Biomedical Research 2017; 28 (11): 4979-4985 ISSN 0970-938X

www.biomedres.info

Design and development of low investment smart hospital using internet of

things through innovative approaches.
Patan Rizwan1, Rajasekhara Babu M1*, Suresh K2
1School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India
2Department of CSE, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Rajampet, Kadapa (Dt), Andhra Pradesh,
India

Abstract
Currently smart hospitals are very few as well as very expansive. The cost of these smart hospital set up
can be reduced by deploying Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is booming technology in many fields for
smart environments. This paper presents an innovative technical support for development of smart
hospitals with low investment. Automation in dealing with medical things reduces the human
intervention. Patient remote monitoring system monitors the chronic disease patient’s health condition
continuously and generates alerts during abnormal situations of patient’s health. A Patient remote
monitoring system includes wearable devices which are developed by using Internet of Things. The
wearable devices track the patients’ health condition continuously. In addition, the hospital beds
equipped with sensors that measure patient’s vital signs that can be converted to deploy as Internet of
Medical Things (IoMT) technology. Finally, the proposed model built with very limited capital that
provides better service for all kind of peoples.

Keywords: Smart hospitals, Internet of things, Wireless sensors, Real-time device control.
Accepted on March 30, 2017

Introduction never been greater. The increased focus on value-based care is

shifting financial incentives to a model in which providers are
In a hospital, the Internet of Things (IoT) is made up of compensated based on how their patients fare, rather than by
Internet Protocol (IP) addressable communications and sensor the number of tests [1], number of visits, or performed
systems, medical devices, hospital information systems and procedures. This means that patients, providers and everyone
building systems, such as the electronic medical record. These in between are additional eager than ever to measure patient
are all integrated through an enterprise service bus that allows outcomes in order to determine what works and who gets paid.
all of these disparate systems to exchange data with each other
and with staff, healthcare providers and patients. The Internet Figure 1 shows that common hospital required facilities. It
of Medical Things (IoMT) is fundamentally changing the shows clearly category wise support required to the patients as
delivery of healthcare by information exchange and unifying well as hospital staffs. In this frame work showing their
communications in unparalleled ways, and delivering the right highlight boxes type of support required. This all are clearly
information and resources at the right time to the point of care. categorized in the diagrams form patient entry to leaving from
The grouping of bidirectional communication between building the hospital, what type of facilities to be required for reducing
systems, clinical and business, the operation of smart, semi- their delay, providing feasibility. To becoming a smart in
autonomous sensor networks or devices and the usage of everywhere in hospital. By our clear study, find an issue that
analytics inside a hospital generates endless possibilities for the now current smart hospitals [2] are very limited as well as
growth of smart, effective and efficient hospital processes. expansive. It is not serve all categories of peoples. Most
probably most of the people interacting with hospitals very
Healthcare devices and their setups are become a significantly frequently. In their financial status supports or not they need to
more complex, a growing challenge presenting for the bring money somewhere to clear that health issue. In hospitals,
Information Technology (IT) staff to support them. Rather than manual system is creating headache to the patient’s fast-fall
thinking solely in terms of bandwidth and device counts, disease is one headache and this system is creating another
administrations must now reconsider their approach to rethink annoyance. Common people financial status not supports to
how best to apply business intelligence to the network and visit corporate smart hospitals. Although the Internet of Things
medical device support. The importance of data in delivering is transformational in the health care sector, it also presents a
efficient, effective health care has long been obvious and has number of challenges given that health data is sensitive. There

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is no doubt that the Internet of Things is transforming the to significantly enhance residents' social insurance. In this
healthcare industry completely by redefining how apps, field, among the few research exercises as of now displayed in
devices and people connect and interact with each other in the writing, those related on the utilization of the UHF RFID
delivering healthcare solutions. innovation are essentially centered around following patients in
doctor's facilities and nursing organizations.
In [4], a WSN giving patient confinement, following, and
checking administrations inside nursing foundations is
introduced. The confinement and following motor depend on
the got flag quality marker (RSSI) and molecule channels
while biaxial accelerometers are utilized to group the
developments of patients.
In [5], authors consolidate together wearable tags and
encompassing tags to build up a completely uninvolved RFID
framework, named NIGHT-Care, for observing the condition
of incapacitated and aged individuals among the night. In
particular, NIGHT-Care depends on an encompassing
knowledge stage which is proficient to gauge rest parameters,
order the human movement, and distinguish irregular occasions
Figure 1. The smart hospital basic plan shows their features [3]. that need prompt support.

Contribution overview In [6], RFID Locator, an online application created at the

University of Fribourg as a software team through Sun
A summarized workflow of the paper as follows: Microsystems, has been proposed to enhance the nature of
Categorization necessities of the Smart hospitals, peoples, hospital managements. Latent RFID innovation has been
resources required, service needed. effectively utilized likewise as a part of [7] for gear restriction
in healing facilities. As clear from the referred to writing, since
A Study various block wise requirements for the hospital to be RFID labels can work exclusively under the peruse scope
listed. district, the utilization of UHF RFID innovation is restricted to
Existing smart hospitals what type of cost investment policies patient/gadgets checking and following in very little situations.
are there in various fields. In what way to reducing by using Another arrangement of related work proposes the utilization
latest IoT support. of WSN innovation to actualize arrangements ready to meet
the particular prerequisites of certain medicinal services
Proposed an innovative smart hospital framework by using pre- applications.
build Internet of Thing kits in various fields of hospital towards
creating device automation. In [8], a remote limitation organizes ready to track the area of
patients in indoor situations furthermore to screen their
Finally, our approach is to reducing all investment and physical status is displayed. An area mindful WSN to track
providing better service for all fields of hospital. Everything patients utilizing an extending calculation in light of
connected by internet as well as fully automation it becomes a environment and versatility versatile channel (LEVV) is
smart hospital. proposed in [9]. An entirely total venture giving patients'
checking and following is WSN4QoL [10]. In particular,
Paper arrangement WSN4QoL depends on a three-level basis engineering, where,
at the most reduced level, a Bluetooth-empowered Wireless
In this paper discussing first introduction to the innovative
Body Area Network (WBAN) interfaces sensor hubs to a
creation for the smart hospitals and second related work, third
nearby authority which, thusly, sends estimations reports
problem statement, fourth Overview of smart hospital
toward a passage through an IEEE 802.15.4-based ZigBee
framework, fifth Outcomes and discussion and finally sixth
organize. At long last, the passage performs neighborhood
conclusion and their references.
calculation and advances information to the general population
IP organize toward the expert parental figures for continuous
Related Work investigation.
Hospitals and doctors are very few not meeting the In [11], the 6LoWPAN standard and shrewd portable
requirements of population. MEMS have opened up grand correspondence procedures are joined to screen the health
open admissions for the usage of smart conditions. Particularly condition of the patient and give limited successful social
in the restorative field, a few sensors to assess diverse sorts of insurance managements. More in detail, the proposed
fundamental signs (i.e., heartbeat, body weight and arrangement makes utilization of WSN gadgets to gauge Photo
temperature, ECG, and movement) have been created, hence Platysma Gram (PPG) flags and convey them to a server
empowering the outline of imaginative administrations ready through the Internet. An Android gadget is utilized to give a

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Design and development of low investment smart hospital using internet of things through innovative approaches

portable social insurance benefit by method for a redid are equal to IoT Medical record, Patient Transmit H_R EHC
application. Dissimilar to the UHF RFID innovation, the Record in the P_t Protocol transmission format. In this
utilization of WSN permits the patients to be observed in a approach is in view of prototype framework for the smart
more productive way at the cost of complex calculations hospital requirements and their specification categorized in this
required for their exact following. The consolidated utilization work.
of the UHF RFID and WSN advancements, in actuality, could
bring extensive advantages, in this manner preparing for the
improvement of inventive, smart managements. A first case
consolidating UHF RFID and WSN advancements is displayed
in [12] where a remote confinement framework for observing
kid position in amusement stop is executed by outfitting WSN
hubs with UHF-RFID per user capacities. The restriction issue
is additionally tended to in [13], where a matrix of UHF RFID
labels is utilized to upgrade the limitation exactness of standard
RSSI-based WSN calculations.
In [14], author proposed a model that incorporation of WSN
hubs and UHF RFID per users for the advancement of a smart
distribution center administration framework. To the best of
inventors' learning, just few activities have been done to
influence the consolidated utilization of UHF RFID and WSN
advancements in social insurance situations.
In [15], RFID, WSN, and GSM are abused together to track
patients in doctor's facilities and screen their physiological
parameters. A brilliant framework utilizing dynamic UHF
RFID, WSN, and GSM for real-time supervision of patients is
exhibited and examined in [16]. A fascinating endeavour that
intends to consolidate and incorporate, at physical layer,
heterogeneous environment advancements, receives the
RESTful worldview and PN, and oversees ready occasions in a
keen doctor's facility is accounted for in our earlier work [17].
More inside and out, it depicts a keen framework in light of
UHF RFID and ZigBee-based WSN responses for the
programmed observing and following of patients inside health
centers. It can gather, continuously, both patients' physiological
Algorithm 1. Data validation and physical decomposition of data
parameters and natural conditions, and, if there should be an remanence from IOT medical devices.
occurrence of crisis, to expeditiously advise the nursing staff
through a product application particularly intended for
Overview Smart Hospital Frame Work
advanced mobile phones and tablets. With a specific end goal
to deliver the common objective to plan a consistent system In the Healthcare process before going to meet the doctor so
effortlessly deployable in an assortment of situations, the many formalities are required. Traditional or manual way of
utilization of a WSN in view of the Constrained Application completing these formalities is very difficult process. Patient
Protocol (CoAP) for interfacing and checking medicinal gets depression and tension it causes increasing patient Blood
sensors is pushed [18]. The CoAP selection in medicinal Pressure (Bp) other diseases. It is required to improve digital
services situations speaks to a vital viewpoint since some support in all the aspect to the hospital everything change to
CoAP worked in elements, for example, quality perception smart. Figure 2 shows that interactive work follows for patient
(specific helpful for on-going observing of patients' imperative and doctor in between things.
signs) and revelation, empower a dynamic domain where the
Hospital day based activity architecture for the IoT High level
accessible assets are consequently found and arranged.
architecture. It uses to what type of process involve to patient
and doctor. In middle patient and their personal User
Smart Hospital Proposed Framework Maintenance Application (UMA) authentication system smart
In this section, discussing that stage by stage to the hospitals is device as a resource. Doctor to the hospital UMA
changing as smart. Technology required in each phase of the authentication system is maintained by the Electronic Health
hospital is clearly described. First, describe the overview of the Records (EHR). The all record information should be
system Hospital system. Second, technologies are to be added connected by the Cloud provider in between observing trusted
in different phases. In algorithm 1, coated those basic complete network of object are there it shows in Figure 3 as clear view
points of the medical device integration. IoT Medical devices of the IoT high level architecture use case flow.

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Figure 4. Dynamic registration and protection for hospital resources.

Internet of things module

IoT empower Smart Hospital technology future is applying to
changing our lives. There is no doubt to that. Whereas some of
the features it is more visible with the fast growth of no. of
smart medical devices, wide use and accessibility of smart
mobiles and continuous demand for better health care the need
for better solutions is increasing and better interconnectivity
technology. Some technology will have to connect all of new
Figure 2. Collaborating healthcare, process, people, things. and existing type of sensors, medical equipment, and
wearable’s together. Also, less people need to appointment
hospital, they have to track state of their health using mobile or
tablet IoT for health connectivity IoT will not only help us to
connect existing medical devices and technologies together, it
will also enable remote monitoring, remote control and even
make a new bionetworksmart hospitals. It has increased rapid
produces in last decade, as for medical application it is only
starting to boom. IoT is extremely scalable technology. The
industry is expected to reach $117 billion dollars by 2020
convoyed by the rapid growth of no. of medical smart devices,
wide use of better internet connection and mobile apps. When
evolving innovative health wearable device or app selecting a
technology or making tradition planning for communication is
important part of design process. IoT middleware as supports
to link all categories of medical devices be it smart bed, heart
rate sensor, patient room ventilation systems.
Secure IoT assistances to transfer critical medical data, which
Figure 3. Hospital day wise IoT high level planning cycle.
eliminates essential of treatment data from one hand to another.
Another benefit of IoT is data agnostic, currently still having
Patient resource registration by using the digital tools using the medical devices are very old, and the fast-rising amount of
dynamic registration. The respected flow is going to the patient innovative technology. IoT helps as enabler for real-time
to the operator day hospital request and national healthcare organization of healthcare. It permits for monitoring patient
system. Assigning resources hospital objects weather conditions remotely, decreases amount of essential medical
availability of resources object enrolment. In Figure 4 resource kits, and allows patients and doctors to use their time more
reservation and protection. The whole approach is processing efficiently.
with dynamically by using the UMA personal authentication Smart building systems, such as different sensor equipment,
server and system. Each process involving patient registration, temperature control and other electronic equipment classically
department and doctor team for patient monitoring system. IoT found in the hospital to Smart Hospital system through IoT.
network involves RFID tags, Electronic Stethoscope. This will allow dissimilar end of the systems to information
Once patient enters into the hospital before meeting doctor exchange, patient location, keep track of doctor and remotely
some of basic tests need to be done. There are no standards for monitor state of health monitor. Connectivity to large
electronic health records and they do not interconnect. You computational groups permits to study of all kinds of medical
can’t get data from one hospital to the next. The future is to information.
connect all sensors, wearable’s, things, in the home, etc., and Utilizing recovered information, smart health center facility
have everything diffusing securely and safely into cloud so frameworks will have the capacity to screen and advise
doctors working in smart hospitals can go back to being doctor hospital and patient about condition of their health and what
and not data entry clerks.” solution is important right now. Not just it will treat distinctive

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Design and development of low investment smart hospital using internet of things through innovative approaches

ailments it will likewise have the capacity to help take provincial and urban populace in its medicinal services
precaution measures, make customized health profiles and take framework. A stunning 70 for every penny of the populace still
work of requesting pharmaceutical or pills without anyone lives in country regions and has no or restricted access to
else. healing centers and facilities. Around 80 for every penny of
pros live in urban ranges. Change in medicinal services
Forthcoming of medical care is allowed in hospitals to be
foundation and offices and simple entry to them is the main
removing unnecessary managerial tasks, quality of service
way India can battle against diseases. For that to happen,
improving and patient centered. Patients and medical staff will
government spending on medicinal services must go up. In any
expansion more flexibility. Being data concerned with all the
case, the situation, as they are currently, is not extremely
data being in digital form, Smart Hospital subsystems will be
promising.
interoperable as all devices could talk teach other switching
various types of data. As systems are no longer directly
controlled by people we can eliminate some errors of human
factor.

Big data analytics module

It receives the sensors information with sensor Id. Compute all
the information performing analytics operations. Various
factors are considering for calculating individual sensor
strength and add each other sensor entry and leaving vehicle
details road capacity, etc. factors are considered compute
analysed report are to be produced it make ready through
access by using internet either mobile APP or internet browser.
Here apply various forms are approaches [19] are connected
with latest real-time streaming data processing mechanisms are
used. Figure 5. Physician and hospital beds ratio per 10,000 people [20].

User interaction modules The NDA Government planned to realize a 'total change' of the
Healthcare area and even fragmented away at the outline of the
In this module consists of the latest analytics and decision tools
world's biggest general medical coverage program, central
are providing for travellers. Capacity of road number of
roused by US President Barack Obama's fantastic protection
vehicles are there status everything shown accessing internet.
for-all venture which is prevalently known as 'Obamacare'. The
Multiple way’s user wants to access the information example
Government now needs [21] to follow up on its arrangements.
mobile APP, internet browser throw enabling GPS on Device,
The Union Budget 2016 must apportion more cash to the
etc. In user point of view very faster interaction and fast data
human services division. The area is in critical need of assets to
processing are to be done by using background as big data
enhance their framework and aptitude sets and to build limit.
stream analytics. For better and faster real-time data stream
There are spillages of apportioned supports at all levels. It is
computing as well as analytics on top of that we apply.
imperative to connection activities like Digital India to get
more straightforwardness in the designation of assets and its
Practical Approach and Their Outcomes consumption by Government Hospitals and Medical Officers.
In practical setup, we are taken Intel IoT kit and health related Figure 6 shows the percentages of the Healthcare related
sensors installed in multiple places. BP meter, digital dharma investment percentage in different stages.
meter, electronic stethoscope, etc. in all phases of medical field Figure 7 shows the disease wise cost spending in dollars,
are change to digital devices. These sensors send its data another approach to take a gander at health spending is to
periodically and also on demand. The sensor information consider how much cash is spent on various conditions.
further can be used appropriate action through rules Around 66% of aggregate consistent health spending can be
computation. Henceforth, the system addresses 4 levels of assigned to disease groupings. Of the general gatherings
smartness, Connected one centralized Network based control appeared, cardiovascular maladies represented the best burning
system to control things. Cloud services and background big through ($7.9 billion or 11%) trailed by oral health ($7.1
data analytics. With all combined hospital package like device billion or 10%) and mental clutters ($6.1 billion or 8%). Mind
kits need to be provided for all the manual hospitals. gave to patients admitted to a doctor's facility made up the
Smart hospitals multiple things to be consider for our main part of spending for some sickness gatherings, (for
outcomes. In hospitals and their resources in India. Figure 5 example, innate inconsistencies (birth imperfections) and
shows the hospital beds per 10,000 peoples and Physicians per growths) [22]. For other sickness gatherings, (for example, oral
10,000 peoples. India is very poor just 9 beds and 7 physicians health), a more noteworthy extent of spending went towards
per 10,000 peoples. While comparing to other countries, India administrations, projects and merchandise outside the clinic
ratio is very poor. There are wide crevices between the setting.

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The challenge with standalone devices is they must be built

with secure and safe ways to get information into the cloud, to
providers and doctors to understand if those devices are
functioning properly and giving the correct dose of medication.

Figure 8. Life time management for medical devices.

Conclusion
This paper concentrates on the general approach and technique
for the IOT empowered self-governing smart hospitals facility
managing framework with the associated Device choice, data
signifying, interoperability, data mapping and data change, data
approval and data exclusion, prepare stream arrangement for
Figure 6. Healthcare percentage of investment in different stages. occasion driven work processes, engineering and foundation
choice subtle elements. The quality procedures recommended a
booked routine or technique to check the legality of the device
working standards. The lab management, in/out patient
management, operational care, outpatient treatment, room
label, medical check-ups, staff-organization, innovative
avenues inter departmental operations are a portion of the
arranged future utilize cases to get executed as a major aspect
of the framework. The data produced out of the on-going
devices result in the massive volume of data which needs the
cloud and big data study phase. Proposed smart hospital
development with low investments organized framework in all
areas of country. Smart features to be deployed in all phases of
the hospitals. The hospitals are facilitating these features in
their hospitals it is reducing the waiting time, improve quality
and care delivery of the patients.

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