , one measure of economic wealth,
body(s)? compares the different costs of living
across countries.
A. Duma
A. the Gini index
B. Constiutional Court
B. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
C. House of Lords
C. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
D. Federation Council D. GDP per capita

NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. Human Development Index (HDI)
367. Define RADICALS
A. Study through an in-depth investiga- 371. An approach to economic policy that as-
tion of a limited number of cases sumes a natural rate of unemployment de-
termined by the labor market rejects
B. Study through statistical data from the instruments of govt. spending / run
many cases deficits to stimulate the economy or create
C. A nontariff barrier that limits the quan- jobs
tity of a good that may be imported into a A. Neoliberalism
country B. Keynesianism
D. Those with a political attitude that fa- C. Monetarism
vors dramatic, often revolutionary change
D. Macroeconomic policy
368. Define PARTY-STATE 372. The inherent right of a government to
rule over and act on behalf of those it gov-
A. A process by which a firm moves some
erns
of its work to a secondary business out-
side the home country that can do the A. Power
work more efficiently or cheaply B. Ability
B. Industry partially owned by the state C. Authority
C. A political system in which the roles of D. Legitimacy
head of state and head of government are 373. Unlike a President. The prime minister is
assigned to separate executive offices a part of which branch of government?
D. A political system in which power flows A. Executive
directly from the ruling political party (usu-
B. Judicial
ally a communist party) to the state, by-
passing government structures C. Legislative
D. Prime Branch
369. conceptualized as individuals’ identifica-
tions of, identifications with, or attach- 374. Where the legislative and executive
ment to certain groups. branches are fused. The PM is born out
of the legislative
A. state identity
A. Hybrid System
B. cultural identity B. Presidential System
C. national identity C. Parliamentary System
D. collective identity D. Authoritarian System

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 47

375. This appointed body, has the power to 380. In CLPR systems legislators are account-
approve candidates to run for office, along able to and there is party disci-
with the Supreme Leader pline.

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A. Majiles A. their constituents, high
B. Assembly of Experts B. their party, low
C. Guardian Council C. their constituents, low
D. Expediency Council D. their party, high

376. True or False:Once done with the natural- 381. Which is true about the Police Power?
ization process immigrants are legal but Choose all that applies.
have no citizen rights A. This power is based on the legal maxim
“salus populi est suprema lex”
A. True
B. It is founded on the obligation of the
B. False
State to provide protection for its citizens
377. a set of concepts in the social sciences and the safety and good order of society.
and political theory centered on models C. It is founded on which our social sys-
of social stratification in which people are tem rests and has for its object the im-
grouped into a set of hierarchical social cat- provement of social and economic condi-
egories tions affecting the community.
A. country D. It means used are reasonably neces-
B. consensus sary for the purpose, and not unduly op-
pressive upon individuals
C. cleavage
382. Define REGULATION
D. class
A. The fundamental rules and norms of
378. Define POSTMODERN politics, embodying long-term goals re-
A. Characterized by a set of values that garding individual freedom and collective
center on “quality of life” considerations equality, where power should reside, and
and give less attention to material gain the use of that power
B. A rule or an order that sets the bound-
B. The ability to influence others or im-
aries of a given procedure
pose one’s will on them
C. Model that predicts revolution when
C. A political system in which the roles of
public expectations outpace the rate of do-
head of state and head of government are
mestic change
combined in one executive office
D. A process in which political leaders es-
D. The working class sentially rent out parts of the state to their
379. Who is the head of the state in the UK? patrons, who as a result control public
goods that would otherwise be distributed
A. the president in a nonpolitical manner
B. the Queen
383. The ‘Shadow Government’ is known as
C. the Prime Minister the
D. none of above A. Majority Party

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1.1 COMPARATIVE POLITICS 48

B. Opposition Party A. Loudness

C. Backbenchers
B. Perestroika
D. Governing Body
C. Detente
384. What Cold War policy allowed a little bit
of capitalism in to the USSR? D. Dig

NARAYAN CHANGDER

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